基于虚拟全景的学习方式促进学习动机与写作成绩的实证研究

虚拟现实(Virtual Reality)技术在学习领域的融合将成为未来教育发展的新趋势。以写作学习为研究主题,在分析小学阶段写作学习存在的诸多现实问题基础上,认为利用虚拟现实技术构筑全景式学习场景并应用到写作学习过程中,能够促进学生学习动机与写作成绩的提升。由此,进一步开展了实证性分析,通过创设以《长城》为写作主题的虚拟全景式学习方式,研究某小学三年级学生的学习动机与写作成绩是否会因学习方式改变而得到一定提升。研究利用独立样本t检验法与单因素方差分析法对实验组与对照组开展写作学习活动的实验数据进行了处理与分析。结果表明:基于虚拟全景的学习方式能够促进写作整体成绩的提高,但是学习动机并不因虚拟环境的介入有所提升;写作成绩在四个维度(主题契合度、结构完整性、语言表达力、思维创新性)的表现上,思维创新性维度上的成绩提升力度相对较低,这需要在分析其原因的基础上,进一步采取措施提升学生创意性写作能力。     

城乡科学学习困难学生学业相关因素分析

本研究利用大规模学业水平测试数据,分析8年级学生科学学习困难学生学业相关因素的特点。研究发现:城乡学生科学学习困难检出率没有差异,但科学学习困难检出率的性别差异因城乡而异。城乡科学学习困难学生的学业相关因素水平与正常学生的差异因城乡和性别不同也有不同。师生关系是学生科学学习困难最有效的预测因素,并不随城乡、学生性别而异。家庭社会经济地位对科学学习困难的预测作用亦不能排除。     

虚拟学习社区环境下教师协作学习的问题与实证

教师培训作为促进教师专业化发展的重要途径,当前主要存在培训主题“行政化”、培训形式单一化、培训内容理论化、培训时间间断化和培训受益面相对窄化等弊端。虚拟学习社区环境下协作学习为教师专业发展提供了一条可持续发展的途径。虚拟学习环境下教师协作学习的理论基础包括支架理论、替代性学习理论和群体动力学理论,协作学习的类型可分为机械协作和有机协作两种。为了探究虚拟学习社区环境下持不同活动策略的主持者在促进教师协作学习的互动效果及其差异,项目组实施了案例研究,结果表明：在活动主持者动机水平一致的情况下,持解答式活动策略的主持者比持启发式活动策略的主持者更能促进教师协作学习的互动效果;教师在学习活动中应重视角色的作用,关爱学生的内心体验,重视自身学习能力的提升。     

Framework for Empirical Research on Science Teaching and Learning

In view of the research on education—and subject-related education in particular—that has been conducted in recent years, it would seem useful to describe the current state and future trends of research on science teaching and learning. In the present article, research findings are described, the deficits of science education are analyzed, and medium- and long-term research goals are specified from the perspective of an interdisciplinary cooperative effort between specialists in the fields of empirical educational research; the psychology of learning and instruction; and biology, chemistry, and physics education. Revised and supplemented version of Fischer, H. E., Klemm, K., Leutner, D., Sumfleth, E., Tiemann, R., and Wirth, J. (2003). Naturwissenschaftsdidaktische Lehr-Lernforschung: Defizite und Desiderata [Natural science-didactical learning research: Deficits and desiderata]. Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften, 9, 179–208.     

An Assessment of Factors Related to Science Achievement of Turkish Students

In this study, a hypothesised model with latent variables such as socio‐economic status, students’ perception of success and interest in different subject matter areas, out‐of‐school activities, and classroom teaching learning activities in relation to science achievement of the students was tested via linear structural modelling. The data come from the Student Assessment Program—2002 conducted by the Ministry of National Education in Turkey. The results obtained in a sample of 29,911 students indicated that there were positive relationships between the socio‐economic status of the students and teacher‐centred activities in the classroom with science achievement. On the other hand, student‐centred activities did not contribute to explain achievement measures positively. There is a need to scrutinise the quality of student‐centred activities in Turkey.     

Virtual and Physical Experimentation in Inquiry-Based Science Labs: Attitudes, Performance and Access

This study investigated the learning dimensions that occur in physical and virtual inquiry-based lab investigations, in first-year secondary chemistry classes. This study took place over a 2 year period and utilized an experimental crossover design which consisted of two separate trials of laboratory investigation. Assessment data and attitudinal data were gathered and analyzed to measure the instructional value of physical and virtual lab experiences in terms of student performance and attitudes. Test statistics were conducted for differences of means for assessment data. Student attitudes towards virtual experiences in comparison to physical lab experiences were measured using a newly created Virtual and Physical Experimentation Questionnaire (VPEQ). VPEQ was specifically developed for this study, and included new scales of Usefulness of Lab, and Equipment Usability which measured attitudinal dimensions in virtual and physical lab experiences. A factor analysis was conducted for questionnaire data, and reliability of the scales and internal consistency of items within scales were calculated. The new scales were statistically valid and reliable. The instructional value of physical and virtual lab experiences was comparable in terms of student performance. Students showed preference towards the virtual medium in their lab experiences. Students showed positive attitudes towards physical and virtual experiences, and demonstrated a preference towards inquiry-based experiences, physical or virtual. Students found virtual experiences to have higher equipment usability as well as a higher degree of open-endedness. In regards to student access to inquiry-based lab experiences, virtual and online alternatives were viewed favorably by students.     

