大班幼儿家庭读写环境与语言入学准备情况调查——以宁夏银川市某公立幼儿园为例

语言入学准备是预测幼儿后续学业成绩的有力指标之一,幼儿语言入学准备的水平与家长的努力密不可分。本研究通过方便取样,以宁夏银川市某公办幼儿园的大班幼儿和家长为对象,对幼儿的语言入学准备和家庭读写环境进行调查,结果发现幼儿家庭读写环境较好;幼儿语言入学准备水平欠佳,尤以词汇积累和语言表达为甚;家庭社会经济地位对幼儿的家庭读写环境和语言入学准备均有影响;家庭读写环境与幼儿语言入学准备没有显著相关。     

广西壮族农村儿童家庭环境和入学准备的研究

为了考察广西壮族农村儿童家庭环境及其对儿童入学准备的影响,我们对广西某县4个乡镇的409名壮族农村儿童(平均年龄为77个月,标准差为3.63)和他们的父母进行了研究。研究工具根据美国研究院的儿童入学准备测验和父母问卷改编而成。结果表明,父母是否在家对儿童入学准备成绩有一定影响。根据父母受教育水平、家庭收入、父母对孩子的教育期望等分组的儿童在入学准备成绩上有显著差异。回归统计分析表明,家庭学习环境、母亲受教育水平和家庭收入是预测儿童入学准备成绩的重要指标。     

Examining the Relationship Between Neighborhood Environment and School Readiness for Kindergarten Children

In the current research project, the relationship between neighborhood environment and school readiness was investigated. To measure neighbourhood environment, data from the 2001 Canadian Census were used, while school readiness was measured using the Early Development Instrument (EDI). EDI data were collected for kindergarten children across British Columbia, Canada, in the school years 2000/2001 through 2004/2005 by the Human Early Learning Partnership. A hierarchical linear modeling approach to data analysis was taken given the complex structure of the data (children nested within neighborhoods). Results from this study suggest that neighborhood environment is related to children's school readiness outcomes as measured by the EDI. Specifically, all 5 EDI domains were significantly predicted by between 2 and 8 of 13 neighborhood variables that were conceptually grouped into 8 categories accounting for family structure, income, education, Aboriginal status, language, labor force occupations, employment rates, and domestic work. Overall, 3 themes emerged from this study that suggest neighborhood-level sources of social wealth: the importance of neighborhood culture, stability, and heterogeneity in promoting better school readiness outcomes for children. Formulations regarding areas for future research are presented.     

Links Between Preschoolers' Behavioral Regulation and School Readiness Skills: The Role of Child Gender

Research Findings: We examined relations among preschoolers' behavioral regulation, gender, and school readiness outcomes in preacademic and classroom skills using a sample of South Korean preschoolers aged 3–5 (N = 229). Behavioral regulation was assessed using a direct measure, the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders task, which requires children to switch rules by responding in the opposite way to 4 different oral commands. Results demonstrated nonsignificant gender differences in behavioral regulation and academic skills but significant gender differences in classroom work-related skills and social skills, with higher scores for girls. Multilevel path modeling revealed that behavioral regulation predicted none of the preacademic skills and classroom behaviors after child age, gender, verbal intelligence, maternal education, and classroom nesting were controlled. However, there was an interaction effect of behavioral regulation and gender for early reading; the contribution of behavioral regulation to early reading was positive and stronger for boys. Practice or Policy: These results suggest that behavioral regulation is not an overall strong predictor of school readiness in South Korean children. Early educators need to support the development of behavioral regulation skills, especially for boys, as these skills may work as an important path to school readiness when children lack other classroom social strategies and resources.     

Early Childhood Housing Instability and School Readiness

This study assesses the consequences of housing instability during the first 5 years of a child's life for a host of school readiness outcomes. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2,810), this study examines the relation between multiple moves and children's language and literacy and behavior problems at age 5. The moderating role of poverty is further tested in this relation. The findings show that moving three or more times in a child's first 5 years is significantly associated with increases in attention problems, and internalizing and externalizing behavior, but only among poor children.     

Child Care Subsidies and the School Readiness of Children of Immigrants

This study is the first to test whether receipt of a federal child care subsidy is associated with children of immigrants' school readiness skills. Using nationally representative data (n ≈ 2,900), this study estimates the associations between subsidy receipt at age 4 and kindergarten cognitive and social outcomes, for children of immigrant versus native‐born parents. Among children of immigrants, subsidized center‐based care (vs. subsidized and unsubsidized home‐based care) was positively linked with reading. Among children of native‐born parents, those in subsidized center care displayed poorer math skills than those in unsubsidized centers, and more externalizing problems than those in unsubsidized home‐based care.     

Home Environment and School Learning

From a systematic search of educational, psychological, and sociological literature, 18 studies of 5,831 school-aged students on the correlation of home environment and learning in eight countries over a 19-year period were selected. Correlations (the units of analysis) of intelligence, motivation, and achievement with indexes of parent stimulation of the student in the home are considerably higher than those with indexes of socioeconomic status (SES); specifically the medians (and ranges) of 92 simple correlations of home environment and learning are .37 (and .02 to .82) and of 62 multipleregression-weighted composites are .44 (and .23 to .81). Jackknifed regression estimates indicate that gender and SES of the sample affect the sizes of the correlations and suggest priorities for future primary investigations. The analyses suggest that ability and achievement are more closely linked to the sociopsychological environment and intellectual stimulation in the home than they are to parental socioeconomic status indicators such as occupation and amount of education.     

