对新时期竞技体育的文化反思——赛文化辨析与练文化建构

根据新时期对竞技体育进行文化反思的需要,以文化哲学范式为指导,参照竞赛与训练的关系属性,将竞技体育文化分为赛文化和练文化两个主要部分,从空间行为图景和历史流变特征角度对前者进行了价值取向辨析,从训练实践特殊性角度对后者进行了内容过程建构.     

郑州地区古代体育文化旅游资源的开发研究

通过收集相关的文献资料,从不同角度分别对古代体育文化旅游和古代体育文化旅游资源的概念做了界定.阐述了郑州地区古代体育文化旅游资源开发具有的现实意义.从古代体育项目特点、存在朝代、存在形式3方面对郑州地区古代体育文化旅游资源进行了分类.从与古代体育有关的历史遗迹旅游资源、历史名人旅游资源以及与古代体育有渊源关系的文化旅游资源3个途径出发,为郑州地区古代体育文化旅游资源制定了相应的开发思路,并提出了具体的开发措施.     

太极太极图太极拳──中国古代体育科学发展蠡测

太极太极图太极拳──中国古代体育科学发展蠡测苏州大学副教授罗时铭在中国古代，不仅有体育，有体育思想，而且有导引学、气功学、养生学，以及中华武术等等。当然，和任何科学一样，中国古代体育科学也经历了一个从产生发展，到最后完善的过程。本文的目的就是企图从太...     

论中国养生体育的特征

中国养生体育是经历数千年的检验与优选形成的,以保养生命使达更长期限为目的,具有独特理论与方法的体育体系。其主要特征就是选用独特的运动方式,如静动、内动及两者结合的气功、导引等,进行精神与肉体的并协锻炼,尤重植物神经系统及其调控的基本生命功能的锻炼,以使两大神经系统所调节的全部生命机能向整体协调与优化、延缓衰老的目标发展。     

我国体育概念演变探析

运用文献资料法、历史研究法、对比分析法等,列举从被引入至当代的全部有代表性的体育概念,依据马克思主义划分历史阶段的方法,结合我国体育概念外延自身的演化特点,将其历史演变过程划分为四个阶段,并对引起各阶段变化的社会动因进行探析。     

中国道教理论对民族传统体育养生的启示

道教的养生思想经过数千年的传承、创新,对传统体育养生有深刻的影响;民族传统体育养生继承了中国古代道教的养生思想,进而加以修改、创新,从精神性情与物质躯体两方面来构建和谐的人体。文章通过对道教理论及民族传统体育养生发展现状的阐述,从不同角度进行了分析,最终得出道教文化在思维方式上、修炼形式上和现代处世上对民族传统体育养生得出启示。     

重论体育教学方法

教学系统具有完整性、相关性、互动性等功能系统所应具有的一切主要特性。当教学思想发生变化时,教学系统的其它环节也必将随之有所调整。从技术健身论的角度来审视现今体育教学理论中的方法体系,我们会发现确有重议的必要。 1 教学方法辨析 “概念是反映事物的特有属性的思维形式。事物和属性是不可分的。概念在反映事物的本质属性     

刍议气功与体育

本文从研究中西方早期体育形式入手,阐明古希腊之“体操”中国之“导引”的健身运动都类似于今天的徒手体操。而“导引”一词是今天气功的另一种名称,主要的作用是调身、调息、调心。明确气功具有体育的特征,确定体育部门对气功的管理职能,有利于组织体育工作者对气功的科学形究与认识,以体育锻炼的一般卫生原则认识、解释、引导气功,消除有神论思想对气功发展的不良影响,焕发气功作为传统民族体育形式的勃勃生机,使气功在体育科学的领域中健康发展。通过新闻立体化的宣传,更多的消除练功中的唯心认识,增强唯物的观念,使气功真正能在全民健身运动中起到愉悦身心、健全体魄、延年益寿的作用。     

论中国养生体育的特征

中国养生体育是经历数千年的检验与优选形成的,以保养生命使达更长期限为目的,其有独特理论与方法的体育体系。其主要特征就是选用独特的运动方式,如静动、内动及两者结合的气功、导引等,进行精神与肉体的并协锻炼,尤重植物神经系统及由其调控的基本生命功能的锻炼,以使两大神经系统所调节的全部生命机能向整体协调与优化、延缓衰老的目标发展。     

私人空间的拓展对当代体育文化的影响

对私人空间的承认与保护,体现了人类对自身千差万别的尊重,也是社会发展与进步的结果。当代私人空间的拓展,对当代体育文化的发展产生了重要的影响。首先,私人空间的拓展优化了体育文化生存空间,使体育文化在很大程度上摆脱了工具属性,而融入到人们的日常生活中。同时,私人空间的拓展又对体育文化本身进行重构,拉近体育与大众之间的距离,促使新体育观念的形成。最后,私人空间的拓展使身体叙事成为可能,体育文化中身体意象空前丰富,唤起人们被压抑日久的欲望、快感与冲动。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.