Sex-Role Orientation Research: Review and Implications for Counselor Education

A review of sex-role orientation research reveals two areas of particular importance for counselor educators: interpersonal behaviors and cognitive processing. Persons with androgynous, masculine, and feminine sex-role orientations have been found to differ in their interpersonal competence and their cognitive processing of perceptions of self and others. In both areas, research points to persons with androgynous sex-role orientations as being more flexible, self-assured, adaptive, accepting, and competent in interpersonal interactions than persons with more masculine or feminine orientations. Because counseling is a complex interpersonal process, these conclusions suggest a preference for an androgynous counselor. Implications for the impact of sex-role orientation on the dynamics of the counseling relationship and the counseling process are explored. Studies supporting the efficacy of “training” for androgyny, and those offering some evidence for the androgynous counselor as the more competent facilitator of positive change in clients are reviewed. Research questions are proposed to specifically assess the relationship of sex-role orientation and the acquisition and performance of counseling skills.     

Engaging Reflection: A Training Exercise Using Conversation and Discourse Analysis

The author describes an exercise for counselor trainees that promotes counselor reflection on the counseling process. The exercise, which also supports a social constructionist view of counseling, was introduced before, or concurrent with, skill development and required students to combine conversation and discourse analysis of their interactions with “clients.” Methods of analysis are presented, along with specific instructions for the exercise, trainees' comments, and the author's reflections regarding the exercise. We are seeking to complete and be completed … not to understand and be understood cognitively, not to get it right.     

The Influence of Supervisory Racial Identity Interaction and Racial Matching on the Supervisory Working Alliance and Supervisee Multicultural Competence

Data from 105 counselor trainees indicated that supervisee–supervisor racial identity interactions were related to the supervisory alliance, and racial identity interactions and racial matching influenced supervisees' development of multicultural competence.     

Video Journaling as a Method of Reflective Practice

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine seven school counseling students’ experiences of creating reflective video journals during their first internship course. Specifically, this study focused on capturing the essence of the experiences related to personal reactions, feelings, and thoughts about creating two video journal entries. Qualitative analysis revealed that reflection as a developmental process, authenticity, parallel process, and apprehension with the process were significant themes related to the video journaling experience. Implications for counselor education and training and directions for future research are presented.     

School Counselor Preparation in Kenya: Do Kenyan School Counselors Feel Adequately Prepared to Perform Their Roles?

School counselor training in Kenya is a relatively new phenomenon. This study examined Kenyan school counselors’ perceptions of the adequacy of their preparedness to perform their roles within the school setting. The survey was administered to 105 school counselors in four counties. The findings revealed that Kenyan school counselors perceived themselves as being adequately prepared; however, participants revealed deficiencies in their preparation and ability to deal with a wide range of student issues. Implications of these findings to the training of school counselors and counselor training programs are discussed.     

School counselor educators: A grounded theory of career interest and satisfaction

Annually, there are school counseling specific counselor educator positions that remain unfilled. There is a need for more counselor educators with school counseling backgrounds. This grounded theory provides a model of the process by which school counselor educators decide to enter academia and what keeps them in their positions, based on focus groups with 32 participants. Results showed the reasons for leaving school counseling, what factors promote entry into school counselor education, and what keeps school counselor educators in that role. Implications for counselor education are provided.     

Counselor Educator Nonverbal Behavior in the Supervision Process

Sixteen counselor educators and counselors-in-training participated in a content analysis study that investigated supervisors' nonverbal behaviors in the supervision process. The investigation displays the high-to-low frequency of 21 identified nonverbal behaviors of supervisors and indicates a statistically significant association and consistency among the supervisors' nonverbal behaviors. It implies the applicability of these behaviors to counselor supervision and training, provides a methodological approach for the further investigation of nonverbal behavior in actual supervision and counseling situations, and suggests that counselor educators should not overlook these variables in systematic research or their influence in the supervision process with novice counselors.     

From School Counselor to Counselor Educator: A Phenomenological Study

Through a phenomenological study, the experiences of 8 early‐career school counselor educators who entered academia directly from positions as P–12 school counselors were examined. Results revealed that the participants experienced numerous challenges and supports related to their transition. Recommendations for counselor educators, doctoral students, and new faculty are provided.     

A “Chameleonic” Identity: Foreign-Born Doctoral Students in U.S. Counselor Education

This study explored the interplay between a multidimensional model of acculturation and professional identity development among eight foreign-born doctoral students in U.S. counselor education. Themes generated through an interpretive phenomenological analysis revealed that the participants, while trying to adapt to the Euro-American cultural context of their counselor programs, experienced a sense of conflict, loss, and grief, resulting in what they called a “chameleonic” professional identity. Findings illustrated that for international counseling students, professional identity development is an arduous and complex process deeply intertwined with their acculturation experiences. Implications for counselor programs and future research are further discussed.     

Confrontation Groups: Hula Hoops?

The definition of counseling has moved beyond the one-to-one relationship to include contact with clients in group settings. One variation, confrontation groups, has grown so fast in popularity that certain aspects have become malignant. Four criticisms are made of confrontation groups in counselor education today: (a) excessive anti-intellectualism; (b) neglecting the phenomenon that such experiences can bring about worse as well as better adjustment; (c) labeling activities as group dynamics, but transforming the process into group therapy; and (d) reluctance of too many leaders to accept reasonable responsibility for their actions and inactions with groups under the influence. Eight recommendations for future practice are suggested.     

