荣名的贝奥武甫与落寞的羿

具备双重人文内涵的贝奥武甫与叛逆的文化英雄羿同是半人半神的英雄,皆以悲剧收场,却缘何斩妖灭龙的高特武士贝奥武甫被颂扬为“好一个大王”,荣名尽收;而羿虽为射日英雄,却坠入凡俗而终死于其徒逢蒙之桃棒,如此落寞?本文以此为切入口对比中世纪欧洲史诗《贝奥武甫》与上古中国羿神话,浅析两者之中的人文内涵,以期阐明缘由。     

Engagement and learning through social software in finance: a retrospective on the Trading Room experience

The introduction of a social software blog space called the Trading Room in an undergraduate finance unit generated a great deal of activity to support student learning. A subsequent evaluation of this innovation, viewed through the lens of Activity Theory, demonstrated that students perceived high value in the opportunity it provided for them to reaffirm theories, obtain individualised feedback and benchmark their work against others. While assessment is generally seen as the carrot and the stick of learning; students in the study reported that they would still participate in reading and posting to the Trading Room even if there was no assessment requirement. Students did not see any value in the environment as a purely social space, reporting that they saw it primarily as a professional educational community. It would appear that just as there are different communities in the real world social space, there are also different types of communities in the online space.     

How do Teachers Prepare for and Respond to Students’ Evoked Emotions when Addressing Real Social Inequalities Through Engineering Activities?

Making engineering and science culturally and socially relevant requires teachers to have broader content knowledge and an increased repertoire of pedagogical skills. One aspect of being an effective and culturally inclusive teacher that is seldom discussed is the ability to engage with the emotions associated with working for social justice. In other words, teachers need to be prepared to address the mixed emotions and desire to effect social change that students (children or adults) often experience when exposed to the very real social inequalities present in their own communities or in the world. This issue is particularly important now that the Next Generation Science Education Standards, and its emphasis on engineering practices, calls for students to engage in more problem solving of real world issues. This article seeks to raise awareness about critical emotional pedagogy and critical emotional literacy as 2 additional tools that are likely to augment teachers and researchers’ professional tool kit when interested in building a culturally inclusive and socially relevant learning environment.     

Using Today's Headlines for Teaching Gerontology

It is a challenge to attract undergraduate students into the gerontology field. Many do not believe the aging field is exciting and at the cutting edge. Students, however, can be convinced of the timeliness, relevance, and excitement of the field by, literally, bringing up today's headlines in class. The author collected over 250 articles during the first nine months of 2007 and incorporated the content into his Health and Aging course. Gerontology faculty members who make the connection between current news events and course material, as well as incorporate that connection into their recruitment efforts, will discover an opportunity to promote their discipline.     

Connecting school and community with science learning: Real world problems and school–community partnerships as contextual scaffolds*

A challenge facing many schools, especially those in urban settings that serve culturally and linguistically diverse populations, is a disconnection between schools and students' home communities, which can have both cognitive and affective implications for students. In this article we explore a form of “connected science,” in which real‐world problems and school‐community partnerships are used as contextual scaffolds for bridging students' community‐based knowledge and school‐based knowledge, as a way to provide all students opportunities for meaningful and intellectually challenging science learning. The potential of these scaffolds for connected science is examined through a case study in which a team of fifth‐grade teachers used the student‐identified problem of pollution along a nearby river as an interdisciplinary anchor for teaching science, math, language arts, and civics. Our analysis makes visible how diverse forms of knowledge were able to support project activities, examines the consequences for student learning, and identifies the features of real‐world problems and school–community partnerships that created these bridging opportunities. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 878–898, 2001     

Contrasting Perspectives and Performance of High School Students on Problem Solving in Real World, Situated, and School Contexts

This study describes and contrasts theoretically and empirically problem solving of situated problems in school and the real world at the macro level as a social-cultural activity system and analyzes the process of solving situated problems by high school students at the micro level as an activity. Three potentially experiential problem tasks were given to 31 last year high School science students. Action map, a concept derived from activity theory, was used to represent the solutions. Qualitative methods were used to analyze the data obtained from the written solutions as well as interviews with the participants. Leont'ev's activity theory and Engeström's activity system were used as frameworks to analyze and interpret the data. The results indicate that there are fundamental identifiable differences among the activities and the activity systems of problem solving in the real world, situated, and school contexts.     

