2011年世界杯中国女排得失分情况比较分析

通过对2011年第11届世界杯女子排球赛,中国女子排球队11场比赛得失分情况的分类统计,分析了中国女子排球队在扣球、拦网、发球及失误等方面与其他各队的差异,以期为中国女排的发展提供借鉴。     

大冠军杯赛中国女排得分能力的比较研究

通过对参加2005年大冠军杯女子排球比赛的各国球队的得失分情况进行分类统计,旨在从中找出中国女子排球队在进攻、拦网及发球得分能力方面的优势和差距。     

第十二届世界杯中国女排得失分情况的比较分析

采用文献资料法、数理统计法、录像观察法和比较分析法,对2015年第12届世界杯女排比赛中国女子排球队的11场比赛得失分情况进行分类统计,并与参加世界杯的世界女排强队进行比较分析。探讨中国女排在扣球、拦网、发球及非进攻性技术上得失分方面与世界女排强队的优势和差距,旨在为中国女排今后的科学训练提供有益参考。     

对第29届奥运会中外女子排球队得、失分的统计与分析——探讨中国女子排球队的优势和差距

通过对2008年第29届奥运会女子排球比赛,中国女子排球队同对手的8场比赛进行录像与统计,对中国女子排球队与对手发球和扣球的得、失分以及拦网得分、吊球得分、对方失误送分的统计结果进行分析,发现中国女子排球队在发飘球、2号位快攻、拦强攻、二传吊球得分以及其他失误送分上,占有一定的优势,其他环节都处于劣势.优势之处,除了2号位的快攻得分较多;处于劣势的环节,差距很明显,对手得分多.据此提出了一些建议.     

第9届世界杯女子排球赛中国队快攻战术运用效果

通过对 2 0 0 3年世界杯女子排球赛的各参赛队的技术统计分析 ,了解中国女排快攻战术运用现状。结果显示 :中国女排快攻战术效果高于强攻 ,得分率也高于巴西、美国队。提示 :坚持快、变战术是中国女子排球队取胜的重要武器     

第9届世界杯女子排球赛中国队快攻战术运用效果分析

通过对2003年世界杯女子排球赛的各参赛队的技术统计分析,了解中国女子排球队快攻战术运用现状.结果表明中国女子排球队快攻战术效果高于强攻,得分率也高于巴西、美国队.提示坚持快、变战术是中国女子排球队取胜的重要武器.     

中国女子排球队比赛能力现状与提高对策分析

主要运用文献资料调研和统计等方法,对中国女子排球队2005年失利的7场比赛进行详细统计分析,认为:1)中国女子排球队存在的主要问题是进攻结构和防守体系不合理。2)中国女子排球队今后在调整队伍和配备场上阵容时,应充分考虑影响进攻结构的3个主要因素:保证进攻点的多样化;合理分配每个进攻点的进攻比重;提高每个进攻点的进攻成功率。     

第十二届全运会跆拳道比赛吴静钰得失分统计

文章运用视频分析法和数据统计法,对吴静钰在第十二届全运会中女子57kg级中的四场比赛中的各局得失分、区域得失分、站架得失分、技术使用得失分、战术得失分进行统计分析,了解其得失分特点,旨在为今后的训练工作提供理论性参考。     

第29届奥运会中国女子排球队与欧美女子排球队不同位置运动员非技术因素比较分析

运用数理统计等方法,对第29届奥运会中国女子排球队与前8名的欧美女子排球队不同位置运动员的年龄、身高、体重、扣球高度、拦网高度和克托莱指数等非技术指标分别进行比较分析.结果显示,中、外女子排球队各个位置运动员的年龄均不存在显著性差异;中国女子排球队整体身高虽处于世界一流水平,但主攻手和接应运动员的身高并不存在优势;两者的主攻手和自由人的体重存在显著性差异;中国女子排球队各个位置运动员的扣球高度和拦网高度均处于世界领先水平;两者主攻、副攻和自由人位置运动员的克托莱指数存在显著性差异.     

