基于差序格局的居民人际交往对人际信任的影响研究——以人际交往满意度为中介变量

为了分析差序格局下居民人际交往对其人际信任的影响及路径,基于2017年北京市16区1 070名居民的实地调查数据,构建结构方程模型展开分析。结果显示,人际交往、交往满意度和人际信任均存在差序格局特征;人际交往通过人际交往满意度对人际信任产生影响;结合差序格局的特征,内层交往对其内层信任的影响和中层交往对其中层信任的影响,均需内层交往满意度或中层交往满意度作为中介变量。简言之,人际交往满意度在人际交往对人际信任的影响中发挥重要作用。     

大学生人际信任与社会支持的相关研究

采用人际信任量表和社会支持评定量表对安徽师范大学160名大学本科学生进行测查,用以探讨大学生人际信任与社会支持的关系。结果表明:性别与出生地对于人际信任的影响并不显著;是否为独生子和年级对于人际信任的影响显著;大学生的人际信任与社会支密切相关;回归分析表明,社会支持和主观支持均能预测大学生人际信任,表明社会支持是影响人际信任的重要因素。     

教学思维的“言语化”特性探析

把教学内容整理成内部语言,再发送为言语者的言语行为与结果,这个过程即是思维的“言语化”过程。显然,这是一种思维的外化过程。教师工作的职业特点决定了教学思维的独特品性。教学语言是一种个性人文的、个体经验的、动态变化着的,在心理学、教育学、教师学意义上的语言现象。以于漪、秋坪等知名教师的教学实践为例证,对教学思维中的三种基本形式及在转换时的两个特性作了一定的探析。认为：教师在“言语化”过程中,语言观念至关重要,若取向于变革性的开拓,则其他思维形式向语言思维的言语化转换,将会最大限度地趋向于对等实现。     

Manual actions of nine- to fifteen-week-old human infants during face-to-face interaction with their mothers

This paper presents evidence that the manual actions of infants as young as 9 weeks of age may occur in relation to their facial expression, gaze direction, and vocalization. 28 full-term, healthy infants were observed during a 2-min spontaneous face-to-face interaction with their mothers. Videotapes were coded in real time using the following categories of manual action: POINT, SPREAD, CURL, and GRASP. Facial expressions, gaze direction, and vocalizations also were coded for each infant. All of the infants displayed CURL, 20 infants displayed SPREAD, 18 POINTED, and 11 showed GRASP. Right/left differences appeared for the categories CURL, SPREAD, and GRASP, but not for POINT. Hand action was systematically organized into sequences with other infant action. POINT occurred before or after mouthing and vocalization, CURL during vocalization, and SPREAD when the baby was looking away from the mother. The results are discussed in relation to their implications for the ontogeny of nonverbal communicative gestures.     

Relation of Rearing Environment to Adaptive Behavior of Egyptian Toddlers

2 questions were explored: (1) Do observed relations found in Western cultures between specific psychosocial environmental factors and toddlers adaptive behavior resemble the pattern of relations found in a non-Western setting? (2) Does the specificity of relations between environment and performance found in Western cultures also operate in a non-Western culture? Subjects were 153 Egyptian toddlers, 18–30 months of age, and their caregivers. Twice a month between 18 and 30 months toddlers were observed in naturalistic interactions with their caregivers, and measures of caregiver behavior and toddler functioning were coded. Replicating previous results from Western cultures, canonical analysis indicated that caregiver vocal stimulation was positively related to indices of toddler behavioral competence, while nonverbal response to vocalization and physical contact stimulation were negatively related. The salience of sib caregivers was also noted. Particularly for the age period between 24 and 29 months, results indicated specificity of environmental action such that measures of caregiver vocal stimulation were uniquely related to measures of toddler vocalization, while caregiver response to distress was uniquely related to toddler emotionality. The present pattern of results suggests at least some degree of cross-cultural generalizability of environment-development relations and of the specificity model of environmental action.     

因特网对当代大学生人际交往的影响探析

网络作为当代社会一种新型的沟通方式,它对当代大学生的人际交往能力的影响巨大,由于它的隐蔽性、包容性、便捷性等特征,不仅为大学生的人际交往搭建了一个全新的平台,显示了它的优越性,但同时,也由于网络的虚拟性、时空跨越性等特征,也对大学生的交往能力产生了消极的影响,本文在分析网络对大学生的人际交往能力的正反影响的基础上,积极探讨在网络时代如何加强对大学生的人际交往能力的培养及对策研究。     

Interrogative strategies and information exchange in computer‐mediated communication

The explosive growth of Internet and E‐mail use has provided exceptional opportunities for humans to mediate their communication and thus their relationships in new ways. This study reports on a content analysis of interrogative strategies used in E‐mail messages exchanged over six months between intergenerational sets of senior citizens and youngsters. A great deal of relationship development is facilitated by the use of questions which are a core aspect of uncertainty reduction processes. While Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) has been a predominant theoretical position for examining face‐to‐face initial interaction, its utility for examining communication in an asynchronous, computer‐mediated environment was only partially effective. Data analyses focused on politeness of questions, types of questions, and, temporal effects. Results suggest that the interrogative strategies we engage in to achieve interpersonal connectedness are sometimes different in computer‐mediated communication (CMC) and a new standard for transacting relational message exhange may be emerging.     