Links Between School Absenteeism and Child Poverty

This article reports a study, undertaken in London Boroughs, which aimed to explore the link between school absenteeism and child poverty. The writer begins by exploring issues of definitions of child poverty and school absenteeism in the last fifty years. He then goes on to describe the design of this study and to report his findings. His conclusions are that school absenteeism is strongly associated with child poverty, with pupils at primary school being much more likely to be affected by an area's economics and employment deprivation than their counterparts at secondary schools. School absentees normally start the habit of non–attendance when they are at primary school, with child poverty as a main associated factor. Addressing family welfare issues early is seen as a key intervention.     

不同社会经济地位家庭儿童的入学语言准备状况比较

本研究以150名来自不同社会经济地位家庭的一年级新生为对象,探讨家庭社会经济地位与儿童入学语言准备的关系。研究发现,家庭的社会经济地位与儿童的语言能力存在密切相关,不同家庭的儿童在听、说、读、写四方面均存在显著差异,社会经济地位较高家庭的儿童在语言准备上具有明显的优势。政府应制定和实施针对弱势家庭儿童的补偿性学前教育政策。     

蒙语与满语关系探究

蒙语、满语均属阿尔泰语系，他们之间的关系十分密切，其中，借代关系比较多，这说明了古代两个民族交往比较频繁，在语言上自然会产生某些融合现象。另外，从对比较语言学的研究中也折射出两个民族之间许多珍贵的历史史实。     

Maternal Language and Child Vocabulary Mediate Relations Between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function During Early Childhood

This article examined longitudinal relations among socioeconomic risk, maternal language input, child vocabulary, and child executive function (EF) in a large sample (N = 1,009) recruited for a prospective longitudinal study. Two measures of maternal language input derived from a parent–child picture book task, vocabulary diversity (VOCD), and language complexity, showed variation by socioeconomic risk at child ages 15, 24, and 36 months. Maternal VOCD at child age 24 months and maternal language complexity at child age 36 months mediated the relation between socioeconomic risk and 48-month child EF, independent of parenting sensitivity. Moreover, 36-month child vocabulary mediated the relation between maternal language input and child EF. These findings provide novel evidence about mechanisms linking socioeconomic risk and child executive function.     

Connecting School and Home: Examining Parental and School Involvement in Readiness for College Through Multilevel SEM

Research in Higher Education - Parental involvement is widely acknowledged as a critical factor influencing the college choice process among families. What is not clear, though, is whether this...     

政府与学校的关系重构

建立新型、良性的政府与学校的关系,不仅是政府职能转变和现代学校制度建设的要求,也是教育改革和学生发展的要求。教育秩序、教育公平和教育效率是政校关系调整所追求的价值目标。政校关系调整的关键是如何保障和监控学校的办学自主权问题,政府职能转变是政校关系重构的核心环节。     

Self-Regulation and School Readiness

RESEARCH FINDINGS: In this article, we review research on the relations of self-regulation and its dispositional substrate, effortful control, to variables involved in school success. First, we present a conceptual model in which the relation between self-regulation/effortful control and academic performance is mediated by low maladjustment and high-quality relationships with peers and teachers, as well as school engagement. Then we review research indicating that effortful control and related skills are indeed related to maladjustment, social skills, relationships with teachers and peers, school engagement, as well as academic performance. PRACTICE OR POLICY: Initial findings are consistent with the view that self-regulatory capacities involved in effortful control are associated with the aforementioned variables; only limited evidence of mediated relations is currently available.     

CHELLO: The Child/Home Environmental Language and Literacy Observation

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for measuring the quality of the language and literacy environment in home-based settings. Based on a convergence of research on the ecological and psychological factors associated with early literacy development, the Child/Home Environmental Language and Literacy Observation (CHELLO) was developed to gauge the quality of current practices associated with positive early childhood literacy outcomes. Following the structure of the Early Language and Literacy Classroom Observation Scale (ELLCO) [Smith, M., & Dickinson, D. (2002). Early language & literacy classroom observation. Baltimore, MD: Brookes], we developed two interdependent tools: The Literacy Environment Checklist and the Group/Family Observation and Provider Interview. Inter-rater reliability using weighted kappas indicated acceptable reliability. Following this analysis, the CHELLO was administered in 128 home-based settings in four low-income urban areas. Initial evidence of its psychometric properties provided support for internal consistency. Although more research is needed, the CHELLO has the potential to serve as a useful tool for examining the language and literacy environment in home-based settings.     

Categorization and Its Developmental Relation to Early Language

Three studies examine the developmental relation between early linguistic and cognitive achievements. Studies 1 and 2 attempt to replicate previous findings of a strong temporal link between the ages at there is a sharp rise in new nominal productions and the appearance of 2-category grouping using a longitudinal design. Studies 1 and 2 differ principally in whether the same stimuli were employed each time the children's categorization was tested or whether different stimuli were employed. Study 3 compares the categorization performance of children identified as late talkers to age-matched and language-matched controls cross-sectionally. Our findings consistently show that children's ability to classify objects in a spatial of temporal order is independent of advances in productive vocabulary growth. These results suggest that although children's developing knowledge of object categories may underlie developments in categorization and naming such developments depend on other abilities as well Studyin the past experiences of the child and the particular context in which the behavior is exhibited may be a more meaningful approach to understanding changes in categorization and ultimately its relation to language.     

一岁儿童动词发展的个案研究

儿童的句法习得与他们对动词的理解和习得过程联系紧密,但是早期句法的习得到底是以单个动词为基础还是以天生规则为基础,这个问题研究者并没有达成共识。本文在回顾国内外主要相关研究的基础上,对一名北京女孩1岁4个月到1岁10个月的自发动词,从词序与论旨角色和零论元现象两个方面进行了分析,试图探讨儿童早期句法习得中语言环境和天生规则的作用。