林逋的隐逸：仕进欲求的变形

传统看法一直将林逋视作红颜弃轩冕的“真正隐士”,但林逋的“隐逸”自始至终与“仕进”交织在一起,他对修齐治道心向往之,当仕宦的理想被残酷的现实击碎后,也会寻找安顿自己心灵之所,韬光养晦,等待时机,以图东山再起。     

硅钢纵剪剪边毛刺产生原因及处理方法探讨

剪边毛刺缺陷严重影响硅钢产品的出厂质量。如何降低剪边毛刺量一直以来都是生产现场的重要研究课题。现标准要求将硅钢带剪边毛刺量控制在0.015mm以内,给现场生产带来巨大挑战。从现有生产设备和硅钢带材料特性入手,探索了剪边毛刺产生的原因,探索了剪刃锁紧方式、剪刃磨削方式、圆盘剪入口导位板调整等处理方法。     

论康德的自然意图论

康德的自然意图论的提出是为了解决在历史中自然世界与自由世界的联结是否可能以及如何可能的问题。但由于康德缺乏对人的劳动实践能动性的真正理解以及缺乏现实的人类社会性的环节作为联结历史发展的合规律性与合目的性的真正中介，使其自由世界的实现缺乏现实的前提，因而带有很强的天意论色彩。     

Connecting students to the real world: Developing gifted behaviors through service learning

Learning in today's classrooms can be disconnected from students' real world experiences. Providing students the opportunity to address real‐world problems may provide avenues for students to engage in their communities while developing academic skills and knowledge. Additionally, for students whose interests are piqued by the nature of their community's problems, these activities have the potential to offer students meaningful, motivating work in a supportive environment. This article explores how providing students with interest‐based service‐learning opportunities may help them develop and demonstrate gifted behaviors. In addition, methods for integrating student interests and service‐learning projects are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Mirror Worlds: Examining the Affordances of a Next Generation Immersive Learning Environment

As technologies continue to develop and evolve, it is imperative that instructional technologists, learning scientists, and educators involved with examining learning affordances of emerging technologies investigate the potential of innovative environments to promote and facilitate learning. This paper, as such, will describe a newly developed immersive, mixed-reality learning environment at Virginia Tech. The Mirror Worlds project, a cutting edge mixed-reality virtual world will be described in terms of the potential for this type of environment to engage participants in authentically situated social and embodied learning activities.     

Open the door,let's explore: Neighborhood field trips

Trips give adults an opportunity to see for themselves something they have heard or read about. Trips serve not only that same function for children, but also its opposite. They give children an opportunity to see for themselves something they will learn more about later in pictures or books or through conversation. Children learn to make sense of the world around them through many different experiences. The greater the quantity and variety of experiences, the greater the learning potential. Rhoda Redleaf is a child development specialist with Resources for Child Caring in St. Paul, MN. This article is excerpted, with permission, from Open the Door, Let's Explore, ©1983, Toys 'n Things Press. The book is available for $8.95 plus $1.75 shipping and handling from: Toys 'n Things Press, 906 North Dale Street, St. Paul, MN 55103.     

Development of a Reality‐Based Multimedia Case Study Teaching Method and its Effect on Students’ Planned Food Safety Behaviors

There is opportunity to decrease the frequency of foodborne illnesses by improving food safety competencies and planned behaviors of college students before they begin careers in the food industry. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a multimedia case study teaching method that provides real world context for food science education; and (2) evaluate the extent to which it improves the intentions of students to implement food safety management systems upon entering the workforce, as well its impact on knowledge gains and students’ abilities to understand complex concepts. The target audience consisted of all participants in an upper‐level undergraduate food safety management systems course (n = 17). A pretest and posttest survey research instrument was developed to measure knowledge gains and also students’ food safety intentions using the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Students experienced significant gains in knowledge, attitude, and intention after completion of the course (P < 0.05). One hundred percent of students agreed that the interactive videos aided in their understanding of food safety concepts. A paired t test suggested that both behavioral control beliefs and attitudes of students toward food safety management significantly increased (P < 0.5) after completion of the case study. These results suggest that integrating multimedia case studies into food science education may enhance food safety behaviors.     

On the potential for using immersive virtual environments to support laboratory experiment contextualisation

This paper explores the hypothesis that embedding a laboratory activity into a virtual environment can provide a richer experimental context and hence improve the understanding of the relationship between a theoretical model and the real world, particularly in terms of the model's strengths and weaknesses. While an identified learning objective of laboratories is to support the understanding of the relationship between models and reality, the paper illustrates that this understanding is hindered by inherently limited experiments and that there is scope for improvement. Despite the contextualisation of learning activities having been shown to support learning objectives in many fields, there is traditionally little contextual information presented during laboratory experimentation. The paper argues that the enhancing laboratory activity with contextual information affords an opportunity to improve students’ understanding of the relationship between the theoretical model and the experiment (which is effectively a proxy for the complex real world), thereby improving their understanding of the relationship between the model and reality. The authors propose that these improvements can be achieved by setting remote laboratories within context-rich virtual worlds.     

