对我国硕士研究生学习经验的调查分析

本文根据对我国27所高校2781名硕士生学习经验的调查分析,提出了改革我国研究生教育,提高研究生教育质量的五项建议:贯彻落实科学发展观,加强研究生教育过程的宏观管理和质量监控,促使研究生教育由数量发展向质量提高转变;高等教育重点建设计划要以人为本,既要关注“硬件”建设,更要关注“软件”建设;鼓励博士生导师指导硕士研究生;鼓励研究生结合导师的研究课题开展学位论文工作;注意缩小研究生教育的区域差异,积极推动西部地区研究生教育发展。     

Self-Regulation of Learning within Computer-based Learning Environments: A Critical Analysis

Computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) present important opportunities for fostering learning; however, studies have shown that students have difficulty when learning with these environments. Research has identified that students’ self-regulatory learning (SRL) processes may mediate the hypothesized positive relations between CBLEs and academic performance. In this review, we identified 33 empirical studies of SRL and CBLEs. We address three research questions: (1) How do learner and task characteristics relate to students’ SRL with CBLEs? (2) Can various learning supports or conditions enhance the quality of students’ SRL as they learn with CBLEs? (3) What conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues exist for this growing area of research? We found evidence that specific SRL processes are more often associated with academic success than others and that SRL skills can be supported. We also identified a number of issues that researchers should aim to address in future investigations, including a more comprehensive measurement of facets of SRL and the quality of SRL processes, the seeming disconnect between SRL processes and learning outcomes, and the distinction between self- and other-regulation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

大学生英语学习策略调查分析

调查分析了大学生的英语学习策略使用情况。多元方差分析表明，英语学习策略使用水平的学历差异和性别差异都显著，但学历和性别的交互作用不显著。本科生的直接策略（记忆、认知和补偿）使用水平显著高于专科生，但间接策略（元认知、情感和社会）没有显著差异。女生的各种策略使用水平都显著高于男生。对结果做了解释并给出了在英语教学中的启示。     

成人学习方式的理论、分类及测量之述评

了解远程成人学习方式，不仅有助于科学地设计教材和有效地传递教学信息，而且能帮助学生了解自己学习方式的特点，优势及不足，从而采取适当的措施，在学习中扬长避短，以致达到大面积地提高学习水平。然而，从现有的研究献来看，我国关于远程成人学习方式的研究甚少。本首先综合地描述国外学习方式的理论派别，继而介绍五种比较流行的成人学习方式的分类和量表，然后对这些量表的理论基础、评定方法、项目评定、量表修订及共同特点进行分析和讨论，最后对如何发展我国远程成人学习方式的理论以及设计相应的量表提出建设性的意见。     

A Critical Analysis of Siegel's Case for Revision of the Learning Disability Construct

In this paper I analyse Siegel's revisionist conceptualization of the learning disability concept. Siegel has attempted to demonstrate that the construct of learning disabilities is flawed because of its long‐term linkage with the variable of intelligence. The discrepancy formulation is the particular focus of her criticism. She has denigrated the use of IQ tests in LD diagnosis and argued that intelligence and reading measure many of the same abilities and therefore any difference between these two functions is confounded; that IQ is not a valid measure of reading potential in children with LD and normal populations; and that logical analysis and empirical research demonstrate that the concept of intelligence is redundant in any conception of learning disabilities. I present arguments against each of these propositions and several other matters raised in her paper. I propose two basic approaches to learning disabilities and give expression to these in two theoretical models, a simple categorical model (designated as Model C) and the underachievement model (Model D). I show that Siegel's interpretation is based on a weak version of Model C, but that this model fails to elucidate the essential meaning of the learning disability construct. I show that Model D is the more appropriate alternative. I contend that the application of standard regression procedures inherent in Model D would lead to a more appropriate definition of LD and that more stringent standards for the underachievement criterion would offset many of the problems that Siegel has highlighted in her paper.     

A Survey of Automated Assessment Approaches for Programming Assignments

Practical programming is one of the basic skills pursued in computer science education. On programming courses, the coursework consists of programming assignments that need to be assessed from different points of view. Since the submitted assignments are executable programs with a formal structure, some features can be assessed automatically. The basic requirement for automated assessment is the numerical measurability of assessment targets, but semiautomatic approaches can overcome this restriction. Recognizing automatically assessable features can help teachers to create educational models, where automatic tools let teachers concentrate their work on the learning issues that need student-teacher interaction the most.

Several automatic tools for both static and dynamic assessment of computer programs have been reported in the literature. This article promotes these issues by surveying several automatic approaches for assessing programming assignments. Not all the existing tools will be covered, simply because of the vast number of them. The article concentrates on bringing forward different assessment techniques and approaches to give an interested reader starting points for finding further information in the area. Automatic assessment tools can be used to help teachers in grading tasks as well as to support students' working process with automatic feedback. Common advantages of automation are the speed, availability, consistency and objectivity of assessment. However, automatic tools emphasize the need for careful pedagogical design of the assignment and assessment settings. To effectively share the knowledge and good assessment solutions already developed, better interoperability and portability of the tools is needed.     