2011年世界杯中、外女子排球队后攻应用比较研究——兼谈和合效应对中国女子排球队伦敦奥运会参赛影响

通过对2011年世界杯中国女子排球队与德、意、美、日4国女子排球队比赛中后攻技、战术应用优劣势比较,分析中国女子排球队在比赛中后攻技、战术应用现状。运用电视直播、录像回放和数据统计等方法,找出中国女子排球队后攻技、战术应用的优势和不足。以和合理论为依据,从克服组织惯性等社会心理学的视角提出了中国女子排球队伦敦奥运会参赛策略。结论:中、外女子排球队后攻技术应用差距明显,战术实施主要在6号位和1号位,后攻成功率高;群体情感效应受比赛分值影响大,和合创新能力较弱。大胆创新,独辟蹊径,发挥个体优势,形成共生效应等和合效应训练,克服组织惯性,扩展5号位的战术实施,是中国女子排球队后攻技、战术整合的有效策略。     

改善不同类型学习困难小学生脑执行功能的运动干预方案开发与实证研究

目的：探讨分类研发的运动干预方案对不同类型学习困难小学生脑执行功能改善的有效性,进而为促进小学生脑执行功能健康发展提供可选择的精准运动干预方案。方法：依据运动干预改善小学生脑执行功能发展的多路径理论,针对不同类型学习困难小学生脑执行功能发育特征,分别开发"趣味游戏+花样跳绳+花样跑步"（针对语困小学生）、"合作游戏+武术操+花样踢毽"（针对数困小学生）、"篮球"（针对双困小学生）运动干预方案,采用2（组别：实验组、对照组）×2（类型：学困小学生、普通小学生）×2（时间：前测、后测）三因素混合实验设计,实验组实施10周的运动干预,对照组进行常规体育课内容,实验前、后采用脑执行功能测量工具全面评价不同类型学习困难和普通小学生的脑执行功能。结果：（1）从脑执行功能发育特征上看：语困小学生的刷新功能水平低于普通小学生,且具有非常显著性差异,抑制、转换功能与普通小学生无显著性差异;数困小学生的抑制功能水平低于普通小学生,且具有非常显著性差异,刷新、转换功能与普通小学生无显著差异;双困小学生的抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能水平均低于普通小学生,且均具有显著性差异。（2）从运动干预方案的有效性上看："趣味游戏+花样跳绳+花样跑步"方案能够有效改善语文学习困难和普通小学生的刷新功能;"合作游戏+武术操+花样踢毽"方案能够有效改善数学学习困难和普通小学生的抑制功能;"篮球"方案能够有效改善双困和普通小学生的抑制、刷新和转换功能。（3）从脑执行功能的改善效果上看："趣味游戏+花样跳绳+花样跑步"方案对语文学习困难小学生刷新功能的改善效果优于普通小学生;"合作游戏+武术操+花样踢毽"方案对数学学习困难小学生抑制功能的改善效果优于普通小学生;"篮球"方案对双困小学生抑制、刷新和转换功能的改善效果优于普通小学生。结论：（1）语文学习困难小学生刷新功能发育水平低于普通小学生,数学学习困难小学生抑制功能发育水平低于普通小学生,双困小学生抑制、刷新、转换功能发育水平均低于普通小学生。（2）分类开发的运动干预方案能够针对性的、有效的改善不同类型学习困难小学生的脑执行功能,且改善效果优于普通小学生。     

站高时的人体平衡特征研究

30名健康青年学生参加了站高时的平衡能力指标的测试。研究表明,人体站高时,双脚站立对人体平衡能力影响不大;单脚站立会对人体平衡能力有一定的削弱,其中闭眼比睁眼削弱程度更加明显;单脚睁眼站立时,人体平衡能力的下降只体现在人体左右方向的晃动加快、轨迹长度加长;但在单脚闭眼站立时,人体除了有左右方向的晃动加快以外,同时还有前后方向的晃动加速,有的还出现站立时间的明显缩短。     

