医药大学生艾滋病知识、态度和行为相关因素分析

目的了解医药大学生艾滋病知识水平及其对态度和行为的影响.方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取广州某高校公共卫生学院和药科学院三年级本科生共840人,采用匿名独立答卷方式进行调查.用Excel进行数据录入,SPSS10.0进行数据分析.将知识按得分高低分成两组,进行非条件Logistic回归分析.结果知识部分16题,平均得分是11.63±2.51(0-16),其中传播途径得分是4.55±1.77(0-5)、非传播途径得分是3.58±1.28(0-5),两者差异有统计学意义(t=-24.21,p=0.000).等级相关分析显示居住地在城市、有专业知识、父/母亲文化程度高的学生对艾滋病知识掌握较好.另外,艾滋病知识高低还与艾滋病人与感染者和一般人享有平等权利、择业时到艾滋病或感染者的科室工作、象对待正常人那样对待艾滋病服务对象和性生活正确使用避孕套等态度相关.多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果与等级相关一致.另外,对离自己较远的社会大环境态度较好,支持率达93.5%;对与自己切身利益密切相关的小环境态度一般,支持率仅73.3%.两者差异有统计学意义(x2=570.66,p=0.000).结论大多数同学对艾滋病的基本知识掌握较好,但对传播途径仍存在一定的认识误区,提示应该加强有关艾滋病的非传播途径等容易模糊概念上的健康教育.知识可能影响艾滋病人/感染者和一般人享有平等权利、择业时到艾滋病/感染者的科室工作、象对待正常人那样对待艾滋病服务对象和性生活正确使用避孕套等态度和行为.但是,对离自己较远的社会大环境态度较好;对与自己密切相关的小环境态度一般,提示从知识提高到态度和行为的改变,特别是涉及个人利益的行为改变,还有一个过程.     

高职学生对艾滋病的认知情况调查

对襄樊市1819名大、中专学生进行了艾滋病防治有关知识、性观念、对艾滋病患者的态度、获得艾滋病知识途径的问卷调查，调查结果显示：高职学生对艾滋病传播途径的正确回答率为81．1％。对艾滋病的非传播途径认识较为模糊；艾滋病预防知识的平均正确回答率仅为66．1％；高职学生对艾滋病防治知识的认知程度高于中专学生，而医学类学生又明显高于非医学类学生。襄樊市高职学生对艾滋病的防治知识已有不同程度的了解，但仍需大力加强学校艾滋病健康教育，以阻断艾滋病在青年学生中的传播。     

权利本位:救助安置受艾滋病影响儿童 "河南模式"的理论解读

在实践探索中形成的救助安置受艾滋病影响儿童"河南模式" 遵循联合国<儿童权利公约>,以儿童权利为本位,坚持儿童优先、儿童利益最大化、平等和无歧视原则,采取多种政策措施切实保护受艾滋病影响儿童的生存权、发展权、受保护权和参与权,保障了儿童的权益,促进了他们的健康成长.     

医学生对艾滋病的认知及对患者的态度研究

目的:了解医学生对艾滋病知识的掌握及对经不同途径感染艾滋病人群的态度.方法:分层整群抽取广州某高校二至四年级本科生,匿名独立答卷,Access数据录入,SPSS10.0统计分析.结果:实际应答261人.医学生对传播途径的正确认识率均较高.在非传播途径的认识中,对蚊虫叮咬及与艾滋病病人或感染者一起洗澡、游泳的认识较低,对艾滋病一般知识的正确认识率在80%以上,在感染途径的排序中,最值得同情的分别为母婴传播(98.5%)、输血(98.8%),最不值得同情的为静脉吸毒(1.6%).班级、性别、生源地等学生对感染途径的态度无差异.结论:医学生对艾滋病的认识带有感染途径的烙印,对吸毒和卖淫感染艾滋病依然存在消极、误解及岐视的态度.     

