Development of a scale for data quality assessment in automated library systems

A credible scale based on the opinions of system users was developed to evaluate and assess data quality in automated library systems (ALS). Development and testing were carried out in two stages. In the first stage, 77 dimensions for data quality which had been previously identified through a systematic literature review were used to develop scale items. The first draft of the scale was then distributed among a target population of ALS experts to solicit their opinions on the scale and the items. In the second stage, a revised version of the scale was distributed among the main study population, which included end users of the target systems. This stage used factor analysis to determine the final draft of the scale, which consists of 4 factors and 62 items. The 4 factors were named after the qualities of their associated items: Data Content Quality, Data Organizational Quality, Data Presentation Quality, and Data Usage Quality. This scale can help system managers identify and resolve potential problems in the systems they manage and can also aid in evaluating the quality of data sources based on the opinions of end users.     

股票投资人信息素质测评量表编制

[目的/意义] 结合近年来国内外信息素质相关文献以及对我国股票投资人的相关研究,设计股票投资人信息素质测评量表,通过调查分析了解我国股票投资人的信息素质现状和特点。[方法/过程] 从信息态度、信息需求、信息道德、信息获取、信息评价和信息利用等6个方面进行量表编制,利用项目鉴别度分析和探索性因素分析删除不合要求的项目设计出一份包含20个项目的量表。[结果/结论] 结果显示,量表具有良好的信度和效度,可作为评价、提高股票投资人信息素质的量化工具。     

图书馆焦虑量表的构建与实证分析

在已有图书馆焦虑量表的基础上,通过大量文献综述、深度访谈、专家讨论、问卷调查和实证分析,严格按照科学化的量表制定流程,构建一个全新的符合当前图书馆环境的包括7个维度、40个条目的图书馆焦虑量表,经检验量表具有很好的信度和效度,为以后的图书馆焦虑的量化研究提供有利工具。在因素分析过程中,尝试一种全新的分层因素分析方法,对以后实证研究中的量表的制定具有参考意义。     

Refinement of the Classroom Citizenship Behavior Scale

In its original presentation, scores on two of the three subscales of the Classroom Citizenship Behavior scale were highly reliable. Scores on the subscale measuring the third dimension of classroom citizenship behavior, Courtesy, had poor reliability. We inductively derived additional items for the Courtesy subscale and tested structure and reliability of the revised scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale readily divided into three factors of six items each, consistent with the proposed model. Furthermore, the subscale scores associated with these factors demonstrated high reliability. Next, two additional communication classes completed the revised scale and confirmatory factor analyses were run on the new version of the three-factor scale. Fit indices were good. The revised Classroom Citizenship Behaviors scale provides a stronger tool for investigating student behaviors that contribute to the effective functioning of the classroom environment.     

信息搜寻行为量表对中国大学生的适用性探讨

为引进信息搜寻行为量表并分析该量表的信度、效度,评估其在中国大学生中的适用性,随机选取200名医学专业大学生进行包括30个题项的信息搜寻行为量表的测试,其中20名学生两周后进行了重测。结果显示信息搜寻行为量表的Cronbach’s alphα系数为0.872,分半信度为0.835,重测信度为0.876;各分量表的信度均在可接受的范围内,信度指标良好;各题项与量表总分的相关性显著,各分量表之间及其与总量表之间均呈显著相关,该量表的内容效度与结构效度良好。研究表明,此量表具有良好的测量学指标,可以作为中国大学生信息搜寻能力研究的有效测量工具。     

信息焦虑量表编制及其信效度检验

根据已有理论及相关调查结果,提出信息焦虑量表的基本结构维度并进行量表项目的编制;利用初始量表对用户的信息焦虑状况进行预测,对预测结果进行项目分析和因素分析,删除不合要求的项目后,形成包含47个项目的量表.对目标人群进行施测,检验量表的信效度检验,证明量表具有较好的信度和效度,可为评价用户信息焦虑提供一个量化工具.     

Determining the Key Dimensions for Evaluating Service Quality and Satisfaction in Academic Libraries

ABSTRACT

Offering quality services and evaluating the rate of success in providing users with target services is the pervasive importance of academic libraries. The central purpose of this study is to determine key dimensions of service quality and satisfaction through developing a new item-scale for evaluating service quality and satisfaction in academic libraries. For primary data collection the study used a 28-item instrument based on five dimensional modified version of SERVQUAL. Respondents were asked to indicate their degree of opinions in the three-columns format: desired service expectation, minimum service expectation, and perception of service performance on a 7-point Likert-type scale. The researcher initially conducted a pilot survey to clarify the overall structure of the questionnaire items to be accepted and used. The reliability of the analysis of data with distinct service attributes were taken from ten public and private university libraries in Bangladesh. Subjecting data obtained to exploratory factor analysis shows that academic library service quality and satisfaction is related to four basic dimensions: caring, competence, resources, and library as a place. Twenty-six service items were identified after extraction through exploratory factor analysis, where nine items were shown before “caring,” five items for “competence,” seven items for “resources,” and five items for “library as a place.” The result in fact provides a generic and robust instrument and recognizes a new item-scale, namely “real service expectation” for the librarians and information science practitioners in the assessment of service quality and satisfaction in academic libraries and in the related fields.     

