Reward or persuasion? The battle to define the meaning of a citation

The history and development of the Science Citation Index (SCI) is an example of the power of users in defining and influencing the development of a new technology. The SCI was developed as a tool for the historian of science for the purpose of tracing the history of ideas, but it was appropriated by users for purposes for which it was unintended – as a tool for evaluating the literature, individuals, institutions, and countries. The development of a citation tool gave rise to a debate over what is actually measured by citations. The citation‐as‐reward camp views citations as indicators of quality and impact, whereas the citation‐as‐persuasion camp views citations as no more than rhetorical devices. While neither view can fully explain how authors use citations, citation‐as‐reward prevails as the dominant interpretation.     

THE NEWS-GENERATING MACHINE

This paper examines the reporter–source interview in television news production. The starting point is that the interview as part of news production is largely ignored as a subject of research, especially considering its central importance in journalism. The interview is usually looked at as a method to gain information from interviewees. This study looks at the interview in a more constructivist way. The central claim is that the interview functions as a “news-generating machine” that compels replies from interviewees that can be used as raw material for news stories. The article brings forth the importance of the “pre-interview”, it examines and exemplifies standard question strategies, such as negative questions, and how the interviewee replies are edited and represented as news. In doing so, the article also shows how certain questions’ strategies are linked with the making of such common news frames as “the problem frame”, “the attraction” and “psychological news narratives”.     

论服务型政府背景下政府信息公开的目标取向

政府信息公开的基本目标是使公众获得政府信息,这一基本目标包含三个方面的具体内容,即政府信息获取主体广泛性、政府信息获取方式便捷性与政府信息获取客体有效性。三者构成了服务型政府背景下政府信息公开的目标取向,符合服务型政府下公共服务的特点与要求,代表着政府信息公开未来发展的趋势。     

The Anonymity Effect: The Influence of Anonymity on Perceptions of Sources and Information on Health Websites

The study reported here examined the influence of anonymous sources on health websites on the perceptions and attitudes of information seekers. It was hypothesized that, despite the warnings and guidelines established by health organizations, anonymous sources would be perceived to be as credible and influential as sources that were identified. The anonymity effect, drawn from the similarity principle in attribution theory, was forwarded as a theoretical mechanism to explain responses to anonymous sources. The results indicated that anonymous sources were generally perceived by participants to be as credible and influential as identified sources, although the anonymity effect explanation was not supported. The implications of these findings for information seekers and health practitioners are considered.     

Intelligence：企业信息资源工作的另一视角

认知视角影响着企业信息资源工作的方式和绩效;信息（Information）是信息资源认知的基石,也是理解企业信息资源工作的传统视角;指出信息、情报、智能、Information以及Intelligence等概念之间既对立又统一的中、英文互译关系以及在认知上的变迁发展,认为Information和Intelligence是认知企业信息资源工作的两种视角并指出这两种视角的演变过程;企业信息资源工作具有Intelligence属性。     

The Anonymity Effect: The Influence of Anonymity on Perceptions of Sources and Information on Health Websites

The study reported here examined the influence of anonymous sources on health websites on the perceptions and attitudes of information seekers. It was hypothesized that, despite the warnings and guidelines established by health organizations, anonymous sources would be perceived to be as credible and influential as sources that were identified. The anonymity effect, drawn from the similarity principle in attribution theory, was forwarded as a theoretical mechanism to explain responses to anonymous sources. The results indicated that anonymous sources were generally perceived by participants to be as credible and influential as identified sources, although the anonymity effect explanation was not supported. The implications of these findings for information seekers and health practitioners are considered.     

The Geac Acquisitions System as a source of management information

The University of Houston-University Park Libraries have been using the Geac Acquisitions System since September 1984. The system supplies management information in the areas of fund accounting, vendor performance, collection development, order control, and system management. Benefits, such as comprehensive versus summary reports, as well as shortcomings, such as length and paging of reports, were noted.     

图书馆:城市的“第三空间”

“第三空间”理论兴起并成功践行,图书馆作为城市“第三空间”的提法成了共识,图书馆作为城市“第三空间”的价值表现在:既是城市的文化场所,又是城市休闲所在,应从多方面倾力打造作为城市“第三空间”的图书馆.     

The psycho‐physical determinants of voice quality

This study revealed that trait communication apprehension, as measured by the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA‐24), correlates significantly with state anxiety, as measured by the Spielberger state anxiety measure, in each of four contexts. The multiple correlation between PRCA and state anxiety across four situational contexts was .69. The results are interpreted as consistent with the theoretical relationships advanced and as supportive of the PRCA as a cross‐situational predictive instrument.     

