Tradition, tension, and transformation: a structuration analysis of a game warden service in transition

Independence and competence define the traditional characteristics of a game warden. External pressure to transform the game warden service into a more culturally and ethnically diverse state law enforcement agency, however, creates tensions surrounding these characteristics in the organization's structurationally defined agency and reflexivity of law enforcement; duality of structure in office memos and citation counts; social integration and institutional reproduction of law enforcement training, use of decoys, and search and seizure procedures; and time-space distanciation of working a 40-hour week or having complete responsibility for a territory. The present study examined how these tensions interact with the traditional assumptions of independence and competence to transform the meaning of these characteristics, and of the game warden service itself.     

Communication Skills,Social Support,and Burnout among Advocates in a Domestic Violence Agency

Intimate partner violence affects millions of lives annually. Domestic violence advocates work to alleviate this problem; yet the nature of the work leaves them vulnerable to negative outcomes such as burnout. This study examined the relationships between communication anxiety, communication competence, perceived social support, and feelings of burnout among domestic violence advocates. Results from a survey of 69 individuals recruited from a US domestic violence agency show the combination of communication anxiety, communication competence, perceived emotional support, and perceived informational support accounted for approximately 13% of the variance in advocates' emotional exhaustion and 21% of the variance in advocates' experiences of reduced personal accomplishment. Responses also differ with the advocate's position in the agency. The following recommendations are offered: develop scenario-based communication skills training programs to reduce communication anxiety and increase communication competence, hold regular debriefing meetings to help advocates process their experiences and to receive peer support, and develop formalized mentoring programs that can provide social support for new workers.     

档案工作中“双随机一公开”行政执法模式的应用与探讨——以广西壮族自治区的实践为例

“双随机一公开”是政府管理方式的改革创新,是落实党中央、国务院简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革的战略部署的重要举措。将这一举措引入档案行政执法工作中,可较好地解决档案部门开展行政执法工作存在的检查“任性”、执法不公、执法不严、执法程序不规范等问题,对提升档案行政执法的公平性、规范性和有效性起到促进作用。本文通过研究广西档案部门推进“双随机一公开”行政执法模式采取的措施、取得的成效及存在问题,有针对性地提出完善“双随机一公开”档案行政执法模式的对策,以期有效推进档案工作“依法治档”的治理体系和治理能力的提升。     

The Communication of Solidarity in Friendships among African American Women

Data from 60 qualitative interviews reveal the presence of racial tensions in 21st-century United States. Black participants expressed experiencing racial prejudice while operating automobiles. White passengers also reported witnessing instances of driving while Black (DWB) while riding with Black drivers. Specifically, White participants reported instances of profiling, where they witnessed Black drivers pulled over by police officers, although no traffic violation occurred. Two themes emerged for Black participants: (a) fear that they would be pulled over, and (b) motivation to “survive” the law enforcement encounter. Participants’ experiences insinuate a continued racial tension between Black citizens and White law enforcement officers. While the United States has made valuable strides, we still have prejudices to overcome.     

Diagnosing Pathogenic Eschatology

In this essay, we explain the function and forms of prophetic Western end-time narratives that take a violent turn. We begin by describing how relatively benign end-time stories function for their adherents by analyzing the book of Daniel. Then, we analyze the end-time prophecy of David Koresh at the height of federal law enforcement pressure on his disciples in order to explain how relatively benign eschatology can take a pathogenic turn. In this pathogenic turn, the false prophet redirects the agency of teleological fulfillment away from God to himself and adherents. Implications for dealing with groups motivated by pathogenic Western end-time narratives are discussed in light of these arguments.     

TweetStorm in #ferguson: How News Organizations Framed Dominant Authority,Anti-Authority,and Political Figures in a Restive Community

After Officer Darren Wilson fatally shot African American teen Michael Brown in August 2014, rioters unleashed their anger on the streets of Ferguson, Missouri. Using content analysis and framing theory, this study analyzed how news organizations covered events in Ferguson on Twitter over the course of a month immediately following the shooting. Protesters were framed as troublemakers; but community leaders were not framed as “rabble-rousers.” Journalists continued to rely on official sources more than alternate sources in spite of criticism of law enforcement and other political elites, but nearly 10% of the coded tweets that relied on official sources included some element of skepticism. Tweets from cable news outlets did not show partisan bias in any significant amount; and traditional legacy news media sources utilized the Twitter platform enhancements—such as article links, photos, links to other content, or hashtags—more than their new digital media counterparts. As Twitter launched #ferguson into the national consciousness, it is quite plausible that the framing of the tweets by news agencies may have molded perceptions of larger issues about the racial health of the nation, established policies of law enforcement, and the challenge of elected leaders to resolve explosive domestic problems.     