高职院校学生艾滋病知识和态度的调查及启示

调查表明,高职院校学生对艾滋病病原、致病机理、传播途径及艾滋病在我国的流行情况等方面有较高的认知水平,但在对待艾滋病患者的态度上,有相当一部分学生持鄙视的态度或觉得“令人恐惧”,提示我们应加强艾滋病的健康教育,以增进大学生艾滋病预防知识,改善其对待艾滋病患者的态度。     

大学生艾滋病认知状况调查

目的：调查了解现阶段大学生对艾滋病的认知和行为意向以及态度,为进一步加强大学生艾滋病相关教育提供基础依据。方法：研究对象为1460名在校大学生,调查采用自填式调查表进行调查。结果：调查对象对艾滋病的知晓率为100％,对艾滋病有效传播途径的认识较清楚。结论：调查对象对艾滋病的严重性、传染性、易感性、传播途径、致病机理以及预防等知识的认知水平较高,以及对艾滋病的流行趋势有较清楚的认识。大多数大学生对于吸毒的危害有很好的认识;对艾滋病病人或感染者的态度,依然存在恐惧和歧视心理。     

对在校大学生艾滋病宣传教育效果的调查研究

随着艾滋病在我国的蔓延,经性传播感染艾滋病病毒的高学历人群比例显著增加,在校大学生应该成为预防艾滋病重点人群.本文通过对广东6所高校在校大学生的问卷调查发现:在校大学生的艾滋病相关知识认知度偏低,艾滋病相关态度较为积极,艾滋病相关行为风险性较高;同时由于在校大学生对艾滋病的知识与态度具有显著相关性,且不同的宣传途径对相关的知识、态度、行为的影响不同;因此艾滋病预防教育需要学校、媒体、社会等多方面的配合,政府在其中应起协调和促进作用.     

对盐城地区在校大学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为的调查和分析

目的:本文根据盐城地区在校大学生对艾滋病了解的现状,为进一步的健康教育提供科学依据。方法:在盐城地区高校中随机抽取430名大学生进行艾滋病知识、态度、行为(KAB)调查。结果:大学生们对艾滋病传播途径和预防措施的认识严重缺乏;绝大数学生对艾滋病存在比较严重的恐惧心理;大学生的性观念、性态度趋向开放化。结论:在大学生中开展艾滋病传播途径和预防措施为重点内容的健康教育已迫在眉睫;在大力加强学生的性道德教育同时,应对大学生性行为进行正确的引导,促进正确行为的建立,阻止艾滋病进入校园。     

境外艾滋病对构建云南边疆和谐社会的影响

艾滋病现在是人类最大的威胁,有人称它为没有硝烟、没有流血的第三次世界大战,这一点也不为过。艾滋病首先在西方国家发现后,不久就传播到世界各地,迄今为止已经夺去了几百万人的生命。艾滋病已经成为无国界的疾病。中国的艾滋病是从东南亚传过来的,对此,就东南亚地区艾滋病的历史现状及其对中国云南边疆构建和谐社会的影响做一简单阐述。     

UNESCO艾滋病预防教育策略初探

艾滋病已成为危害人类社会的国际问题.到目前为止,预防教育是解决艾滋病问题最为有效的方法.联合国教科文组织提出艾滋病预防教育的目的是增进人们对艾滋病传播和预防的知识、意识、技能,形成和树立正确的态度和价值观念,减少艾滋病的传染,减轻艾滋病对社会造成的影响,同时缓解艾滋病对教育系统带来的压力.本文介绍了UNESCO在全球性和地区性两个层面实施艾滋病预防教育的策略,并讨论了这些策略的意义.     

High School‐Aged Youths' Attitudes Toward their Peers with Disabilities: the role of school and student interpersonal Factors

Negative peer attitudes are generally recognised as being a major barrier to full social inclusion at school for children and youth with disabilities. The present study examined the attitudes of 1,872 grade nine high school students in Ontario, Canada toward their peers with disabilities. A bioecological perspective and a structural equation modeling approach were adopted to investigate how various aspects of school culture and student interpersonal factors influenced attitudes. The majority of students (61%) held attitudes toward peers with disabilities that ranged from slightly above neutral to very positive. However, a substantial number (21%) held slightly below neutral to very negative attitudes. Positive student relationships at the school level and a school goal task structure that promoted learning and understanding for all students, rather than social comparison and competition among students, were two aspects of school culture that had both direct associations with positive attitudes and indirect associations through student interpersonal factors. Teacher and student relationships at the school level was an aspect of school culture that had an indirect association with positive attitudes via interpersonal support from teachers. Results support the development of ecologically based programs aimed at promoting aspects of school culture that contribute to positive attitudes of students toward their peers with disabilities.     