浅析歌唱中的颤抖音

文章从声乐歌唱中演唱者对“颤音唱法”和错误的“颤抖音”之间存在的误区,分析了“颤抖音”形成的原因。结合实践教学,从传统练声法和非传统练声法（咽音练声法）两个方面进行一一的剖析,并提出解决方法,希望为有“颤抖音”困扰的声乐学习者提供正确的声音概念和训练途径。     

The importance of teacher–student interpersonal relationships for Turkish students’ attitudes towards science

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between Turkish high school students’ perceptions of their science teachers’ interpersonal behaviour and their attitudes towards science. Students’ perceptions of the teacher–student interpersonal relationship were mapped with the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI), which uses two relational dimensions: influence and proximity. Data on Students’ subject‐related attitudes were collected with the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA). A total of 7484 students (Grades 9 to 11) from 278 science classes (55 public schools) in 13 major Turkish cities participated in the study. Multilevel analyses of variance indicated that influence was related with student enjoyment, while proximity was associated with attitudes towards inquiry and with enjoyment.     

Vocalization as an objective measure of shock-elicited social aggression in rats

Intense vocalizations emitted by pairs of shocked rats were compared when physically separated by a transparent partition and when free to engage in social aggression. Greater vocalization occurred in the free-access condition and was positively correlated with visually observed attack scores in pairs that had prior experience with shock. A second experiment determined the influence of repeated fighting exposures upon the correlation between observed attack and vocalization. High positive correlations were obtained after initial sessions within a broad range of intermediate fighting. At high and low extremes of fighting, correlations were nonsignificant. The results are discussed with reference to restriction imposed upon variation of attack scores based upon standard criteria of observation.     

大学生虚拟交往对现实交往中的人际信任、情感平衡的影响研究

随着网络的普及,虚拟交往已成为大学生上网的最主要内容,但其对象的虚拟性和复杂性给大学生的人际交往带来一系列的挑战。通过探讨大学生虚拟交往对现实交往中的人际信任、情感平衡的影响,以期能全面分析大学生的人际交往状况,改善大学生的人际关系。调查研究发现:(1)在人际信任度上,女生在现实交往和虚拟交往两个维度上的得分均普遍高于男生;(2)不同年级大学生在虚拟交往和现实交往两个维度上存在显著差异。随着年级的升高,大学生的人际信任度逐渐升高;(3)大一学生情感平衡得分最高,随年级的升高呈递减的趋势;(4)大学生网络人际信任与现实人际信任存在显著的正相关。回归分析表明,网络人际信任对现实人际信任具有显著的预测作用。     

Maternal depression and motherese: temporal and intonational features

Children of depressed parents are at increased risk for depression and other developmental problems. Recent research indicates that disturbances exist in face-to-face interactions between depressed mothers and their infants. In the present study, the effects of maternal depression on motherese, an interactive behavior that plays a significant role in affective, cognitive, and social development, were examined. 2 paralinguistic features of motherese were examined: temporal parameters of utterances and pauses and the frequency of use of 5 types of intonation contours typically found in motherese utterances. Face-to-face interactions between 36 mothers and their 3-4-month-old infants were audio-recorded, and hard copy records of pitch contours and relative intensity were produced for 2-min interaction sequences. Results indicated that depressed mothers failed to modify their behavior according to the behavior of the infant. They were significantly slower to respond to an infant vocalization, had more variable utterances and pauses, and were less likely to utilize the exaggerated intonation contours that are characteristic of motherese. The results provide evidence for a mechanism through which maternal depression increases the infant's risk for psychopathology.     