重庆体育专业学生实行自我妨碍与学习成绩的相关性研究

对重庆市五所高校体育专业一、二、三年级的240名学生的自我妨碍与学习成绩进行调查研究,结果发现：一、二年级学生学习成绩优秀者与不良者采用自我妨碍策略存在显著差异;三年级学生学习成绩优秀者与不良者采用自我妨碍策略不存在显著差异：学习成绩不良与自我妨碍预测因素即自我效能感、智力责任归因、自尊、抑郁存在相关,与惧怕否定不存在显著相关等。     

Sensor-Augmented Virtual Labs: Using Physical Interactions with Science Simulations to Promote Understanding of Gas Behavior

Deep learning of science involves integration of existing knowledge and normative science concepts. Past research demonstrates that combining physical and virtual labs sequentially or side by side can take advantage of the unique affordances each provides for helping students learn science concepts. However, providing simultaneously connected physical and virtual experiences has the potential to promote connections among ideas. This paper explores the effect of augmenting a virtual lab with physical controls on high school chemistry students’ understanding of gas laws. We compared students using the augmented virtual lab to students using a similar sensor-based physical lab with teacher-led discussions. Results demonstrate that students in the augmented virtual lab condition made significant gains from pretest and posttest and outperformed traditional students on some but not all concepts. Results provide insight into incorporating mixed-reality technologies into authentic classroom settings.     

虚拟学习社区的内涵及其相关研究概述

虚拟学习社区是技术发展到一定阶段的产物,也是当前教育技术界和远程教育领域的研究热点之一。国内关于虚拟学习社区的研究主要涉及虚拟学习社区的创建、虚拟学习社区发展过程中的支持策略、虚拟学习社区对其他机构的影响等问题。目前虚拟学习社区的研究存在社区概念混淆和使用泛滥、研究肤浅等问题。纵观国际领域虚拟学习社区研究,主要集中在社区构成要素、社区测量、社区类型、社区发展阶段及促进因素、社区参与者类型、社区建设和维持策略诸多方面。梳理和分析这些研究有利于指导国内研究者厘清虚拟学习社区的内涵,促进虚拟学习社区研究从最初的平台搭建,转向研究社区的动态演变过程及其特征、影响社区发展的影响因素、社区可持续发展的机制和策略、社区对教育的价值等方面。     

基于学习成果的达成度在“过程控制”课程评价中的实践

文章采用基于学习成果的达成度作为基本指标对过程控制课程的教学质量进行了评价,期望更为清晰地掌握学生对课程内容的掌握程度和教师教学的效果,进而不断促进教学方法的改革和教学质量的提高,也期望通过此工作对建立合适的课程评价指标体系进行探索。     

Academic Achievement and Perceptions of the Learning Environment in Virtual and Traditional Secondary Mathematics Classrooms

This study identified pre-entry variables related to course completion and noncompletion in university online distance education courses. Four hundred and sixty-four students who were enrolled in online distance education courses participated in the study. Discriminant analysis revealed six pre-entry variables were related to retention, including cumulative grade point average, class rank, number of previous courses completed online, searching the Internet training, operating systems and file management training, and Internet applications training. Results indicate prior educational experience and prior computer training may help distinguish between individuals who complete university online distance education courses and those who do not.     

我国科技馆设置开放实验室的初步探讨

开放实验室是我国科技馆建设的一种创新形式,是科技馆可持续发展的需要.开放实验室应该遵循STS的教育理念,从科学技术的发展趋势、社会热点以及深层次挖掘社会问题等宏观视角选题,体现科学技术对社会的作用、实验形式应该是探究式实验.     

经济与管理类专业实验室建设模式比较研究

经济与管理类专业实验室建设模式可分为集中式模式和分散式模式。该文讨论了集中式模式及其特点、分散式模式及其特点，并对两种建设模式进行了比较研究，指出了不同类型的经济与管理类专业实验室所应采用的建设模式。     

虚拟技术在高校计算机机房实验室中的应用

针对承担大量上机和实验任务的机房和计算机实验室,在上机实验环境部署和管理方面存在的问题作了较为详细的分析,并提出了采用应用虚拟化和桌面虚拟化技术解决这些问题的全新思路和解决方案,以期降低实验环境部署和管理的难度和复杂度,增强实验安排的灵活性,提高管理效率。本文重点对CITRIX的ICA技术及应用XenServer、XenDesktop、XenApp构建校综合实验教学中心虚拟环境做了较为详细的研究,对虚拟化在机房实验环境构建中的应用及特点做了探索。     

大学新生学习适应性与学业成绩关系的调查

对602名大学新生进行学习适应性与学业成绩关系的调查结果发现:19.6%的大学新生存在着学习适应不良的现象。大学新生的学习适应性在性别上不存在显著差异,文科生的学习适应性明显优于理科生,非独生子女的学习适应性明显优于独生子女。在影响大学新生学业成绩的学习适应性5个维度中,按照影响程度由大到小依次是:学习动机、学习能力、学习态度、教学模式、环境因素。     

Effect of the Science Learning Environment on Science Achievement: A Comparison of 12 Countries from the IEA Second International Science Study

ABSTRACT

The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Second International Science Study (SISS) was conducted in 1984, resulting in a vast amount of educational data collected from 23 countries and educational systems. This research study reports on the analyses of 12 of those countries using multilevel modeling, investigating the relationships between the students’ reported perceptions of the science learning environment and their science achievement when controlling for student background variables. The three science learning environment scales which were collected in the SISS and analysed here were Student Participation, Teacher Directed Learning and Practical Work. Additionally, this research reports on the effect of these science learning environment scales on gender and socioeconomic differences in science achievement.     

研究性学习在自然科学教学中的应用

研究性学习作为一种新的学习方式已被人们接受并实践，对自然科学教学而言，正确把握研究性学习的实质，结合自然科学，构建相关的理科网络知识，通过“研究”的途径，培养学生的创新意识，把研究性学习应用到自然科学教学中，是时代的需要，自然科学教学的需要。