Reframing Resources in Engineering Teaching and Learning

Abstract

The notion of “resources” is often framed in an economic sense: money, time, equipment and the like. The authors reconceptualise this notion, situating resources as embedded in curricular frameworks, teacher practice and student experience. This leads them to define resources as “the potential to participate in socio-cultural action” which is illustrated in this article through a series of reflections on the part of the authors, all within the context of engineering education. First, they demonstrate that curriculum can be productively thought of as a route marker for the development of resources that students need in order to enact their role as professional engineers. Thereafter, they show that lecturers bring tacit resources of trust, care, creativity and credibility to the teaching and learning space, and that these are necessary to overcome the inertia that often resists the transformation of teaching and learning practice. Finally, they reflect on how students’ prior learning experiences can be harnessed as a resource for teaching and learning. In so doing, they present resources as tied to sociocultural practices and personal and institutional histories, and encourage others to take up these ideas so as to consider how resources, viewed in the authors’ sense, are valued within (engineering) education.     

“生活·实践”教育视野下学校教育改革探索

“生活·实践”教育是周洪宇教授提出的扎根于中国大地的教育理论,是一种基于生活、生命、实践的新教育思想。本文从全面发展的人的培养目标、绿色高分数的素质目标、“六合一”学校教育功能定位、“合育”教育机制、重视意商等方面分析了“生活?实践”教育视野下学校教育改革框架,接着从“三备三研”“高效课堂”“双课程体系”“双师制”“学导合作单”“自主学习体系”“弹性教学模式”“教学质量保障”等方面阐述了“生活·实践”教育视野下学校教育改革实践,最后分析了“生活?实践”教育视野下学校教育质量保障体系。     

Balancing classroom ready with community ready: enabling agency to engage with community through critical service learning

Recent initial teacher education policy and regulatory frameworks privilege “classroom ready” discourses. Taking up “readiness” as technical skill requiring more “practice” leads to narrowing of teachers’ roles and efficacy with increasing pressure and regulation that marginalises ideals to equip pre-service teachers to be “community ready”. We argue that enabling preservice teacher agency to engage with community beyond notions of mastering bounded classroom practice is critical to teachers’ roles. Supporting teachers to teach in context as engaged global citizens requires a readiness of relational understanding and skills about the lived experiences of learners, and their wider community contexts. Data from a critical service learning case study highlight how preservice teacher agency to engage with community is conceptualised and experienced in simultaneously beneficial and challenging ways. These findings indicate the complex, yet necessarily significant contributions of service learning experiences to the development of preservice teacher “readiness”.     

New Model,New Strategies: Instructional design for building online wisdom communities

We discuss the development of an instructional design model, WisCom (Wisdom Communities), based on socio‐constructivist and sociocultural learning philosophies and distance education principles for the development of online wisdom communities, and the application and evaluation of the model in an online graduate course in the USA. The WisCom model aims to facilitate transformational learning by fostering the development of a wisdom community, knowledge innovation, and mentoring and learner support in an online learning environment, based on a “Cycle of Inquiry” module design, and a “Spiral of Inquiry” program design. Extending beyond current instructional design practice, WisCom provides both a new model for teaching that builds upon the inherent capacity of networked communication to support the growth and intellectual development of communities of practice, and a new model of learning where learners engage in the process of scholarly inquiry that supports individual and collective learning. Evaluation and research data support the WisCom model's ability to design a learning community engaged in the collaborative construction of knowledge.     

学习科学到教学实践变革——“转化者”的角色与作用分析

文章首先总结了推动学习科学从学术研究殿堂走向课堂教学和教师教育实践的三个关键因素:一是脑研究技术及其研究成果的爆发式进展,二是人工智能技术的飞速发展,三是新时代以学生为中心教育生态重构的现实需求。随后,文章阐释了学习科学研究和教育教学实践变革之间“转化者”的角色,并介绍了四位先行者。最后,文章分析了“应用学习科学改进教学策略”课程,提出教师教育MOOC在“互联网+”时代所承担的新型“转化者”作用。     

基于成果导向的“SPOC+翻转课堂”教学模式研究与实践——以涉外秘书实务课程为例

“互联网+教育”背景下,以SPOC为代表的翻转课堂教学模式成为高校教学改革的新热点。以“涉外秘书实务”课程为例,进行基于成果导向的“SPOC+翻转课堂”教学模式的研究与实践,结果表明该教学模式能够改善课堂学习效果,提高学生的自主学习能力,帮助学生实现自我创新与素质重构。     

任务驱动型教学法对高职英语教学的影响

任务驱动型教学法是一种新型的教育模式,是一种将学生主动学习和教师布置任务两者综合起来的新型教学方法。让学生在完成教师布置“任务”的同时,培养了自己发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。体现了语言教学的真正精髓,“学”重于“教”,“练”多于“学”,以培养学生自学、探究、创新、组织表达能力为主要目标。     

基于柔性分布式工学交替的高职电子商务专业实践教学探索

在高职电子商务专业实践教学改革中,通过对教学过程的柔性化设计,建立工学交替模式,可以较好实现因材施教,“精细化”培养的目标。该模式包括组建基于职业倾向测试的学习团队,设计基于学习团队分布式工学交替实践教学体系,及开发为分布式工学交替提供支撑的实习基地三个主要部分。     

高师院校英语教学法课程“翻转课堂”实证研究

翻转课堂是一种基于信息技术的新型教学模式,近几年来成为国内外教育改革热议的话题。它颠倒传统教学流程,通过自主探究、体验参与、意义建构、实践应用等教学步骤,改变了传统教学中"以教为中心"的教学模式,而采用了"以学生为中心"的个性化教学,转换了师生的角色。并通过采用线上线下交互学习的方式,为传统的教师教育类课程带来了教学模式的革新,正符合小学英语教学法课程的改革需求。     

