基子学习共同体的校长专业发展

学习共同体是一个共同交流思想、共享知识、分享专业成长经历的场所,它构建于共同的信念、利益和经历基础之上。学习共同体为校长的专业发展提供了有益的模式。建构校长学习共同体可以有不同模式,如专业发展学校、校长学术沙龙、基于网络的校长学习共同体等。     

The principals as literacy leaders with indigenous communities: professional learning and research

Recent educational changes in China such as the decentralization policy and the marketization of education have introduced concepts such as performativity, competition and effectiveness to the education sector and they have become part of the educational lexicon. Such policy shifts force more local participation in teacher education programmes and schools are now identified as the prime site for offering relevant professional learning activities to teachers. However, interestingly, research on professional development of teachers in China has not devoted significant attention to the voices of teachers. This paper examines how teachers from seven schools in Guangdong Province view the effectiveness of these school‐based learning activities within the new context of educational change.     

Professional concerns of beginning teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students

The professional concerns of beginning teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing were examined. Five first-year teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students served as participants. Two of the participants were itinerant teachers; three taught in self-contained classrooms. Participants were selected from programs serving deaf and hard of hearing students in rural and urban areas of the midwestern and southwestern United States. To interview the study participants, the researcher used an in-depth phenomenological method employing semi-structured questions and guided by a constructivist paradigm. Data were analyzed using qualitative analysis strategies (Bogdan & Biklen, 1992; Miles & Huberman, 1994). Results showed that concerns of beginning teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students are specific to service delivery models and geography. Participants provided specific recommendations for addressing the concerns of beginning teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students.     

Encouraging professional autonomy: Reflective practice and the beginning teacher

Helping those teachers designated as Subject Induction Tutors in secondary schools who support Newly Qualified Teachers to become autonomous, self-reflecting practitioners has been the basis of a participatory action research project based at the University of Leicester. The first part of the paper explores the notion of professional autonomy in terms of staff development, professional communities and the encouragement of critical reflective dialogue. The second part presents some strategies for continuing professional development, with illustration of their impact that appear to provide for greater professional autonomy.     

Examining the practice of beginning teachers’ micropolitical literacy within professional inquiry communities

This paper investigates beginning teachers collaboratively making sense of and responding to the micropolitical environments of their schools. Drawing on a qualitative multi-case study conducted within the context of a university-sponsored, inquiry-based induction program, this research employs a community of practice frame to examine how novice teachers came to practice “micropolitical literacy.” The paper identifies four dimensions of micropolitical discourse that surfaced in the situated setting of the inquiry groups. The analysis further illustrates how beginning teachers, while participating in inquiry groups, coconstructed understandings of the organizational structures and professional cultures of their schools.     

应重视高等职业院校新生的起始教育

高职院校学生存在着文化基础差、自卑心理严重、缺乏职业意识等问题.为此,起始教育应注意营造良好的校园文化,树立正确的人才观,培养职业意识,建立合理的基础课课程体系.     

Pitfalls in the evaluation of principals

This paper describes the characteristics of a statewide principal evaluation system. Present empirical knowledge of the ways school principals are evaluated is almost nonexistent (Harrison, 1985); because of this we will employ a design drawn from studies of evaluation in other settings (Dornbusch and Scott, 1975), of teachers (Natriello and Dornbusch, 1981) and control of principals (Peterson, 1984). A questionnaire was used to gather information about the ways principals are evaluated as reported by principals and superintendents. The authors find that even when an evaluation system is detailed, specific, and statewide, inconsistencies develop because of the special nature of principals' work. The systems appear to break down in the sampling of performance and outputs and in the communication of negative feedback-key areas if principals are to improve their performance. Suggestions for research and practice are presented.Presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association in San Francisco, 1986.     