Assessment by Interview and Portfolio in a Graduate School Program

Assessment plays an integral role in teaching and learning in higher education and teachers have a strong interest in debates and commentaries on assessment as and for learning. In a 1-year graduate entry teacher preparation program, the temptation is to emphasize assessment in an attempt to ensure students “cover” everything as part of a robust preparation for the profession. The risk is that, for students, assessment drives curriculum, and time spent in the completion of assignments is no guarantee of either effective learning or authentic preparation for teaching. Interviews as assessment provide an opportunity for a learning experience as well as an authentic task, since students will shortly be interviewing for employment in a “real world” situation. This paper reports on a project experimenting with interview panels as authentic assessment with preservice early childhood teachers. At the end of their first semester of study, students enrolled in the Graduate Diploma of Education program at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia were required to participate in a panel interview where they were graded by a panel made up of three faculty staff and one undergraduate student enrolled in the 4-year Bachelor of Education program. Students and panel members completed a questionnaire on their experience after the interview. Results indicated that both students and staff valued the experience and felt it was authentic. Results are discussed in terms of how the assessment interview and portfolio presentation supports graduating students in their preparation for employment interviews, and how this authentic assessment task has benefits for both students and teaching staff.     

Young adolescents' metacognition and domain knowledge as predictors of hypothesis‐development performance in a computer‐supported context

Recently, the importance of ill‐structured problem‐solving in real‐world contexts has become a focus of educational research. Particularly, the hypothesis‐development process has been examined as one of the keys to developing a high‐quality solution in a problem context. The authors of this study examined predictive relations between young adolescents' metacognition, prior domain knowledge, and hypothesis‐development performance in a computer‐supported environment. Data were collected from 11‐ and 12‐year‐old Korean students (N = 101). A hypothesised model in predicting hypothesis‐development performance was evaluated using structural equation modelling. Both metacognition and prior domain knowledge significantly predicted young adolescents' hypothesis‐development performance. Implications and limitations of the present study and issues, including the experimental design, are discussed.     

Research on Teacher Thinking and Implications for Teacher Training

In teacher training it is necessary to take into account the practical knowledge student teachers have about teaching. Student teachers should have the opportunity of integrating theories that are being taught with their own practical knowledge. This can only happen if the student teacher recognises the theories as being relevant to their teaching practice. To facilitate and stimulate such an integration process, teacher trainers need to have insight in the content and the development of the practical knowledge of teaching. This content and development will be described and there will be given some implications for teacher training.     

Enhancing Mathematical Problem Solving for Secondary Students with or at Risk of Learning Disabilities: A Literature Review

Requirements for reasoning, explaining, and generalizing mathematical concepts increase as students advance through the educational system; hence, improving overall mathematical proficiency is critical. Mathematical proficiency requires students to interpret quantities and their corresponding relationships during problem‐solving tasks as well as generalizing to different contexts; both requirements are particularly challenging for many students with learning disabilities. An in‐depth review of research was completed to (1) demonstrate how interventions targeting mathematical problem solving are categorized into heuristic, semantic, or authentic approaches; (2) explore the degree to which generalization is presented in each approach; and (3) determine the efficacy of each intervention approach. Experimental studies (n = 17) demonstrating the effects of interventions designed to enhance mathematical problem solving for secondary students with or at risk of learning disabilities were analyzed. Findings indicate that the efficacy of the three intervention approaches varies, and that the real‐world connections differ. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

网络教学模式之WebQuest

WebQuest是一种新兴的以网络教学为基础的教学模式,该模式合理利用网络资源和信息,创造真实的学习情景,在充分调动学生主动学习的积极性之余,还能增强学生解决问题的能力,这些均是网络教学的优势所在。自1995年WebQuest由美国家创建以来,该模式被北美地区的学校广泛使用。调查发现WebQuest在中国少数城市的中小学课堂已被采用,具有可行性,希望更多的中国教师能借鉴这种教学模式,改进传统的课堂教学,以增强学生解决问题的能力,培养21世纪所需要的新兴人才。     

The Performance of Chinese Primary School Students on Realistic Arithmetic Word Problems

Compared with standard arithmetic word problems demanding only the direct use of number operations and computations, realistic problems are harder to solve because children need to incorporate “real‐world” knowledge into their solutions. Using the realistic word problem testing materials developed by Verschaffel, De Corte, and Lasure [Learning and Instruction, 4(4), 273–294, 1994], two studies were designed to investigate (a) Chinese elementary school children’s ability to solve realistic word problems and (b) the different effects of two instructional interventions (warning vs. process‐oriented) on their performance. The results indicated that, contrasting to the standard problem solving, the participating children demonstrated a strong tendency to exclude real‐word knowledge and realistic considerations from their solution processes when solving the realistic problems. Process‐oriented instruction, calling for a deep‐level processing, was more likely than warning instruction to promote the activation of realistic considerations, but it was not effective at helping children arrive at realistic or correct answers. Finally, the results and their implications for mathematical teaching are discussed.