图书馆开展游戏服务研究

游戏服务是美国图书馆近几年兴起的一种新型服务方式。图书馆的游戏从主体上可以分为图书馆服务型、教育型两大类型。图书馆的游戏服务具有吸引青少年读者、提升教育职能、提高读者信息素养、加强读者间联系等价值。我国图书馆在开展游戏服务时应该转变传统观念,正确开发和选择游戏,寻求多方支持,开展游戏主题系列活动等。     

论国家治理视域下的档案行政执法体制改革

档案行政执法体制改革不仅是依法治档的重要组成部分,也是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的现实需要.当前,国家治理背景下的档案行政执法被赋予了新的内涵:执法主体多元化、执法方式多样化、执法理念开放性.在档案行政执法体制改革的过程中,应当把握的原则性和框架性的内容是:构建权责清晰、协调配合的档案行政执法体系;推进档案执法重心下移,实现档案行政执法的合法性;完善档案行政执法有效监管体系;建设高素质的档案行政执法队伍.     

美国图书馆数字游戏服务案例研究及启示

通过对美国图书馆数字游戏服务现状和具体案例进行调研, 并就所调研图书馆数字游戏进行亲身体验,得出当前美国图书馆数字游戏服务的整体现状与特点:提供数字游戏服务的图书馆以高校图书馆为主, 以信息素养教育为目的游戏所占比例较大, 游戏难度相对较低, 成功率通关率较高.并且, 将图书馆数字游戏服务划分为5种类型:在线问答类型游戏、情景模拟类型游戏、角色扮演类型游戏、虚拟现实类型游戏以及社交类型游戏, 并就每种类型游戏的特点进行阐述.最后, 给出图书馆开展数字游戏服务所应注意的方面与建议, 包括保证游戏界面简单易操作, 对游戏中嵌入重要概念的环节关卡进行过关控制, 保证游戏的趣味性, 加强游戏过程中的操作反馈以及注重前期测试反馈和后期评估.     

大学图书馆游戏化服务实践与思考

[目的/意义] 研究与探索合适的图书馆游戏化服务模式,以便增强图书馆的宣传推广和在线教育能力。[方法/过程] 以武汉大学图书馆为例,阐述游戏化服务的实施过程和特色之处,探索如何将图书馆游戏与服务有机结合,建立图书馆游戏化服务的长效机制。[结果/结论] 通过推行游戏化服务,武汉大学图书馆的相关宣传推广活动获得更多读者关注,取得较好效果。然而从游戏本身的角度来说,内容不够丰富,形式还比较简单,涉及的服务也较单一。今后图书馆游戏化服务将有广阔的发展前景。     

论增强图书馆公共服务的主创性

图书馆工作要由传统的被动、静态、一元、平面、单向服务转为主动、动态、多元、立体、双向服务;增强主创性是保持图书馆工作影响力、生命力、推动力、吸引力之所系;在增强主创性的过程中,应着重考虑实施策略的营销化、服务理念的人本化、服务对象的全民化、规划设计的战略化的问题;其着力点是政府、社团组织、馆员、读者多方联动,形成合力。     

The role of occupational identity in negotiating traumatic experiences: the case of a rural fire department

Firefighters are routinely exposed to situations involving contact with deceased or injured children, burned and seriously injured bodies, and high-uncertainty calls. Thus, many firefighters suffer debilitating consequences including depression, dysfunctional drinking, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Using an identity tensions framework, we sought to understand the challenges firefighters encounter as they cope with exposure to traumatic events. We interviewed 27 members of a rural fire department and used a constant comparative method to analyze their responses. We found trauma was induced when occupational identity intersected futile situations and those involving children; tensions emerged between traditional and newer, emergent firefighting cultures; and firefighters experience tensions in negotiating how and when to express emotion. Based on these findings, we offer a number of practical implications centering on an occupational identity tensions framework to encourage reflexivity in firefighters and moving beyond older, enduring stereotypes of what it means to be a firefighter.     

日本图书馆界参与实施著作权法的研究与借鉴

当代图书馆活动与著作权法的矛盾日益突出。围绕著作权法的修订，图书馆和著作权拥有者的争论不断。考察日本图书馆界参与著作权法的修订、实施及其对图书馆信息服务的影响，对于我们把握著作权法与图书馆工作的关系，具有重要借鉴价值。     

建立游戏馆藏的意义、策略与挑战

[目的/意义] 介绍游戏馆藏的概念,论证图书馆将游戏作为信息资源进行馆藏的意义和具体实施方法。[方法/过程] 分别从读者群体、游戏产业、图书馆角度论证图书馆建立游戏馆藏的可行性,并从馆藏游戏筛选、馆藏服务类型两个方面论述游戏馆藏构建的内容与方法。最后针对游戏馆藏可能出现的问题提出一些应对建议。[结果/结论] 明确图书馆将游戏作为数字资源特色馆藏会带来的积极意义,为图书馆建立游戏馆藏的具体活动提供一些指导性意见。指出图书馆在建立游戏馆藏的同时应通过宣传引导、多方谈判、广泛合作、人才培养、馆藏融合等方式处理好来自传统观念、版权、资金、管理、教育性等方面的问题,最终向读者提供形式新颖、寓教于乐的馆藏资源与服务。     

