Operational,not theoretical: A critique of the current paradigm in development communication

It has been more than 20 years since Everett Rogers first outlined the elements of the ‘new’, ‘Another Development’, ‘plurality’ paradigm of development. This paradigm was later radicalized and extended by Jan Servaes, who called it ‘multiplicity’. While the paradigm was developed in response to the shortcomings of the earlier modernization paradigm, policy makers in Third World countries continue to use the recommendations of the older paradigm.

This paper suggests that the failure of the new paradigm to replace the older one may be due to its own contradictions and inconsistencies. The paper presents the various elements of this paradigm and then critically evaluates them. It discusses why the conceptualizations in the new paradigm are not always useful, and notes that while some of the voices being used in it may be new, the ideas are really quite old. The overall purpose of the paper is to initiate a systematic critique of the new paradigm—a task the authors feel is long neglected.     

The Socialization of Emotion: Learning Emotion Management at the Fire Station

In a variety of fields, particularly human service occupations, the management of emotion is a precondition of employee and client well being. Based on qualitative data from participant observation and interviews, this study examines how firefighters are socialized to manage feelings and emotional displays. It concludes that firefighters recognized a need to manage their own emotions and those of their clients in order to deliver adequate service. Veteran firefighters facilitated the use of emotion labor techniques among newcomers by considering the emotion management knowledge and capabilities of job candidates during employee selection processes, providing habituated emotional events, and reinforcing customer service expectations. Newcomers actively participated in their own socialization to local emotion expectations through observational information seeking, retrospective surveillance, and performance of a normative newcomer role demeanor. The article concludes by offering practical and theoretical implications.     

The Socialization of Emotion: Learning Emotion Management at the Fire Station

In a variety of fields, particularly human service occupations, the management of emotion is a precondition of employee and client well being. Based on qualitative data from participant observation and interviews, this study examines how firefighters are socialized to manage feelings and emotional displays. It concludes that firefighters recognized a need to manage their own emotions and those of their clients in order to deliver adequate service. Veteran firefighters facilitated the use of emotion labor techniques among newcomers by considering the emotion management knowledge and capabilities of job candidates during employee selection processes, providing habituated emotional events, and reinforcing customer service expectations. Newcomers actively participated in their own socialization to local emotion expectations through observational information seeking, retrospective surveillance, and performance of a normative newcomer role demeanor. The article concludes by offering practical and theoretical implications.     

Research on children and television: A critique

This systematic content analysis compares local coverage of Hispanic‐American news across newspapers, radio and television in Southwest cities with substantial Hispanic populations. Story prominence, Hispanic representation and content are examined.     

A study of emotional labor in librarianship

Librarianship, like many occupations, requires emotional labor, which is an awareness of job requirements for emotional expression and the strategies used to express those emotions. Research on emotional labor suggests that performing emotional labor results in both positive and negative effects on individual outcomes, such as job satisfaction and job burnout. Since affective events are prevalent in library work and evidence suggests positive outcomes from emotional labor can be fostered, the ways emotional labor is performed in libraries should be studied. This research explores the key components of emotional labor: perceptions of display rules and the emotion regulation strategies of surface and deep acting. Data were collected from a sample of American librarians in 46 states from public, academic, special, and K–12 libraries who completed a survey. Bi-variate and multi-variate correlations, as well as ANOVAs, were used to test relationships among emotional labor constructs, job satisfaction, and job burnout. Results show evidence of significant associations with emotional labor among library employees in both the perception of display rules, as well as in surface and deep acting. Perception of display rules showed mixed results with job burnout and job satisfaction. Surface acting was found to be associated consistently with job burnout and decreased job satisfaction, while deep acting strategies were less strongly associated with negative outcomes. Findings suggest that library managers should clearly communicate display rule expectations to employees and work to build staff support to help meet those expectations. Library employees should be aware of occasions when they use surface acting and work to develop stronger deep acting techniques. The study contributes to an understanding of the influence of emotion management in the library workplace.     

情感劳动（Affective labor）的理论来源及国外研究进展

随着文化产品、知识和信息在社会中的加速流动,非物质劳动在今天占据着前所未有的重要地位。其中,情感劳动作为非物质劳动的主要方面引发了学理上和实践中的关注和讨论。然而目前国内学界尚未对情感劳动的理论资源作系统的梳理,对其应用实践也缺乏学术前沿的关照。本文在回溯情感劳动理论来源的基础上总结了国外学者对情感劳动的研究现状。目前,情感劳动的研究主要集中在三个方面:其一是对情感劳动的理论来源进行阐释及对该术语的局限性进行批判;其二是对情感劳动应用实践及其社会价值的探讨;其三则是对主体在情感劳动实践中受到的剥削及其抵抗的探索。前两个方面是学者们对情感劳动关注的重点。本文对国外情感劳动的相关研究进行了仔细梳理和反思,并对今后情感劳动的研究提出建议,以期能推动相关研究的进展。     

The secrets of failing better: Accessible publishing at SAGE. A case study

Key points

• Accessibility is often misunderstood as a concept that is niche or of secondary importance.
• Reframing accessibility as improving the overall user experience instantly changes the perspective; accessibility becomes a critical requirement worthy of investment and resources.
• The single most prevalent complaint amongst librarians is the time it takes to get hold of accessible content.
• An accessibility roadmap provides structure and transparency for digital accessibility projects within the organization.
• Publishers' non‐compliance with accessibility standards will increase their risk of sales declines and legal complications over time.
• The SAGE A.C.C.E.S.S.I.B.L.E mnemonic offers suggestions on how to devise a successful accessible publishing programme.

