Amount of communication in marital dyads as a function of dyad and individual marital satisfaction

Research is reported which examines the relationship between marital satisfaction and amount of communication in a marital dyad. Consideration is given to various topics of communication which are commonly addressed by marital dyads and to the impact of biological sex on these relationships. Results indicate that highly satisfied couples engage in significantly m ore communication, particularly on certain topics, than do less satisfied couples. Couples with low satisfaction levels engage in a low level of communication on most of the topics which are commonly addressed by married couples. Speculation concerning causation is addressed.     

Perceiving and responding to interpersonal conflict

This study explores the perceptions of and responses to the content and relationship levels of interpersonal conflict. Most subjects perceived both levels of the conflict. Gender and cognitive complexity were found to relate to the number and, in some cases, the types of responses produced by subjects.     

从冲突到对话--评传播研究典范:结构功能主义、政治经济学与文化研究

本文旨在论述过去几十年曾主导美国传播研究、并仍在影响今天研究的3种典范 :结构功能主义、政治经济学和文化研究 ,分析这 3种传播研究典范与当时美国社会背景、历史状况及主流社会思潮间的关系 ,并回顾每种典范的代表人物 ,探讨每一典范的解释及存在的缺陷 ,以寻求典范之间对话与沟通的空间     

数字图书馆建设中的伦理冲突与协调

近几年来，我国数字图书馆建设得到迅速发展，但也存在着信息共享与知识产权保护、信息开放与隐私权保护、信息自由与安全、信息真实与虚假、信息有偿服务与无偿服务等伦理冲突问题。为了保证数字图书馆建设持续、健康地进行，应从构建伦理规范、促进技术和谐发展、增强主体自律意识和加强信息安全教育等方面加以协调和处理。     

Communication Scholars' Communication and Relationship with their IRBs

Using grounded theory, 57 narratives of communication scholars detailing their experiences and relationships with institutional review boards (IRBs) were examined. From this analysis, 24 concepts emerged constituting five larger categories characterizing the communication relationship between communication scholars and IRBs: antagonistic actions of IRBs, negative perceptions of IRBs, actions of researchers, positive perceptions of IRBs, and protagonistic actions of IRBs. Results indicate that the main difference between positive and negative experiences with IRBs was associated with the nature of the relationship between scholars and IRBs. Scholars who saw their IRBs as adversarial bureaucracies had the most negative experiences, whereas scholars who saw their IRBs as partners in the research process had the most positive experiences. Recommendations for how both IRBs and researchers can improve their relationships conclude this essay.     

A critical examination of sex differences in marital communication

Despite the persistence of sex‐typed images of the expressivity of wife and husband, past observational studies have given little indication of sex‐linked differences in marital communication. Thus, we proposed that inter personally negotiated role expectations would be a better predictor of communication about marital conflict than sex. However, we also proposed that there might be sex differences within particular clusters of couples who endorse sex‐differentiated role expectations. Couples were classified into groups using Fitzpatrick's (1983) typology. The results of two studies indicated that couple type was significantly related to communication about marital conflict; however, there were neither any clear overall sex differences in communication nor sex differences within couple types. Rather, the results indicated that conflict styles are so strongly reciprocal that mutual influence within conversations tends to remove individual speaker differences. The research suggests that mutual influence processes and mutually established beliefs and expectations account for conflict styles more adequately than biological sex.     

性别与传播

本文介绍了“性别传播”研究这一传播学“边缘”学科的历史兴起、研究领域及其对传统学科的挑战。它 70年代兴起于西方 ,有三个最主要的研究领域———女性传播者、传播内容、女性受众。需要强调的是“性别”一词特指社会性别 (gender) ,而非生物性别 (sex)。性别研究进入传播学研究的时间虽不长 ,却因其独特性和批判性而占据了一席之地     

试论传播学研究的多元方法

本文分析了镜式、灯式、神话式等三种传播研究方式,认为我国传播学研究存在三种态势,建议我国的传播学研究走“学术趣味”+“现实关怀”的道路。     

Sex equity in workplace conflict management

Three hundred two managers and employees from eleven different organizations were investigated to determine whether there was a significant difference in the selection of conflict management strategies based on: 1) the sex of the respondent; 2) the sex of the other person; and 3) the sex of the supervisor. The results indicated: a) females were no more compromising nor any less competitive than males; b) respondents report using different strategies in a narrative question than they do answering a self‐report, checklist questionnaire.     

