小经验七则

小经验七则郧县城关镇三中杨保成（４４２５００）一、巧除日光灯噪声日光灯使用时间长了，有时会发出嗡嗡的噪声，令人烦恼。消除噪声的方法，其实很简单，把镇流器的盖子打开，在镇流器的边上用小刀挑开一条小缝，将熔化了的蜡灌进镇流器的矽钢片的间隙里，这样噪声即可...     

电子镇流器的线路分析及改进措施

本通过分析电子镇流器的基本线路结构，针对电子镇流器使用中出现的“共态导通”、启动速度过快导致灯管早期失效以及功率因数过低对电网造成污染等问题，提出了相关的电路改进措施；并强调了在电子镇流器中为降低功率开关管的自身功率，除了电流增益参数须配对以外，还必须对开关时间参数进行匹配。     

浅论双灯电子镇流器的交叉干扰问题

电子镇流器是用来代替传统的电感镇流器和启辉器点燃荧光灯的稳定器，是融当今高速发展的微电子技术与开关电源技术于一体的高新技术产品。本文主要论述双灯电子镇流器谐振槽路间的相互交叉干扰问题以及消除谐波、提高功率因数的重要性，并分析了谐波电流对提高功率因数的影响。     

荧光灯镇流器的发展现状及展望

介绍了电感式镇流器、电子式镇流器、谐振式镇流器的优缺点,指出了它们的发展方向．     

电荷泵在电子镇流器中的应用

本文论述电荷泵工作原理，阐明利用电荷泵校正简易电子镇流器的功率因数，灯电流波峰比，谐波系数，最大限度地提高电子镇流器性价比。     

常规HID灯电子镇流器逆变电路的硬件设计

论文在分析HID灯电子镇流器原理的基础上,讨论了HID灯电子镇流器的三级拓扑结构,给出了电子镇流器的实现方案,详细设计了全桥逆变模块电路。     

日光灯的另类启动

日光灯的灯管较长，为使管内气体电离，启动时需要一个较高的启动电压，通常我们使用的日光灯，该电压由启动器（又名起辉器）和镇流器得到，在启动器切断电路电流瞬间，镇流器上感应出约４００～６００V的高压，和电源电压一起加在灯管两端点亮日光灯。有没有其它方法启动日光灯呢？通过理论分析和实验探索，笔者总结出以下四种方法。a．用手摇起电机启动。日光灯启动的条件是灯管内气体电离，除了镇流器外能否靠外部使气体电离？手摇起电机，用一根导线搭到灯管的中部，如图１，手摇动起电机，日光灯立即熠熠发光。镇流器在这里没有产生…     

电子镇流器的现状及电路特点

介绍了电子镇流器的现状及电路结构特点，探讨了存在的问题。     

浅析HID灯电子镇流器声谐振的消除方法

该文介绍HID灯的发光机理及特性,阐述了电子镇流器的发展过程与现状,分析了HID灯电子镇流器的工作原理及其基本拓扑结构,讨论了HID灯电子镇流器消除声谐振的方法.     

集控式电子镇流器的应用与分析

作者描述了集控式电子镇流器工作原理,及其相对于普通的电感和电子镇流器来说具有的稳压、节能、安全等特点,介绍了集控式电子镇流器应用过程,并对其节能和投资情况加以分析,用数据说明了集控式电子镇流器可使用户拥有理想的功率因数,通过降耗节能,可获得较高的节能收益,快速收回投资成本,是较为理想的新产品.     

Longitudinal resistance performance of granular ballast beds under cyclic symmetric displacement loading

The longitudinal resistance performance of a granular ballast bed under cyclic symmetric displacement loading was studied based on a full-scale test model of ballast track structures. The change law of the longitudinal resistance characteristics of the ballast bed under variable displacement amplitudes was analyzed. The results show that: the resistance-displacement curves of a granular ballast bed are a set of closed hysteretic curves, indicating obvious energy consumption; a granular ballast bed softens gradually during the cyclic process with constant displacement amplitude, and the residual deformation rate increases nonlinearly with increasing cycle number; the peak value of the longitudinal resistance of lines decreases with increasing cycle number; the cyclic softening of a granular ballast bed is dependent on the displacement amplitude–the higher the displacement, the more severe the cyclic softening will become; after cyclic displacement loading is applied several times, the longitudinal resistance of the bed will degenerate obviously, and the higher the displacement amplitude, the higher the longitudinal resistance attenuation rate of the ballast bed will become.     