构建良好师生关系 营造和谐校园——谈辅导员与大学生良好师生关系的构建

从辅导员与学生的师生关系现状出发,分析两者间产生"不和谐"现象的现实原因,并基于此分别从辅导员、学生、学校、社会、家庭多个角度,提出构建辅导员与学生和谐师生关系的有效途径,进而从营造大学人文环境,改进高校校风、教风、学风,打造活力校园的角度出发,论述构建辅导员与学生的和谐师生关系对建设和谐大学校园的重要意义。     

高校辅导员人格矮化：困境与出路

辅导员是高校从事思想政治教育的中坚力量,其人格蕴含着丰富的教育价值。辅导员人格的高低直接影响大学生思想政治教育效果的好坏。当前,高校辅导员队伍出现人格矮化现象,导致思想政治教育效果不佳。因此需要深入客观地分析辅导员人格矮化现象产生的原因,从而提出相应的对策,重新塑造辅导员的理想人格。     

团队文化：高校辅导员队伍建设的新路径

高校辅导员团队文化建设是高等教育大众化进程中辅导员队伍建设的崭新课题,更是辅导员队伍职业化、专业化建设的重要任务。高校辅导员队伍建设发展进程中的新困境突出表现在团队文化建设薄弱,集中体现在四个方面：辅导员文化自觉意识尚待强化;辅导员职业生涯教育有待开展;辅导员职业形象教育需要创新;辅导员学习文化载体急需整合。所以需要从辅导员职业价值观教育、职业生涯规划教育、职业形象塑造、学习型组织等方面开展建设。     

Preparing preservice English teachers and school counselor interns for future collaboration

The authors believe that by working together, teachers and school counselors can better support students and more effectively work for their success. In this article, we present our efforts in creating a collaborative class for preservice English teachers and school counselor interns. While offering an overview of English teachers and school counselors in their daily interactions with adolescents, we focus on the university preparation of both groups, specifically the preparation at our university, a large research institution in the Midwestern United States. We provide a look at the collaborative class created for the preservice English teachers and school counselor interns, offering examples of their interaction and feedback from the students. Lastly, we close with a consideration of the meaning of such collaboration at the university level for both English teachers and school counselors.     

新时期认识与发挥研究生辅导员作用的思考

相较于完善而成熟的本科生辅导员制度,当前的研究生辅导员制度正经历着一个从无到有,从效仿到创新的成长历程。在此建制过程中,研究生辅导员面临着诸多的职业"尴尬"。而在研究生培养中,研究生辅导员基本涉及每一个环节,必须充分认识到其之重要性,从四大方面发挥其作用,并注意期间不可忽视的问题。     

Reliability of Videotape-Assisted Recall in Counseling Process Research

The demand for naturalistic, fine-grained methods in counselor training and counseling process research has supported use of the videotape-assisted recall (VAR) method. By reviewing videotapes of counseling sessions, clients can, for example, provide ratings of specific counselor behaviors or of their own moment-to-moment experience. The reliability of ratings made with VAR is not well established. This article includes reliability data from a test-retest procedure. Twelve participants met individually with a counselor for 20 minutes each to discuss a “minor but real personal concern,” and the interviews were videotaped. The videotape recall was conducted twice. Participants made ratings of two types of recalled affect at times of occurrence of each of six counselor nonverbal gestures. Stimulus order was disguised from the first recall to the second. Reliabilities of ratings ranged from .508 to .822.     

The Role of Community College Financial Aid Counselors in Helping Students Understand and Utilize Financial Aid

Financial aid counselors are a primary source of information that many students rely upon to understand financial aid and how to pay for college. However, little is known about financial aid counselors at America's community colleges and their interactions with the students they serve. Using original survey data, this study examined the role these counselors play in helping community college students understand and make use of financial aid. The majority of counselors in the sample reported the counselor-to-student ratio at their college was one counselor for every 1,000 students (or higher), suggesting these counselors do not have the time or resources to meet the needs of every student who needs their advice. Counselors also identified common pitfalls their students experience during the financial aid process. These findings serve as the basis for recommendations intended to improve the utilization of financial aid among community college students.     

Infants’ Preference for Social Interactions Increases from 7 to 13 Months of Age

This study examined 7-to-13.5-month-old middle-class Western infants’ visual orienting to third-party interactions in parallel with their social attention behavior during own social interactions (Leipzig, Germany). In Experiment 1, 9.5- to-11-month-olds (n = 20) looked longer than 7- to-8.5-month-olds (n = 20) at videos showing two adults interacting with one another when simultaneously presented with a scene showing two adults acting individually. Moreover, older infants showed higher social engagement (including joint attention) during parent–infant free play. Experiment 2 replicated this age-related increase in both measures and showed that it follows continuous trajectories from 7 to 13.5 months (n = 50). This suggests that infants’ attentional orienting to others’ interactions coincides with parallel developments in their social attention behavior during own social interactions.