论历时文献传播与共时文献传播的叠加共存与相互转化

历时文献传播与共时文献传播是文献传播的两大基本类型,它们二者可以叠加共存,并且可以互相包容和转化.历时文献传播与共时文献传播正在互相融合、互相转化中互相提升,使文献传播具有更强大的影响和更长久的生命力.     

分众与聚众的冲突与互动

本文将“分众”与“聚众”作为两个独立传播形态来探讨,侧重研究在传播过程中如何把控好分众传播与聚众传播的取舍,厘清两者的范围关系,警示当前过分强调受众“碎片化”趋势的现状,避免走入盲目分众的误区。     

网络传播对文献传播的影响及其发展趋向

本文在分析网络传播新特点的基础上，详细论述了网络传播对文献传播各环节和各要素的深刻影响，并对这些影响所导致的二者未来格局的变化做了一些思考，同时提出了作者的一些看法和建议。     

论健康传播兼及对中国健康传播的展望

21世纪是充满希望的世纪,从20世纪走来的人类社会在不断征服自然的同时,也在不断地向自身极限挑战。阿波罗登月计划的成功、高智能电子计算机的广泛应用、人类基因组草图的问世,无不是令人振奋的巨大进步。在与疾病作斗争的路途上,人类     

Communication

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: VISIONS AND REALITIES edited by William H. Dutton (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996— price not given, ISBN 0–19–877459–1 hard, 0–19–877496–6 paper, 464 pp., figures, tables, notes, bibliography, index)

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS by J. Vernon Jensen (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$49.95/ 27.50, ISBN 0–8058–2035–3 hard, 0–8058–2036–1 paper, 236 pp., notes, bibliography, index)

TEXT ANALYSIS FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: METHODS FOR DRAWING STATISTICAL INFERENCES. FROM TEXTS AND TRANSCRIPTS edited by Carl W. Roberts (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$74.50/ 34.95, ISBN 0–8058–1734–4 hard, 0–8058–1735–2 paper, 316 pp., charts, notes, references, index)

TOTAL PROPAGANDA: FROM MASS CULTURE TO POPULAR CULTURE by Alex Edelstein (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997—$79.95/29.95, ISBN 0–8058–0892–2 hard, 0–8058–0892–2 paper, 345 pp., notes, index)

RELIGION, AND CULTURE by Stewart M. Hoover and Knut Lundby (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997‐$24.95, paper, ISBN 0–7619–0171‐X, 332 pp.. notes, index)     

Foreign and International Communication

Approaches to Communication Planning edited by John Middleton (1980, 300 pp.)

Communication Planning for Development: An Operational Framework by Alan Hancock (1981, 198 pp.)

Impact of Modern Communication Technology I: Australia, by Chris Duke (n.d., 122 pp.)

Impact of Modern Communication Technology II: Indonesia (n.d., 72 pp)

Flow of News in the Gulf, by Phil Harris, et al. (n.d., 70 pp.)

Protection of Journalists (no author, n.d., but 142 pp.)

82. The Book in Multilingual Countries by Abul Masan (1978, 40 pp.)

83. National Communication Polic Councils: Principles and Experiences by M.A. Rodrigues Dias, et al. (1979. 44 pp.)

84. Mass Media: The Image, Role, and Social Conditions of Women: A Collection and Analysis of Research Materials (1979, 78 pp.)

85. News Values and Principles of Cross-Cultural Communication (1980, 51 pp.)

(86) Special Issue: Mass Media Codes of Ethics and Councils: A Comprehensive International Study on Professional Standards by J. Clement Jones (1980, 80 pp.)