Social correlates of sedentary behavior in young people:The UP&DOWN study

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of youths' sedentary behavior(SB) with parents' and siblings' SB and physical activity(PA),as well as the associations of youths' coparticipation with parents,siblings,and friends in PA and SB with youths' SB.Methods:The sample consisted of 1543 youths(12.02±2.51 years;788 boys) enrolled in the baseline cohort of the UP&DOWN study.SB was assessed by accelerometry and questionnaire.Participants reported the time spent by their parents and siblings watching television,playing videogames,surfing the Internet,sitting/resting,and doing PA.Further,participants reported coparticipation with parents,siblings,and friends in these activities.Linear mixed models,including school and city as random effects,were performed.Results:Parents' television time was positively associated with youths' screen-based SB.Coparticipation with friends in playing videogames(in boys) and in surfing the Internet(in girls) showed a positive association with screen-based SB and a negative association with educational-based SB.Moreover,coparticipation with siblings and friends in PA was inversely associated with accelerometer-based SB in boys and girls.Conclusion:Our results emphasize the important role of social modeling in the development of sedentary lifestyles in youths.Interventions aimed at reducing health risk behaviors in youths could be more effective if they are oriented from a social perspective that involves their families and networks of their closest friends.     

Chronic ankle instability is associated with proprioception deficits: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAcute ankle injury causes damage to joint mechanoreceptors and deafferentation and contributes to proprioception deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). We aimed to explore whether deficits of proprioception, including kinesthesia and joint position sense (JPS), exist in patients with CAI when compared with the uninjured contralateral side and healthy people. We hypothesized that proprioception deficits did exist in patients with CAI and that the deficits varied by test methodologies.MethodsThe study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified studies that compared kinesthesia or JPS in patients with CAI with the uninjured contralateral side or with healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted for the studies with similar test procedures, and narrative syntheses were undertaken for the rest.ResultsA total of 7731 studies were identified, of which 30 were included for review. A total of 21 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Compared with the contralateral side, patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and plantarflexion, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.41 and 0.92, respectively, and active and passive JPS deficits in inversion (SMD = 0.92 and 0.72, respectively). Compared with healthy people, patients with CAI had ankle kinesthesia deficits in inversion and eversion (SMD = 0.64 and 0.76, respectively), and active JPS deficits in inversion and eversion (SMD = 1.00 and 4.82, respectively). Proprioception deficits in the knee and shoulder of patients with CAI were not statistically significant.ConclusionProprioception, including both kinesthesia and JPS, of the injured ankle of patients with CAI was impaired, compared with the uninjured contralateral limbs and healthy people. Proprioception varied depending on different movement directions and test methodologies. The use of more detailed measurements of proprioception and interventions for restoring the deficits are recommended in the clinical management of CAI.     

原地连续纵跳的运动生物力学特征研究

为研究原地连续纵跳的运动生物力学特征,运用录像拍摄与三维测力同步测试的方法对其研究发现,不同频率作用下的时间参数存在一定差异,随着纵跳频率的增加,时间参数都表现出逐渐减小的趋贽.同一频率作用下随着运动时间的延长,支撑时间逐渐增人.蹬伸力峰值随着连续纵跳运动时间的延长呈现明显逐渐减小的趋势,不同频率原地连续纵跳蹬伸力峰值对起跳效果的影响程度是不同的;缓冲冲量和蹬伸冲量随运动时间的延长,也都呈现出明显的逐渐减小的趋势,并且运动前期的恢复系数人于1.     