“学习故事”对幼儿园初任教师专业发展的启示

近年来,幼儿园初任教师的专业发展水平越来越受到社会各界的广泛关注。如何帮助初任教师顺利度过专业发展的"关键期"、"艰难期",就显得尤为重要。"学习故事"不仅是一套科学的儿童学习评价体系,也是一个可以促进初任教师专业发展的新方法。     

三个为本两个立足--摭谈课标精神在阅读教学中的落实

“课标”对目前如何加强阅读教学改革提出了许多很好的意见。那么 ,教学中如何贯彻落实这些意见 ,下面以《爬山虎的脚》一课的教学为例 ,谈谈我的认识。一、在教材处理上 ,应以创为本。我们知道 ,教材仅仅是教育教学的媒体 ,而教师才是教育教学的主人 ,教材不是教学的目的 ,通过教材最终促进学生的全面发展才是教学的目的。因此 ,我们不能为文所困 ,变成教材的被动执行者 ,而要灵活地、创造性地对教材 (含课后思考练习 )进行大胆取舍 ,使教材能为我所用。《爬山虎的脚》一课共有 5个自然段 ,可分为 3段 ,第一段 (第 1自然段 )讲爬山虎生长的…     

对开展“问题—小组”校长提高培训模式的思考

积极探求适合新时期校长提高培训的新模式,是教育部对干训工作提出的要求,也是提高干训质量的客观需要。干训处于2000年9至12月试行了“问题-小组”探究式校长提高培训模式,笔就3个月里参与其中的体会,谈谈以该模式进行校长提高培训取得的成效及应进一步思考与研究的几个问题。     

Elementary-school principals and their political settings

This study utilizes a stratified (on SES) sample of Detroit metropolitan elementary-school districts to examine political settings of principals. Altogether 18 principals were interviewed in 1981 and 1984. Twelve more were interviewed in the Lansing area in 1985. Upper income districts were found to have bureaucratic settings as did the lower income, even where their districts were poor or anomic. Principals in the latter viewed the central office more negatively than did the former. Middle income districts were more typically bargaining. Some schools in middle and upper income districts were impacted from the neighborhood especially when the latter was relatively poor.     

Case studies of peer assistance for principals

This case study of three different codes of peer assistance for principals was funded by the University of Technology Sydney. Principals from two administrative regions for schooling in NSW were paired according to age, principalship experience and school type, and worked in schools on one of three different modes of peer assistance,viz. peer assistance with facilitator, peer assistance without facilitator, and peer assistance by shadowing. In the first two modes, the principals worked uninterrupted on a negotiated agenda for three days. In the third mode, the principals observed each other’s leadership and management style for two days and provided feedback on the third day. The efficacy of the three models is evaluated and discussed.     

Perceived educational values of Omani school principals

This qualitative study investigated the perceived educational values of Omani school principals. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form which focused on the core values of school administration as perceived by a sample of 44 school principals; a focus group interview was also held. Data were analysed using Nvivo software. The study results classified the perceived values of Omani school principals into three categories of values based on Hodgkinson’s classification. The most coded values of the principals were cooperation, devotion/genuineness (organizational loyalty, eagerness to learn), respect (self, other, mutual), commitment, responsibility and citizenship, all of which fell into the category of consensus and consequences. A citrus model is proposed to give a visual image of the composition of the three categories of values in school administration. While this study identified a number of educational values, the process by which school principals can activate these values in daily school practices still needs to be clarified.     

Pre-service and beginning teachers’ professional identity and its relation to dropping out of the profession

This study explores different perceptions of pre-service and beginning teachers’ professional identity in relation to their decisions to leave the profession. Teachers’ professional identity was further broken down into six factors: value, efficacy, commitment, emotions, knowledge and beliefs, and micropolitics. This study employed mixed-methods which included 84 participant surveys, and 27 interviews from four groups of participants at different stages of teaching. The findings of this study showed that pre-service teachers tended to have naïve and idealistic perceptions of teaching, and dropout teachers showed most emotional burnout. Implications for improvement of teacher education and retention of beginning teachers are discussed.     

浅谈新形势下的小学校长

小学校长在小学校中处于核心地位,是学校的领导者,因此作为小学校长要其备良开的身体素质、心理素质和职业素养,不仅要有科学的办学理念,还要有较高的理论水平.     

听唱新翻杨柳枝——校长如何走进新课堂听课

课程的变革带来了课堂教学的变化。这就要求校长们在听课活动中必须改革传统观念,以新课程的要求去听课,这样才能保证新课程的顺利实施。