开放教育学员自主性学习状况的调查与分析

对开放教育学员"自主性学习"、"主动性学习"的状况分析,能深刻地透析出"试点"工作中的成功与不足.总结、分析基层学员对各种教学媒体的认可度、使用率和运用多种方式自主学习的状况,才能找出试点工作中存在的问题与不足,提出有针对性的改进建议.     

Authoring Tools for Component-Based Learning Environments

We argue that a focus on building an authoring tool for a complete learning environment is misplaced. An analysis of the task of authoring a commercial educational system reveals it to be best accomplished through authoring separate components. For many of these components, authoring tools already exist and need not be duplicated for use in educational systems. Connecting the various components together is a separate authoring task, and parts of this task are different for educational systems than for typical component-based software. The second half of this article describes the Visual Translator, an authoring tool we have written specifically for this purpose.     

《几何画板》从教具变为学具

信息技术在当今社会的各个领域都得到丁广泛应用，在教育领域尤其受到人们的青睐。与以往任何一种先进媒体的应用相比，信息技术的引入，使传统的教育方式发生了更加深刻的变革，甚至可以说是引起了一次革命。计算机辅助教学已经成为广大教育工作者探索、研究和实践的新领域，如何将计算机与传统教学相结合，不断地优化中学数学教学，提高学生的动手能力，需要我们不断地研究、探索和实践。     

大学生利用互联网资源进行英语自主学习状况调查研究

文章以问卷调查方式,分析大学生在课外利用互联网资源进行自主学习的状况。调查显示：大学生对利用网络资源进行英语学习认同度较高,但对其有效利用率较低,自主性较低,缺乏足够的自主学习能力,英语实践性和专业性运用能力有待提高。     

A Critical Survey of 1000 Activities

Attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and classroom practices of teachers in 24 urban and suburban elementary schools throughout the United States were assessed with teacher questionnaires and classroom observations during a single school year. Teachers in schools serving students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds put greater emphasis on teacher authority and control and less on student autonomy and constructivist approaches than teachers in other schools did. Teachers in schools serving students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds also were less trusting of students and more skeptical about their abilities. Teachers’ beliefs were generally consistent with their practices, even when school poverty level and students’ mean achievement levels were statistically controlled.     

"作业与评价"的调查分析与思考

本文通过对"作业与评价"调查的分析,论述了"中央电大人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点"项目开展过程中的"作业与评价"这一考核方式改革的实施确有成效.针对"作业与评价"在实施过程中存在的一些问题作了分析,提出了完善"作业与评价"的应对举措.     

艺术本科生英语学习情况调查与分析

在我国高校，艺术（音乐、美术）专业属于特招专业。该专业学生人数众多，在2004年全国统招新生475万人中，艺术生占学生总人数23％。但是，到目前为止，这一学生群体的英语学习情况未引起英语教育界的足够重视。为了能够掌握这类学生的英语学习特征，给教师提供相关的参考数据，更好的指导学生进行学习，作者采用调查问卷、测试和访谈的方式，对艺术生的英语水平状况、学习方法、英语学习动机和他们的学习风格进行了调查，并在数据统计的基础上，把艺术专业生和我国其它非艺术类专业生的英语学习情况进行对比分析。提出改进我国艺术生英语教学的一些建议。     

面向大数据环境的大规模机器学习工具研究综述

随着大数据时代的到来,构建大数据下的机器学习系统会更加复杂和困难.开源机器学习工具的使用成为学术界和产业界关注的热点.对当前国内外主流机器学习工具进行研究和分析,总结各机器学习工具优缺点,为机器学习研究者和开发人员提供参考.     

内江师范学院《数学分析》学习现状的调查

为了使学生更有效的学习《数学分析》,利用《数学分析》学习现状调查表,对内江师范学院500名在校学生进行调查,回收429份有效问卷.结果表明:学生对《数学分析》认识不够,缺乏学习主动性与自主性,对知识的学习与整合能力差;不同专业的学生对教学方法的选择各不相同.教师在培养学生获得知识的同时应注重对不同专业学生采取不同的教学方法,学生应加强自身学习主动性和学习方法有效性的培养.     

对当前国内华文教育教学网站的调查与分析

本文通过考察6个主要的国内华文教育教学网站,从教学内容以及教学方式两个方面比较分析当前的华文教育教学网站建设的现状和特点,并提出一些建设性的意见。     

面向深度学习的项目式编程学习优化设计与实践

编程课程的深度学习具有一定的领域特殊性,体现为学习者深度应用编程知识解决现实问题的程序设计策略构建与编程自我效能感培养。项目式编程学习不应局限于学习者对于领域知识的理解与配对应用,更需要关注学习者在项目驱动的编程问题解决过程中程序设计策略的构建与迁移。本研究以优化设计项目式编程学习为核心目标,融合编程领域深度学习的特殊性,构建项目式编程学习“四层”过程模型;基于编程方案生成与评估以及程序设计策略构建等过程,梳理编程项目设计原则;结合程序设计支持技术、阶段性结果及启发性问题,结构化地设计促进学习者有效完成程序设计的项目支架。学习者自我感知的程序设计策略水平和编程自我效能感在前测与后测中出现了显著性差异,验证了编程项目设计原则与项目支架设计的有效性。