医学编辑出版工作中的知情同意问题

知情同意是保护患者和医学实验中人体受试者权利的重要手段.自20世纪中期以来,越来越多的国家开始重视在医学治疗中实行知情同意的制度.如何在医学出版中做到知情同意,最大限度地保护患者或人体受试者的权利,是医学出版界的重要课题.     

Public intervention in the access to advanced telecommunication services: Assessing its theoretical economic basis

Any public intervention in the access to advanced telecommunications services should be based on one or more of the causes that justify State intervention in industry activities. More importantly, the opportunity and magnitude of the intervention should be directly related to the intensity with which such causes appear and, among these, to the one considered predominant.There are four “market failure” groups: inherent to the good (public goods, merit goods, externalities), referred to the market situation (failure of competition, incomplete markets, information failures), regarding the incidence in the economical development, and last, based on equity.We have analyzed the presence of these “justifying” causes in telecommunications on a general level, and particularly with regard to new infrastructures and services, and concluded that the greater part of these circumstances could justify public intervention. The assessment made of them provides a strict basis on which to construct every opinion this debate can generate.     

The chief information officer (CIO): assessing its impact

The Information Technology Management Reform Act (ITMRA) of 1996 (P.L. 104–106) established the position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) in the executive branch agencies. Executive Order 13011 (1966), “Federal Information Technology,” created the CIO Council and offers yet additional detail on the responsibilities and duties of the CIO. After three years since these efforts, there is an important need to assess the CIO program at both a government-wide and agency level to: (1) make “mid-stream” corrections that might be needed to continue the government’s efforts to improve information technology management and policy; (2) identify specific costs and benefits of the program, and; (3) review the existing policy basis for the CIO program and assess the need to revise that language. Such an evaluation effort should be undertaken as soon as possible.     

Attitudes among German- and English-Speaking Librarians toward (Automatic) Subject Indexing

The survey described in this article investigates the attitudes of librarians in German- and English-speaking countries toward subject indexing in general, and automatic subject indexing in particular. The results show great similarity between attitudes in both language areas. Respondents agree that the current quality standards should be upheld and dismiss critical voices claiming that subject indexing has lost relevance. With regard to automatic subject indexing, respondents demonstrate considerable skepticism—both with regard to the likely timeframe and the expected quality of such systems. The author considers how this low acceptance poses a difficulty for those involved in change management.     

Redundant Encoding in Data Visualizations: Assessing Perceptual Accuracy and Speed

While a number of studies in data visualization have investigated perceptual accuracies of visual encoding types, far less is known on the often-assumed benefits of redundant encoding, where multiple visual properties represent the same data. In this study, we conduct experiments to measure the perceptual accuracy and speed of redundant encodings of value on position, length, angle, and area. Our results demonstrate that the redundant addition of value to more accurate encoding types neither enhances nor detracts from perceptual judgments. We conclude that the neutrality of redundant value encoding can serve an important role in a designer's decision making and add visual interest to an infographic without impeding accuracy or speed.     

河南省不同社会群体的数字鸿沟及其跨越

论文通过对河南省不同社会群体之间数字鸿沟现状的调查，分析了产生这一鸿沟的原因，并从理论上提出了消弭这一数字鸿沟的方法。     

On archival pluralism: what religious pluralism (and its critics) can teach us about archives

Recent work has stressed the importance of pluralism in archival education, practice, and research. By examining the promises and perils of pluralism as it has been constructed in another field—religion—this article analyzes, expands, and delineates the notion of archival pluralism in a way that helps form the conceptual foundation for further work on pluralistic approaches to archival education, theory and practice. More specifically, it argues that archival pluralism can learn from four basic principles of religious pluralism—energetic engagement, understanding, strengthened commitment, and dialog—while at the same time avoiding four major perils: claims of universality, inattention to power, silencing dissent, and collapsing of difference. First, this article presents a brief discourse analysis tracing the emergence and development of archival pluralism in the literature to date. Next, turning to how pluralism has been constructed in another field, this article gives a brief overview of conceptions of religious pluralism using the work of two of its most prominent American scholars as guideposts and then addresses the strengths and weaknesses of this conceptualization of pluralism in the religious sphere. Next, this article proposes how religious pluralism’s main principles and pitfalls can be adapted and applied in the realm of memory keeping in order to strengthen the conceptual framework for archival pluralism. It concludes by suggesting aspects of a research agenda for future work in archival pluralism.     

Occupational Health Hazards: Assessing Occurrence and Policies in Nigerian Academic Libraries

This study examines the policies and occurrences of occupational health hazards among library personnel in private universities in the Southwest, Nigeria. A total population of 177 respondents from 15 privately owned universities were used for the study. The research instrument used in the collection of data was a questionnaire. The result of the study shows that most respondents have experienced occupational health hazards. The study also revealed that muscle strain, back aches, eye problems, and respiratory diseases are the most prevalent occupational health hazards experienced by library personnel. The study identified manual handling of library materials, constant exposure of the eyes to computer screens, inhaling of chemicals and dust, as well as long sitting position as the main causes of occupational health hazards among staff. Most respondents indicated that their organizations are not implementing policies on occupational health hazards. Recommendations were made on how to address the various issues raised.     