电子镇流器中半桥逆变电路负载特性分析

为了电子镇流器电路的准确分析和设计,对半桥逆变电路的稳态工作状态进行了时域分析,把工作在高频状态下的灯管近似等效为一个电阻,运用分阶段时域分析法推导大功率细灯管节能灯的灯管电压表达式,并用示波器测量出灯管两端电压波形,结果显示,实测波形与理论波形基本一致,为电子镇流器的设计工作提供了依据和便利,具有较大的应用价值。     

电力电子技术在绿色照明电路中的应用

阐述了电力电子技术在绿色照明电路中的应用。重点介绍了电子镇流器和电子变压器，并指出照明电路的发展方向。     

Dynamic track-soil interaction——calculations and measurements of slab and ballast tracks

The dynamic behaviour of slab and ballast tracks was investigated using measurements and calculations. Hammer impacts and train passages were analysed and measurements were made using geophones(velocity transducers) which had been time-integrated to displacements. The calculations were carried out in the frequency-wavenumber domain for multi-beamon-continuous soil models. The characteristics of the different tracks and track elements were established in theory and by experiment. The frequency-dependent compliances(displacement transfer functions) showed clear rail-on-railpad resonances or highly damped track-soil resonances. Compared to the rail and sleeper, the track slab had much lower amplitudes. The slab track usually had the highest rail amplitudes due to soft railpads. Train passage yielded track displacements which were a superposition of the axle loads from the two neighbouring axles of a bogie and from the two bogies of two neighbouring carriages. This global behaviour was characteristic of the track slab of the slab track, whereas the rails of the slab and the ballast tracks behaved more locally with only one bogie of influence. The measurements agreed very well with the theory of continuous soil in the case of the six measured slab tracks and acceptably well for the six measured ballast tracks. The measurements allowed us to find appropriate model parameters and to check the models. For example, the Winkler model of the soil was found to be less appropriate because it reacted more locally.     

日光灯电路中镇流器参数测量误差原因的讨论

在对日光灯电路中的镇流器参数测量时发现 ,灯管作纯电阻处理便引起较大的误差。把灯管作低感性电阻负载处理 ,所得参数比较准确。     

一种高速列车-轨道三维空间耦合动力学模型

研究目的：基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论分析方法,建立一种高速列车-轨道三维耦合动力学模型,并明确列车-轨道耦合模型与单节车辆-轨道耦合模型在高速列车-车九道耦合动力学性能分析中的差异。创新要点：建立一种高速列车-轨道三维耦合动力学模型,模型中考虑列车的纵向动力学行为以及车间连接装置对列车中不同车辆动态响应的影响,并基本明确完善的列车-轨道耦合模型在高速列车-轨道耦合动力学性能分析中的重要性。重要结论：单节车辆-轨道耦合模型会过高地估计高速列车在运营过程中的振动响应和动力学性能指标,而完善的列车-轨道耦合动力学模型的计算结果则更加接近实际情况。     

Application of polyurethane geocomposites to help maintain track geometry for high-speed ballasted railway tracks

There are many issues surrounding the performance of critical assets on high-speed ballasted railway lines. At assets like switch & crossings and bridge transitions high track forces can be produced resulting in higher ballast settlements and hence track misalignments. The latter result in higher track forces and hence more settlement, leading to the need for increased track maintenance to ensure comfort and safety. Current technologies for solving issues like ballast movement under high-speed loading regimes are limited. However, a technique that has been well used across the UK and now increasingly overseas to stabilise and reinforce ballasted railway tracks is the application of in-situ polyurethane polymers, termed XiTRACK. This paper discusses how this technique can be used to solve these types of long-standing issues and presents actual polymer application profiles at two typical critical sites, namely a junction and a transition onto concrete slab-track.