Sport as a drama

Argument of this text is that: to develop aesthetics of sport, we should not begin with aesthetics as philosophy of art but with aesthetics of everyday life; to start with aesthetics of sport, we should not begin with beautiful of ‘pure aesthetics’ but with the dramatic; to analyze the dramatic in sport, we should not open the analysis with analogy between theater and sport, but with sport as a sort of performance; to get at the meaning of sport as a drama, we have to discuss different meanings ‘drama’ has in theory and everyday communication; to map the dramatic in sport as performance, we have to discuss some features of sport which determine its dramatics first, and its potential as spectacle later. To proceed with the argument, we have to take into account contemporary state of aesthetics, recent development of aesthetics of everyday life, and theory of performance, together with Bernard Suits’ definition of game, Gadamer’s idea of play, and Lévy-Strauss’ account on conjunctive and disjunctive ritual.     

Skill-dependent proximal-to-distal sequence in team-handball throwing

The importance of proximal-to-distal sequencing in human performance throwing has been reported previously. However, a comprehensive comparison of the proximal-to-distal sequence in team-handball throwing in athletes with different training experience and competition is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the ball velocity and proximal-to-distal sequence in the team-handball standing throw with run-up of players of different skill (less experienced, experienced, and elite). Twenty-four male team-handball players (n = 8 for each group) performed five standing throws with run-up with maximal ball velocity and accuracy. Kinematics and ball trajectories were recorded with a Vicon motion capture system and joint movements were calculated. A specific proximal-to-distal sequence, where elbow flexion occurred before shoulder internal rotation, was found in all three groups. These results are in line with previous studies in team-handball. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest that in the team-handball standing throw with run-up, increased playing experience is associated with an increase in ball velocity as well as a delayed start to trunk flexion.     

关于高校武术教学中培养学生学习兴趣规律的研究

根据部分高校武术教学不景气的现状,利用学习心理学的相关理论,研究在武术教学中培养学生学习兴趣的"五结合"规律,即直接兴趣与间接兴趣相结合,中心兴趣与广阔兴趣相结合,好奇心、求知欲与兴趣相结合,兴趣与注意相结合,兴趣与努力相结合规律。     

融合体育教育:“残健融合”的当代残疾人体育教育发展理念

由于残疾学生身、心的特殊性,对他们的体育教育在我国和世界大多数国家都被置入特殊学校进行。然而这种特殊体育教育的基础是"分隔"而不是"融合"。融合体育教育则为我国如何在保障体育教学质量的基础上,最大限度地促进残疾学生与健全学生交流,回归主流社会,促进残疾学生健全人格的发展,改变健全学生对残疾学生的态度提供了值得借鉴的经验。研究追溯了融合体育教育的发展,分析了其产生、发展的原因,探讨了在我国实施融合体育教育的价值。尽管融合体育教育在我国从理念到最终实施会遇到相当多的问题,是一个比较慢长的过程,但是随着人们对残疾人人本认知的不断进步,残疾人权益的保障制度不断完善,促进残健融合的融合体育教育必然会在我国得以发展。     

Basic values predict doping likelihood

ABSTRACT

Basic values, defined as trans-situational goals that vary in importance and act as guiding principles in life, have been linked with unethical cognitions, emotions and actions. Their roles in doping, a form of cheating in sport, have yet to established. College athletes reported doping likelihood in hypothetical scenario-based situations and completed measures of basic values, moral disengagement, and anticipated guilt. Correlation analysis showed that doping likelihood was positively associated with self-enhancement values but negatively associated with self-transcendence values and conservation values. Moral disengagement correlated positively with self-enhancement values and negatively with self-transcendence values, whereas guilt correlated positively conservation values and negatively with self-enhancement values and openness to change values. Regression analyses showed that self-enhancement values positively predicted doping likelihood directly, self-transcendence values negatively predicted doping likelihood indirectly via moral disengagement and guilt, and conservation values negatively predicted doping likelihood indirectly via guilt. In line with theory and evidence concerning the relationship between basic value systems and moral thought and action, we found that the values of athletes are directly (self-enhancement) and indirectly (self-transcendence, conservation) linked with likely use of banned performance enhancing substances, an expression of cheating in sport.