交叉检索与浏览及其在分布式学科信息门户中的实现

以国外学科信息门户为例,介绍分析了在分布式学科信息门户中实现交叉检索与交叉浏览的相关技术:跨库检索技术、元数据互操作技术、分类法映射技术等.     

The Latin American Cancer Research Information Project (LACRIP): an evaluation of its development in Mexico

In 1979 the National Cancer Institute, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Latin American Information and Documentation Center (Brazil) jointly sponsored the Latin American Cancer Information Project. This paper reports the objectives, development, and utilization of this service as it is administered by the National Health Information Documentation Center in Mexico. Evaluation of the project provides insight into problems of information dissemination in countries that are experiencing great economic instability.     

The Digital Government Reference Library (DGRL) and its potential formative impact on Digital Government Research (DGR)

The domain of Digital Government Research (DGR) emerged at the end of the 1990s at the intersection of several traditional academic disciplines such as information studies, information systems research, public administration studies, political science, computer science, and business administration among others. While due to their own boundary definitions none of these traditional disciplines could claim “ownership” to the emerging domain, the disciplines were jointly indispensable to provide their various perspectives. As a consequence, the study domain has evolved as a multi-disciplinary endeavor increasingly fostering interdisciplinary relationships. An important contributor to forming the Digital Government research domain in this way also appears to be attributable to the impact of the Digital Government Reference Library (DGRL), which has regularly recorded, updated, and published bibliographical references to the vast majority of peer-reviewed DG research published in the English language for over a decade and a half. Besides its original curatorial purpose of findability and ease of bibliographic organization of DGR-focused research, over the years the DGRL has increasingly also been used for the purpose of bibliometric studies of some kind and some range. This review captures and analyzes the resulting increasingly formative role of the DGRL in DGR, and it documents its increased uses.     

An Examination of Support (In)Adequacy: Types,Sources, and Consequences of Social Support among Infertile Women

This study investigated gaps between the supportive communication people desire and receive in the context of infertility. Our findings advance the notion of support adequacy by positioning social support as a dynamic resource that is contributed to from a variety of sources in numerous ways. A community sample of 301 infertile women indicated that they experience discrepancies in the support they desire compared to what they receive from their spouses, friends and family, medical professionals, and online sources. Participants experienced the most discrepancies from medical professionals, and in almost all of these discrepancies people desired more support than they received. The magnitude of the gap between people's desires and what they receive corresponds with evaluations of support quality.     

美国环境新闻的轨迹及其先锋人物(1844-1966)

本文简要回顾了美国环境新闻史的发端、发展 ,总结了各个时期的特点 ,对其代表人物、代表作以及环境新闻学的要素进行了分析     

Expression and Reception: An Analytic Method for Assessing Message Production and Consumption in CMC

This article presents an innovative methodology to study computer-mediated communication (CMC), which allows analysis of the multi-layered effects of online expression and reception. The methodology is demonstrated by combining the following three data sets collected from a widely tested eHealth system, the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS): (1) a flexible and precise computer-aided content analysis; (2) a record of individual message posting and reading; and (3) longitudinal survey data. Further, this article discusses how the resulting data can be applied to online social network analysis and demonstrates how to construct two distinct types of online social networks—open and targeted communication networks—for different types of content embedded in social networks.     

Assessing the 24/5 Library: A Case Study in Data and Perspectives

The 24-hour/5-days-per-week (24/5) model at Belk Library & Information Commons has experienced multiple changes since first implemented in 2006. First the library started small, then expanded, then reduced, and finally expanded again. This article tells the story of a library's 24/5 evolution within the assessment cycle framework, describes how data and perspective played a role in decisions, provides data on overnight head counts, offers a glimpse into the types of activities engaged in by students during overnight hours, describes student led advocacy efforts to reinstate library hours, and provides an overview of operations and security officer protocol.     

Assessing library topics using sentiment analysis in R: a discussion and code sample

Abstract

This article discusses the use of R programing language for executing a sentiment analysis of tweets pertaining to library topics. This discussion is situated within the literature of marketing and management sciences, which is employing methods of machine learning and business intelligence to make informed decision-making, and library administration, which has expressed great interest in social media engagement within its literature but has yet to adopt these types of analysis. Presented in this article is a sample code with instructions on how users may execute it within R to retrieve and analyze tweets relevant to library services. Two examples created using the code (analysis of top librarians’ tweets and analysis of posts about major book publishers) are used to demonstrate the functionality of the code. The code presented in this article may be used by libraries to analyze tweets about their library and library-related topics, which, in turn, may inform management and marketing design.