Coping with [R]evolution in Online Games: Vulnerability and Resilience Responses to Change in MMO Game Expansions

Massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) often introduce new content and mechanics to increase player retention and enjoyment. Drawing on theories of socioecological risk response, this exploratory study examines players’ in situ responses to these changes by analyzing patterns in public, in-game chat across 3 game expansions. Analysis reveals that a) change facilitates agenda setting in player chat, b) vulnerability and resilience expressions highlight tensions in player and game agencies, and c) increased semantic distance between the game and the “real” helps cope with game changes. In addition, sociotechnical affordances of MMO environments could be a mechanism for coping with change, more generally.     

A place to call home?: A qualitative exploration of public librarians' response to homelessness

Labeled “third-sector” community organizations, public libraries serve homeless individuals by default. Using focus group interview data with library personnel, this qualitative study explored how public libraries in 8 urban and suburban communities in one Midwestern state perceived and served homeless patrons. Three themes emerged: (1) the recognition that libraries serve as makeshift shelters, (2) the inconsistent implementation of code of conduct policy regarding homeless patrons; and (3) innovative “under the radar” responses by administration and staff to resolve the tensions enacted by the presence of homeless persons in library facilities. Recommendations for staff training, internal policy revision, and enhanced collaboration between social service agency and public library staff are provided.     

图书馆企业信息服务:大英图书馆的实践经验及启示

完善我国公共图书馆企业信息服务建设,可以充分发挥其商业支持和创新支撑的社会经济价值。通过文献调查法、网络调查法和案例分析法调研大英图书馆企业信息服务现状,发现大英图书馆设置了专门机构提供多样化的商业信息支持和丰富的咨询及培训项目,其工作开展具有重视度高、体系成熟,层层递进、各有偏重,各界合作、共建服务的特点。参考大英图书馆服务建设模式,我国公共图书馆应从建设中心、发展分馆,丰富资源、开发指南,转变角色、支持创新,细分用户、按需服务出发开展企业信息服务建设。     

Bureaucratic Compliance with Mexico's New Access to Information Law

We analyze government document custodians' attitudes and behaviors in order to assess the prospects of a new access to information law establishing a citizen's right-to-know in Mexico. The Mexican law is considered one of the best in the hemisphere in terms of broad access and workable enforcement provisions. However, no extra resources were allotted to government agencies for compliance with the law; the country's traditional bureaucratic incentive structures support closure rather than access; and bureaucrats' views on the uses of government information prior to democratization suggest an instrumental approach guided organizational incentives rather than generalized support for either secrecy or access as a principle. We argue that missing or unclear political will at the top is the strongest challenge to Mexico's emerging right to know.     

Disciplined freedom,branded authenticity,and dependable independence: how tensions enact flexibility in lifestyle blogging careers

Analyzing 219 blog posts from 52 self-employed women lifestyle bloggers in North America, this study shows how these digital professionals navigate tensions and communicatively constitute work flexibility. In their narratives, women bloggers employed tension management approaches such as reframing, continual connections, and reflective practice in response to tensions in enacting temporal–spatial, identity, and financial flexibility. Specifically, women followed oxymoronic constructions – disciplined freedom, branded authenticity, and dependable independence – to embrace and transform competing poles of fluidity?structure, authenticity?marketability, and independence?interconnection. Expanding work–life research to the self-employed digital labor context, this study responds to recent calls to uncover more-than tension management strategies in empirical settings and contributes to a tension-centered, contextual, and processual analysis of workplace flexibility construction.     

Masculinity(s), the agrarian frontier myth, and cooperative ways of organizing: contradictions and tensions in the experience and enactment of democracy

This study explores how members of the Nebraska Cooperative Council and its constituent producer-owned cooperatives understand and enact democratic ideologies, drawing particular attention to how emergent contradictions and tensions are experienced and managed. The Council serves as a particularly rich context in which to explore traditionally feminine ways of organizing (i.e., cooperative enactment) in a historically male-dominated arena (i.e., agriculture). The dialectic of independence and solidarity became a revealing prism through which to make sense of how members enact cooperative life. This dialectic manifests itself in the discourse of cooperative life as members struggle to manage tensions between efficiency and participation, equality and equity, and the paradox of agency. Communication theorizing about gendered organizing and the history of American agrarianism is used to explore intersections between the social construction of masculinity(s), the agrarian frontier myth, and tensions embedded in the discourse of cooperative organizing.