试论当代大学生人际交往能力提高的心理策略

在人际关系日益重要的现代社会,当代大学生能否妥善地处理好人际关系问题,直接影响其在校期间的学习、生活、身心健康乃至未来的发展。然而在现实生活中,许多大学生往往因为没有掌握恰当交往的心理策略而引发种种问题和心理障碍。思考当代大学生人际交往能力提高的基本心理对策,提高大学生人际交往质量,建立良好和谐人际关系意义重大。     

大学生人际交往效能感与沟通技能关系研究

为了探讨沟通技能以及一些人口学因素对人际交往效能感的影响作用,采用大学生人际交往效能感量表和自编大学生沟通技能问卷对946名大学生进行调查,结果表明：沟通技能越好,人际交往效能感越高;沟通技能对人际交往效能感有直接影响,个体特征、家庭因素通过沟通技能间接影响人际交往效能感.     

大学生社会实践活动对其人际关系心理的影响

为探讨大学生社会实践活动对其人际关系心理的影响,采用半结构性访谈对西南大学的68名大学生进行访谈,经过对访谈文本内容整理和分析得出结论：1.大学生社会实践活动的类型多样,以从事教职、公司挂职为主;2.社会实践活动改变了大学生对人际关系单纯、理想化的认识;3.社会实践活动使大学生掌握了更多的人际交往技巧;4.大学生社会实践活动改变了其对待人际关系的心态;5.社会实践活动使大学生在处理人际关系时更加包容、自信、合作;6.社会实践活动让部分大学生更注重人际关系的功利性和工具性。     

从系统功能语法视角对商务英语谈判的人际意义研究

随着中国经济的飞速发展,在各个领域都可以感受到深刻的变化。越来越多的中国公司敞开怀抱,迎接全球化的挑战,以便做好与国外公司建立贸易关系的准备。在这种经济全球化的形势下,商务英语谈判起着非常重要的作用。一些学者已经注意到这一特殊文体,并对该文体语言做了一些语用学研究。但是,对于商务英语谈判还没有更全面的研究。"交际的主要目的之一是与他人进行互动:与他人建立和保持适当的社会关系"(Thompson,2000:38),这就是说,语言的交际功能是为了某一目的而间接的告诉他人某事,其目的或者是为了影响他人的态度或行为,或者是提供自己有而他人没有的信息,或是解释我们自己的态度或看法,或者是使他人为我们提供信息,等等。所以,商务英语谈判具有重要的作用,发挥着特定的人际功能。在该研究中,作者试图研究该文体语言的特点,运用了韩礼德的人际模式,从系统功能语法角度,对人际功能进行研究,从而说明了人际意义是如何从情态系统被实现的。24个商务英语谈判样本是从教材,网络和公司收集来的,这保证了样本材料的效度。为了使研究更加全面和详尽,作者定性和定量的对数据进行了分析,其中,定量分析用到了SPSS语言统计软件。经过分析,有如下发现:情态系统主要是由取值不同的情态动词来实现的,他们表示了不同的态度:信心,意愿和趋势。在经济全球化的形势下,该研究非常有意义。从理论来说,对商务英语谈判的人际意义研究可以对语篇分析的发展有启发作用。从现实意义来说,该研究又具有立竿见影的意义。商业活动在繁荣发展,一个成功的谈判可以使双方达成协议,从而使双方获益。此外,该研究也为商务英语语言和技能的教学提供了参考。     

试论大学新生的人际交往

大学新生人际交往具有一定的特殊性。由于缺乏全面客观的自我认知、自我中心、消极价值观的影响、人际交往经验技巧不足等原因,使新生们在实际生活中人际交往困难,进而影响了他们的心理健康水平。高校及心理健康教育中心应针对新生进行及时有效的人际交往指导,以帮助他们更好更快的适应大学生活。     

Teachers' Interpersonal Role Identity

This article investigates the link between teachers' appraisal of specific interpersonal situations in classrooms and their more general interpersonal identity standard, which together form their interpersonal role identity. Using semi-structured and video-stimulated interviews, data on teachers' appraisals and interpersonal identity standards were collected and analyzed using appraisal and interpersonal circumplex theory. Results show a variety of interpersonal identity standards, although the majority of the teachers mentions standards focusing on the codes steering and being friendly. The situation “reacting to student positive behavior” evoked most appraisals that confirmed identity standards. For 13 of the 29 teachers, their identity standard matched with their appraisals. In most cases, however, this match was only to some extent (10 teachers) and sometimes not at all (six teachers). The results suggest that teachers can enhance their relationship with students by becoming more aware of the meanings teachers attach to this relationship in specific situations.     

Structural equation modeling analysis of factors influencing architects’ trust in project design teams

This paper describes a structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis of factors influencing architects’ trust in project design teams. We undertook a survey of architects,during which we distributed 193 questionnaires in 29 A-level architectural design institutes selected radomly from the altogether 59 ones in Shenzhen,P. R. China,and received 130 valid questionnaires. We used Amos 6.0 for SEM to identify significant personal construct based factors affecting interpersonal trust. The results show that only soc...