     

Knowledge sharing practices: A case study at Malaysia’s healthcare research institutes

The main objective of this study was to investigate the perception of the researchers and officers within the National Institutes of Health Malaysia (NIH) about their understanding of knowledge sharing practices in their respective environment. Questions included: what are the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the knowledge sharing practices in their respective institutions? What are the benefits for knowledge sharing practices as perceived by them? What are their perceived organisational knowledge sharing practices motivating factors? Also, what are the hindering factors? The survey of the researchers and officers of the NIH was distributed to 400 respondents from the six research institutes under NIH: Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Institute for Public Health (IPH), Network for Clinical Research Centres (CRC), Institute for Health Management (IHM), Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR) and Institute for Health Promotion (IHP). The responses indicated that knowledge sharing depends on the context of encouraging and rewarding the practices of organisational knowledge sharing. The findings suggest four factors – Environment and Infrastructure, Management Support, Culture and Technology – as significant determinants in influencing the organisational knowledge sharing practices among the employees. The study was limited to the perceptual aspect of the issue, specifically from the individuals’ opinions and sentiments.     

Collaboration with the Business Career Services Office: A case study at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

This article presents a case study of the collaboration between the Business Career Services Office (BCSO) and the Business and Economics Library (BEL) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The collaboration with BCSO helped BEL to become a strategic partner to both the College of Business and to graduate Business students. A survey instrument used for program assessment demonstrated that library instruction helped students to realize the benefits of using library resources for their research and to feel confident in their research skills. This article suggests that instructional collaboration with student services can be a powerful tool to demonstrate the role of academic librarian as pedagogical partner, both to classroom faculty and to other campus constituencies.     

CD-ROM project management: A case study

This article describes a CD-ROM test disc project planned to gain firsthand knowledge of the production process, and to deliver a disc that will be used to analyze the potential market for full-text publications on CD-ROM. It describes getting started in the field, details the project planning process, and explains how to gather resources, schedule the project, and develop a work breakdown schedule. In this kind of project,task definition andcollaboration with other organizations are the crucial components for success. Virginia Meade led the team that produced Bellcore’s first CD-ROM disc. She has worked as a senior project manager in the Information Management Services division at Bellcore for the past three years, and chaired the Information Technology district’s electronic publishing services group. Address for correspondence     

Library virtual tours: A case study

Virtual tours delivered via the Web have become a common tool for both instruction and outreach. This article is a case study of the creation of a virtual tour for a university library and is intended to provide others interested in creating a virtual tour of their library the opportunity to learn from the mistakes and successes of fellow librarians. Virtual tours can enhance a library's Web presence as well as provide much needed information to remote or prospective users.     

Improving approval plan performance: A case study

An efficient approval plan should enable libraries to save on acquisitions costs while achieving higher use satisfaction by making new materials available sooner. Two internal systems for handling approval plans are compared to show that approval plan performance can be improved significantly by taking full advantage of automation capabilities.     

Winning an election: A communication case study

The researcher studies a community in Ohio in an attempt to change previous voting behavior involving a tax levy. This case study offers a methodology for future research.     

Quality reference service: A preliminary case study

A general reference department achieved a high score on the Wisconsin-Ohio Reference Evaluation Program. Intensive use of electronic resources, a good reference collection, good architecture, administrative support, and, most importantly, adequate time provided by the consultation model contributed, in this case, to high-quality service.     

Change management in extremis: A case study

After 40 years under one manager, the Circulation Department at the Richard J. Daley Library was long past due for a change. The challenge of reorganizing included interesting and interrelated aspects: changes to workflows and assignments, moving staff and functions inside the department and across departments, and a deep dive into the culture to which staff had become habituated. Managers eliminated redundancies and increased services, effectiveness, productivity, and joy. This case study is a testament to how successful change happens with patience, respect, and a willingness to be flexible.     

Main public library building Cincinnati and Hamilton County: A critique

Inspired by the "Year of the Trustee" celebration, the article reviews educational opportunities afforded trusteei during the last decade or so in one state, Alabama, and offers suggestions for those planning educational activities at the local, state, or regional level. Conferences and workshops conducted for Alabama trustees by the state library agency (APLS) during the 1980s am discussed briefly, results of a survey of Alabama trustee's continuing education preferences am reported, and programs presented for trustees by the Alabama Library Association and the Southeastern Library Association during this period am listed as suggestions for program planners. After offering specific advice for those planning continuing education workshops, the article reports on workshops, videotapes, and speakers' kits available from ALTA, the American Library Trustee Association.