作为场所的图书馆:再思考与展望

简要回顾作为场所的图书馆的价值,介绍信息技术、网络技术、虚拟图书馆的发展和冲击导致人们对图书馆场所价值的怀疑。论述作为场所的现代图书馆的价值和意义,将取决于图书馆在社会中的价值和作用,强调对图书馆的场所功能的创新与拓展,并对图书馆场所的功能如何创新进行了思考和展望。     

Public libraries: A meeting place for immigrant women?

The potential role of the public library in the lives of immigrant women is elicited by in-depth interviews with nine female immigrants to Norway from Iran, Afghanistan, and Kurdistan. The research utilizes social capital theory, the concepts of communities of practice and legitimate peripheral participation, as well as the concepts of high intensive versus low intensive meeting places. The results indicate that the library plays different roles in the different stages in the respondents' experiences as immigrants. It allows for legitimate peripheral participation when the immigrants move from observing at a distance to more active participation. The library functions as a high intensive as well as a low intensive meeting place and seems to contribute to building social capital in a variety of ways.     

关于建立图书馆发展基金会的思考

从设立图书馆发展基金会的必要性、基金会的主要作用、基金会的运作和对基金会 的社会管理等方面探讨了建立图书馆发展基金会的可能性。     

后现代档案学理论的思想实质研究

作为档案学演进的一股重要潮流,后现代档案学已成为继古典档案学与现代档案学之后的又一创新性理论样态。探析后现代档案学理论的思想实质是理解与深化这一理论样态的重要基础。后现代档案学理论的思想实质体现在其理论批判性、思维更新性和多元主张性。其中,理论批判是后现代档案学理论的基本立足点,区别于传统档案学理论的僵化模式;思维更新是后现代档案学理论的发展活力源泉,区别于传统档案学理论的固有认知;多元主张是后现代档案学理论的认识论与方法论基础,区别于传统档案学理论的确定性倡导。     

Effect of Multiculturalism and Automation on Public Library Collection Development and Technical Services

SUMMARY

The Internet, as well as the proliferation of online resources available for purchase, has significantly changed collection management from selection to acquisitions to cataloging and processing. The nature of this work has become much more complex as our communities have become more culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse, as the number of information delivery mechanisms has increased, and as library consumers' expectations for speed of receipt of information have accelerated.     

Web 2.0 use by librarians

The current research explores whether librarians, whose main work focuses on information, are familiar with new technological changes and innovations, and whether they make use of different Web 2.0 applications. The research examines whether personality characteristics (resistance to change, cognitive appraisal, empowerment and extroversion or introversion), as well as computer expertise, motivation, importance and capacity towards studying and integrating different applications of Web 2.0 in future, influence librarians' use of Web 2.0. Different questionnaires were distributed to 168 randomly Israeli librarians throughout the country. The research revealed that personality characteristics as well as computer expertise, motivation, importance and capacity towards studying and integrating different applications of Web 2.0 in the future, influence librarians' use of Web 2.0. These findings have theoretical as well as practical implications.     

地方高校图书馆学术性机构建设支撑点的研究-以山西财经大学图书馆为例

我国高等教育体制和科技体制改革的不断深化,为地方高校图书馆开展知识创新和服务创新提供了更加宽广的空间,图书馆不再只是担当文献服务的角色,而是同时担负起为高校教学科研和地方经济建设提供文献信息利用与知识转化服务的重任,科学、高效、创造性强的高校图书馆学术性机构建设成为了研究的焦点。就目前发展情况而言,地方高校图书馆学术性机构建设应着重抓四个支撑点:以研究所(室)为基地,推动学术性机构的建设;以科研项目为纽带,牵动学术性机构的建设;以学科建设为驱动,带动学术性机构建设;以管理制度为保障,完善学术性机构建设。     

图书馆学基础理论的再探讨

文章主要就图书馆学基础理论的基本含义、研究现状、基础理论的作用与地位、研究对象、内容、体系、图书馆学基础理论与理论基础、图书馆哲学等问题进行探讨。     

试论当代图书馆服务中的人文精神

图书馆学作为人文科学,与人文精神始终是密不可分的。图书馆人文精神实质上就是对以读者为主要对象的人性诉求的思考,是对人的价值、尊严、生存意义和生存质量的关注,是对真善美的追求。本文正是从人文精神的涵义入手,论述了图书馆服务中的人文精神及其实践途径。     

网络广播电视融入图书馆服务之探讨

网络广播电视时效性强、传播范围广、服务项目多、互动性强、资源共享、易检索等优势给图书馆服务带来了广阔的发展空间。图书馆开发利用网络广播电视这一新媒体资源,提供网络广播电视导航系统服务、视频信息在线点播服务、专题节目播放服务、音视频信息远程服务、音视频信息数据库服务及视障用户的特需服务。     

独立学院图书馆建设的实践总结和思考

对独立学院图书馆建设的起点和定位、独立学院图书馆的办馆理念,从理论层面进行了总结。思考了独立学院图书馆服务体系的构建、读者服务工作的开展以及推进图书馆建设等问题。