当代图书馆员快乐感受比较分析

以过去5年、现在、未来5年为经，以性别、年龄、职务、职称、馆型等为纬，对当代图书馆员过去、现 在和未来的快乐感受历程进行比较分析，尤其是对差异性较显著的指标，努力从中找出产生影响的相关因素，为当 今图书馆界贯彻、落实以人为本的科学发展观提供借鉴和参考。     

Evaluating Summary Measures of Heterogeneous Political Discussion: The Critical Roles of Excluded Cases and Discussion with People Holding Extreme Views

ABSTRACT

Summary network heterogeneity measures are frequently used and often-cited in work on interpersonal political disagreement, but their properties are not well documented and they produce anomalous results relative to other measures of socially supplied disagreement. This study deconstructs the familiar summary network heterogeneity measure to examine why it produces incongruous results relative to other measures used in the literature. This study pays particular attention to the multiple strategies that exist for handling non-partisans when creating the measure. Additionally, it focuses on the “extreme views” items included in its construction, which are conceptually and methodologically distinct from other items and rarely theoretically justified. Results demonstrate that summary network heterogeneity is best thought of an as index, rather than as a scale, which has implications for how scholars should approach it. Critically, inclusion of the extreme views items and decisions about data exclusion also have substantive consequences; this highlights the need for further inquiry into extremity and for explicit reporting about data-handling decisions.     

The dimensionality of the verbal aggressiveness scale

Infante and Wigley's (1986) Verbal Aggressiveness Scale (VAS) is a widely accepted and frequently used measure of trait verbal aggression. Although the scale is almost always scored as if it were unidimensional, previous factor analytic studies provide evidence that it is multidimensional with two distinct factors. The present studies (N = 194 and 177) used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate the two‐factor solution. The two‐factor model was consistent with the data, and provides a better fit to the data than the unidimensional solution. The first factor, comprised of all aggressively worded, nonreflected items, appears to measure verbal aggressiveness as intended whereas the second factor, comprised of all reverse‐scored items (benevolently worded), appears to measure a communication style related to other‐esteem confirmation and supportiveness. Given this interpretation, it is recommended that only the 10 aggressively worded items be scored. Hamilton, Buck, and Chory‐Assad, in an adversarial collaborative discussion, agree that the VAS is bidimensional, but offer an alternative conceptual model. They hold that the two factors reflect selfish individualism and prosocial cooperation.     

高校图书馆管理制度有效性量表的构建与检验

[目的/意义] 量表的开发是将高校图书馆管理制度有效性研究由质化发展到量化的重要途径,也是检验高校图书馆管理制度有效性理论的有效步骤。[方法/过程] 根据量表设计的原则与一般步骤,通过对问项测试进行项目分析,经过筛选与优化最终设计出由4个维度16个问项组成的高校图书馆管理制度有效性测量量表,在此基础上对量表进行验证性因子分析,分别检验量表的构念效度检验、汇聚效度和区分效度,然后引入图书馆管理沟通效果和沟通环境作为效标变量,分别检验量表的增加效度和法则效度。[结果/结论] 研究表明量表的构念效度、汇聚效度、区分效度、增加效度和法则效度均通过检验。     

医学论文统计学报告水平评价量表的研制及其意义

作为实时、内部评价医学论文科学水平的一部分,在系列研究的基础上研制出含27个项目的医学论文统计学报告水平评价量表。经过信度和效度的外考核,该量表在不同人之间评价信度较好,对不同级别杂志的区分效度也好,可用于医学论文的评价。本量表适用于医学编辑对未发表论文科学水平的实时内部评价,也适用于同行或管理部门对已发表论文的评价,其适用对象是有对照的临床研究论文。     

Nonlinear Unidimensionality in Communication Science: Tests,Examples, and Implications

The ability to evaluate predictions and theories hinges on accurate, error-free measurement. As a result, communication scientists seek both highly valid and highly reliable measures. Regarding validity claims, specifically, a hypothesis of content validity is typically tested via factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assume a linear relationship between indicators and the underlying construct. Thus, EFA and CFA miss instances of nonlinear unidimensionality, such as those encountered when a scale forms a Guttman Simplex. Given that such a measurement model is not uncommon and is difficult to detect, this article presents a method for testing the hypothesis of content validity when this kind of nonlinear relationship exists between scale items and the construct.     

Psychometric Properties of the Internet Self-Efficacy Scale: An Application of Item Response Theory

The current study provides a cursory review of item response theory (IRT), and tentatively applies the IRT to examining the psychometric properties of the Internet self-efficacy instrument. The results indicated that the eight items of the scale are not of the same quality of assessing individuals' Internet self-efficacy. The reason might be that some items are to a certain degree double-barreled. A comparison of classical test theory (CTT) and IRT shows that IRT provides insight into the item-level information about an instrument. Through illustration of the IRT, the author argued for more application of this measurement technique in the field of communication research.     