Children's Classroom Peer Relationships and Early School Attitudes: Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations

The purpose of this study was to further explore the linkage between children's early school attitudes and interpersonal features of the classroom, including children's relationships with classmates and their perceptions of these relationships. Participants included 102 kindergarten children (M age = 5.8 years) who were interviewed at the beginning and end of kindergarten to obtain measures of their school attitudes (i.e., school liking), classroom peer relationships (i.e., peer acceptance, mutual friendships), and peer relationship perceptions (i.e., perceived loneliness, peer support). Results showed that initial school liking was associated with all four measures of children's peer relationships; however, only the number of mutual friendships that children possessed in their classrooms predicted changes in school attitudes (gains) over time. Early school attitudes were linked to changes in children's peer perceptions; children who disliked school early in kindergarten were more likely to view classmates as unsupportive as the school year progressed. Results are discussed in terms of the potential impact that classroom peer relations may have on early school attitudes, and vice versa. Implications for educational policy are also considered.     

Major Influences on Attitudes Toward Science

This research study investigated the attitudes toward science of 8th-grade students in Australia, Canada, Cyprus, and Korea, based on recent TIMSS data, and suggests a model of family and school influences on their attitudes. The structural equation model contained 3 exogenous constructs – family’s educational background, aspiration, school climate – and 2 endogenous constructs – teaching and student attitudes toward science. Educational background, aspiration, and school climate were shown to have a direct effect on attitudes, while teaching was shown to directly affect attitudes and to be affected by aspiration and school climate.     

Children's Attitudes and Behavioural Intentions Towards Peers with Disabilities

This study used the theory of reasoned action to investigate determinants of primary school children's attitudes and behavioural intentions towards peers with physical disabilities. The influence of children's own attitudes toward working with peers with physical disabilities in regular classes and subjective norms provided by their teachers, principals, and parents were used to predict behavioural intentions to befriend and interact with classmates with physical disabilities. The participants were 143 fourth and fifth grade primary school students, their mothers, teachers, and school principals. The students completed an attitude questionnaire and a behavioural intention scale. Their parents, teachers, and principals completed a similar disability attitude questionnaire. The results supported the predictions made by the theory of reasoned action. Children's own attitudes towards the inclusion of peers with disabilities was the strongest predictor of behavioural intentions to interact with a classmate with a physical disability. The attitudes of teachers, principals, and parents were also significant predictors of intentions. However, only the attitudes of parents and school principals accounted for any more variance than children's attitudes alone. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of developing whole class interventions to promote the social integration of children with physical disabilities.     

初中生英语阅读现状与英语阅读态度研究

对我国某中学初中生英语阅读现状和英语阅读态度的问卷调查显示:初中生英语阅读基本立足课本,以提高阅读成绩为目标。初中生普遍对英语阅读持积极态度,其中工具趋向态度最强,但阅读的积极性随年级的递增呈下降趋势。具体到阅读态度五个维度间的相互关系,初中生情感趋向态度与融入趋向态度、工具趋向态度和评价趋向态度成正相关,与社会趋向态度呈负相关。其中,情感趋向态度与融入趋向态度成较强的正相关。基于此,为使学生对英语阅读长期保持积极的态度,英语教师要为学生推荐他们感兴趣的课外英语读物;同时,转变英语阅读教学理念,设计多种多样检验阅读效果的活动,从而充分发挥英语阅读在英语学习中的重要作用。     

Pupils’ attitudes to school and music at the start of secondary school

This study aims to explore pupils’ affective engagement with school and music during their transition to secondary school. A gender comparison is also being made to ascertain any differences that may exist between boys and girls during this time. A sample of 182 pupils completed two questionnaires (attitudes to school and attitudes to music) three times (at the end of Year 6, at the beginning and end of Year 7). A series of one-way repeated measures analysis of variance tests showed that pupils’ overall attitudes to school dropped significantly from the end of Year 6 to the end of Year 7 with their enjoyment towards school and their satisfaction with the work environment declining. Pupils’ attitudes to music presented a significant fall at the end of Year 7 after a slight improvement at the beginning of secondary school. Girls held consistently more positive attitudes towards school and music than boys. It is suggested that pupils’ attitudes are malleable and responsive to environmental change and, therefore, this problem can be remedied if appropriate interventions are put into place particularly regarding the teacher-pupil relationship and pupils’ perceived autonomy in their learning.     