87. Communication in the Community (this title not yet seen)

88. Rural Journalism in Africa by Paul Ansah, et al. (1981, 35 pp.)

89. The SACl/EXERN Project in Brazil: An Analytical Case Study by Emile G. Mc- Anany et al. (1981, 46 pp.)

90. Community Communications: The Role of Community Media in Development by Frances Berrigan (1981, 50 pp.)

1. Historical Development of Media Systems–Japan by Shinichi Ito, et al. (1979, 69 pp.)

2. Historical Development of Media Systems–German Democratic Republic by Emil Dusiska (1979, 35 pp.)

3. Communication Indicators I: Communication Indicators and Indicators of Socio-Economic Development by Rita Cruise O'Brien, et al. (1979, 96 pp.)

4. Communication Indicators II: 100 Years of Mass Communication in Germany by Anton Galli, et al. (1979, 28 pp.)

5. Sccio-Economic and CommunicatioA Indicators in Development Planning: A Case Study of Iran by Majid Tehranian (n.d., 126 pp.)

6. Communication Methods to Promote Grass-Roots Participation by Jeremiah O'Sullivan-Ryan (n.d., 155 pp.)

7. Importation of Films for Cinema and Television in Egypt by Gehan Rachty (n.d., 77 pp.)

Reporting of International News and Roles of the Gatekeepers (1980) is a summary of two late 1979 meetings on the subject in Paris. (18 pp.)

Intergovernmental Conference on Communication Policies in Africa (1981, 81 pp. plus 47 page working paper for same meeting)

Intergovernmental Conference for Co-operation on Activities, Needs and Programmes for Communication Development (1980, 65 pp. plus 32 page working paper)

List of Documents and Publications in the Field of Mass Communication 1979 (no. 5 in the series, 1980, 187 pp.)

Mass Media and the Transnational Corporation by Basskaran Nair (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1980—$12.50/7.50)

Mass Media and National Cultures, by the International Association for Mass Communication Research (Leicester, U.K.: Adam Bros., and Shardlow Ltd., 1980—price not known, paper)

Organisations Internationales et Regionales de Journalistes [International and Regional Organizations of Journalists] (Prague: International Organization of Journalists, 1980—price, if any, not given, paper)

Bruce L. Cook, Understanding Pictures in Papua New Guinea (David C. Cook Foundation, Cook Square, Elgin, Ill. 60120—$8.95, paper)

Paul Lendvai, The Bureaucracy of Truth: How Communist Governments Manage the News (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981—$24.75)     

Information and Information Communication

The inextricably linked concepts of “information” and “information communication” are discussed. Information about some entity is defined as details about its properties reflected in material processes and objects or in the response of systems with purposeful activity. It is asserted that information is manifested only in the process of information communication. The steps of this process are considered. In particular, the processes of information transfer studied by C. Shannon are presented as elements of the stage of reflection of information communication. The aspects of “information support” of typical processes of activity, inherent in a particular subject domain, that must be recognized and studied, are determined. The list of the basic concepts connected with the concept of “information” is given.     

自存储与期刊出版的版权冲突与协调

随着国际范围内开放存取运动的发展,自存储受到了国际范围内的政策支持,在作者中推广很快.但自存储的发展与期刊出版的版权政策产生了一定的冲突.在调研版权政策冲突表现的基础上,为了协调二者之间的关系,提出应正确看待自存储对期刊出版的影响;期刊应制定允许自存储的版权政策;可以在涉及自存储的版权政策中设置一定限制措施以维护出版者利益;制定相关作者版权协议维护作者权利;期刊可以与开放仓储开展合作等.     

图书馆员的角色冲突及其调适研究

通过认知角色冲突和角色冲突原因及冲突表现的分析研究,提出图书馆员要认清角色定位,不断进行自身角色调遁、社会调遁、图书馆调适,进而增强角色的适应能力,实现缩短角色期望差距,减少角色冲突的产生。     

试论图书馆组织中的冲突管理

冲突是组织中常见的一种对抗性的人际互动形式。本阐述了冲突的分类、形成原因和过程及一般处理模式，提出图书馆的冲突管理策略。