The Modified <Emphasis Type="Italic">h</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Index</Emphasis> of Scopus: A New Way in Fair Scientometrics

The h-index of Scopus is used as an important and practical instrument in analyzing the scientific level of researchers. In this research, 6 effective items (including author’s order, quality of publication source, quality of citation source, type of citation, research scopes of the authors and the regular scope of citation source) were considered in order to increase the accuracy and equity of research and also the optimization of scientometrics. In order to find the actual impact of each item, a relation with a default coefficient was considered, and all effective items were presented after evaluating the influence of them on the desired coefficients. Here, the introduced effective factors were separately investigated for 20 Iranian authors who are randomly selected. The analysis of the results showed that by applying the effective factors, the h-index of authors was obtained on the basis of real and scientific criteria; thus, the mean of all effective factors is introduced as modified h-index. Among considered authors, the lowest reduction in h-index was 10.67% and the highest reduction was 37.25% (SD was 6.5). This reduction was obtained in comparison with their h-index of Scopus, and it demonstrates that the authors, who have less reduction in their h-index value, have more scientific and honest approach to research.     

基于胜任特征的研究生数据素养能力测评量表研究

[目的/意义]结合国内外数据素养相关研究及前期调研,凝练研究生数据素养评价指标,构建研究生数据素养能力测评量表,为全面测度研究生数据素养水平提供客观评价工具。[方法/过程]基于胜任特征模型,运用专家调查和问卷调查法,通过探索性因素分析构建研究生数据素养胜任力标准,从数据意识、数据收集与评估、数据组织与管理、数据处理与分析、数据利用与归档、数据伦理层面编制研究生数据素养能力测试量表。[结果/结论]最终量表包含48个题项,经数据分析验证了量表具有较好的信度、效度和拟合度,可以作为评价研究生数据素养能力的量化工具,并为制订针对性教育措施提供依据。     

合作信息查寻与检索相关性判据的探索性因子分析

基于案例研究结果及早期研究成果设计合作信息查寻与检索相关性的判据量表,通过问卷调查获取高校及科研院所学生合作信息查寻与检索的相关性判据使用数据,利用临界值比较、内部一致性分析、均值比较、探索性因子分析等方法对这些数据进行量化分析,得出以下主要结论:合作相关性判据量表的项目共34项,分属于8个类别,分别为信息来源特征、信息内容有用性、信息索引特征、信息表现形式、信息质量、可获取性、信息结构特征与信息传播特征;8个类别可解释的方差变异约为60%,表明相关性判据不是相关判断的唯一标准或依据,还有其他因素影响用户的相关判断过程。     

Development and validation of the library ethics scale

Most studies on library ethics are theoretical. No scale has been developed with a valid and reliable psychometric property to measure library staff and users' ethical perceptions or behaviors. This paper describes the development of a brief measure of the Library Ethics Scale (LES) conducted in two consecutive studies. In the first study, based on the literature review and opinions of expert groups, 47 items were developed for the item pool. These items were administered to 521 university library users in Turkey. An explanatory factor analysis indicated a strong two-factor solution. In the second study conducted on 259 participants, these two-factor structures showed good psychometric properties, with 18 items explaining the total variance of 59.074. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was 0.903, and the two sub-dimensions were found to be 0.91, and 0.888, respectively. The LES shows good validity and reliability properties and has potential application in library ethics settings, including library professionals' perceptions and users' perceptions and behaviors.     

Price of materials and collection development in larger public libraries

Questionnaires were sent to public library systems in the 200 largest cities in the United States to learn more about the role of price in the selection of materials. A 34 percent response rate yielded 67 usable responses. When ranked on a scale from 1 to 7, with 7 being least important, list price had a median ranking of 5, while likely community demand was ranked 1. When faced with price increases, these collection developers tended to select fewer duplicates, fewer periodical and annual publications, and fewer nonbook items. About 26 percent of those responding had adopted an informal or formal price ceiling for selections. About 66 percent of these librarians were likely be more price conscious when selecting nonbook items. Price ceilings for categories and formats are discussed.     

大学生健康信息规避量表构建研究

[目的/意义]构建稳健而实用的大学生健康信息规避(HIA)量表,以期为有效测度大学生HIA倾向及HIA相关研究提供前期基础,并为健康服务机构和大学生群体合理应对HIA提供有益参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]采用选择性暴露理论和前期调研,开发大学生HIA初步量表;利用初步量表对277名大学生进行施测,对获取的实证数据进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,通过信效度检验后形成大学生HIA正式量表。[结果/结论]大学生HIA具有负面情绪、认知冲突和行为改变的三重结构,总量表重测信度为0.951,3个维度的重测信度在0.871-0.919,具体涉及10个测量项目。