Greenhouse affect: the relationship between the sustainable design of schools and children’s environmental attitudes

This study aims to determine if primary school children’s environmental attitudes can be predicted by whether their school had been designed or adapted for sustainability. A New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale for children was adopted to measure attitudes, with supplementary questions added to align this scale to the Australian context of the study. In addition, the original adult NEP scale was used to determine relationships between children’s environmental attitudes, their School Design and their Parents’ and Teachers’ Environmental Attitudes. Data collected from grade 4, 5 and 6 primary school children, their parents and teachers were analysed via three multiple regressions. The results indicate that sustainable design in schools improves the environmental attitudes of children towards perceptibly green building features, such as solar panels, the use of recycled water, natural daylighting and outdoor classrooms including food-producing gardens.     

Changing the attitudes of high school students towards intellectual disabilities: the contribution of a social coexistence programme

Students’ attitudes towards peers with intellectual disabilities are mostly negative, and negative attitudes appear more among secondary education students than any other age group. Social coexistence programmes are intervention programmes implemented by school psychologists to manage and change negative attitudes and enforce social interaction with students with disabilities. The research sample consisted of 193 public high school students in Greece who were given the Chedoke–McMaster Attitudes Toward Children with Handicaps (CATCH) Scale. The study aimed to explore whether there is a change in the attitudes of high school students towards peers with intellectual disabilities after participation in a social coexistence programme. The findings showed that students who participated in the programme had more positive attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities after the completion of the programme. The above findings confirm the research on the possibility of changing attitudes of secondary school students towards peers with disabilities and reinforce the need for the systematic development of social coexistence programmes for the entire student population. Future research should focus on the benefits of students with disabilities from their participation in social coexistence programmes.     

Justice,belonging and trust among Israeli middle school students

Contending that justice experiences at school transmit messages about the wider society and affects students' attitudes and behaviour, we investigated the effects of students' sense of distributive and (school) procedural justice on their sense of belonging to school and on their social and institutional trust. The study was carried out among about 5000 eighth and ninth graders in a national sample of 48 middle schools in Israel in the 2010–2011 school year. The two‐level data—individual and school—were analyzed by HLM7 (Hierarchical Linear Model). Findings basically support our hypotheses: sense of distributive justice, especially, with regard to teachers'–students' relation positively affected students' sense of belonging and their trust in people and formal institutions; and school (aggregate) sense of procedural justice added to these positive effects. However, these attitudes were also dependent on sectorial affiliation (Jewish secular, Jewish religious, Arab), which explained a considerable portion of between‐school variation in student attitudes.     

AGGRESSIVE ATTITUDES AND PREVALENCE OF BULLYING BYSTANDER BEHAVIOR IN MIDDLE SCHOOL

Separate lines of research find that proaggressive attitudes promote peer aggression and that bystanders play a pivotal role in deterring or facilitating bullying behavior. The current study hypothesized that proaggressive attitudes in middle school would deter students from standing up to bullying and encourage them to reinforce bullying behavior. Middle school students (n = 28,765) in 423 schools completed a statewide school climate survey that included an aggressive attitudes scale and their bystander response to a recent episode of bullying, which was categorized as upstanding, reinforcing, or passive. Multilevel logistic regressions indicated that higher aggressive attitudes were associated with less upstanding behavior at the school level and less upstanding behavior and more reinforcing behavior at the individual level, while controlling for other school and student demographic variables. These findings suggest that antibullying programs might address student attitudes toward aggression as a means of boosting positive bystander intervention.