“大思政”背景下地方高校志愿服务体系建构探究

高校思想政治工作要坚决落实新时代立德树人根本任务,贯穿教育教学全过程。在“大思政”的背景下,思想政治教育不仅局限于理论课程教育,更要与其他专业课程、社会实践等内容相结合,从而发挥思想政治教育的合力。将志愿服务理念、活动融入大学生学习生活,实现课堂教学和实践教学、学校教育和社会教育、校园学习和终身学习的有机结合,是实践“立德树人”教育理念和“三全育人”的有效途径。因此,需要发挥志愿服务活动的思想政治教育功能,完善地方高校志愿服务体系,以构建“大思政”的育人格局。     

基于文化交流的人才培养模式探索

在“一带一路”和构建人类命运共同体的背景下,世界各国之间的文化交流更趋频繁与深入,基于文化交流的人才培养模式探索显得格外重要。高校文化类课程的教学,在文化交流人才的培养中起着非常重要的作用,但文化类课程传统的教学模式难以适应文化交流人才的培养,亟需改革。从提高文化交流实际能力提高的要求出发,对文化类课程采取反向设计、转变课程教学目标、改革课堂教学和课程考核方式方法等措施,改变文化交流人才的培养模式,才能更好地培养具有国际化视野的文化交流人才。     

博士生跨学科课程实施:内在逻辑、现实困境与突破路径

在国家大力实施创新驱动发展战略和知识生产模式转型背景下,实施跨学科课程对提高博士生培养质量具有很强现实意义。在实施博士生跨学科课程中,需要遵循知识体系中“博大”与“精深”的平衡、教学过程中“个体”与“团体”的互动、教学内容中“教学”与“科研”的协同三对逻辑关系。囿于传统博士生教育的路径依赖影响和博士生跨学科课程的内在逻辑衍生出的现实需要制约,高校实施博士生跨学科课程面临诸多困境。从成立跨学科组织、以实践为导向开展教学、改进课程评价机制、完善学术交流平台等几个方面提出了我国高校博士生跨学科课程实施的突破路径。     

“5G+AI”视域下智慧学习空间的构建研究--基于开放大学的实践探索

5G与AI等新一代信息技术应用与融入教育,为高校实施教学改革、实现智慧教育的目标,提供了强大的技术支撑。开放大学的智慧学习空间模型是基于“AI+5G”等新一代信息技术,基于构建依据、空间内容、空间功能、构建路径四个方面构建的。以该模型为基础,以开放大学智慧学习空间学习者为研究对象,运用实证调查和SPSS分析开放大学智慧学习空间建设与应用的实践发现:开放大学整合社会和企业资源所构建的智慧学习空间能够有效支持教学,学习者对学习空间构建和应用的整体认同度高;不同性别的学习者在学习空间各个维度的认同度方面有明显差异;教师的技术应用能力、教学方法与学习空间的设施设备、技术支持、资源建设、教学平台、支持服务、互动协作,均显著影响学习者对学习空间的认同度;学习者对智慧学习空间的构建意义、特征和目标的认识存在一定的偏颇性。为此,基于智能时代的学习观,开放大学智慧学习空间建设与应用,应以智慧教育为目标,发挥智慧学习空间的教与学效用,以实现教与学质量的有效提升。     

“学在浙大”网络学习空间的构建与应用--疫情时代在线学习平台建设的探索

新冠疫情下,如何减轻教师的教学组织负担、实现传统课堂的在线授课、保障在线教学质量,成为了全球高校规范、有序开展正常教学面临的共同挑战。为应对这一挑战,文章首先系统分析了疫情防控背景下的网络学习空间演化进程。随后,文章借鉴在线学习支持服务的关键要素,构建了包含管理、教学、评价三个环节的“学在浙大”网络学习空间。最后,文章呈现了此空间在浙江大学全校范围内的在线教学应用,结果表明,此空间能高效支持在线教学,保障在线教学质量。后疫情时代,此空间将在继续教育、开放教育以及终身学习领域更大程度地发挥远程教学的价值,并为下一代智能化网络学习空间的构建、个性化教学应用提供参考。     

Transnational approaches to teaching and learning in higher education: challenges and possible guiding principles

The higher education sector has become increasingly internationalised over recent decades. This paper examines a range of challenges that can arise where teaching staff in one context support and implement learning and teaching initiatives in another international context – transnational teaching. We use examples and experiences from our own practice to highlight challenges that arise from implementing cross-cultural and transnational teaching and that warrant further exploration, including differing expectations; differing views of learners and learning; the illusory nature of transformed practice; and time constraints. We discuss these challenges in the light of Hofstede's model of cultural dimensions as well as critiquing this model. We then highlight some possible guiding principles for transnational higher education work that include modelling good practice; ensuring reciprocity and mutual benefit; ensuring individual integrity and institutional credibility; and developing and supporting transnational staff.     

Enhancing the Quality of Student Learning Through the Use of Subject Learning Plans

Emerging approaches to achieving high quality learning in higher education emphasise the need for learning to be viewed and facilitated in terms of integrated teaching‐learning elements; a range of linked experiences; clearly articulated processes and expectations; high relevance of material to student experience and the “real world”; student‐centred practice; development of lifelong learning skills; and the teacher as designer and facilitator of the environment, rather than as instructor. The Subject Learning Plan (SLP) provides a medium for designing and articulating details of a subject environment and culture having these characteristics. We contend that the quality of student learning, by design and through process, can be enhanced through the use of media such as a SLP. This position is defended with reference to an account of the genesis, design, implementation and student evaluation of a SLP in a specific context.     

Features of an Emerging Practice and Professional Development in a Science Teacher Team Collaboration with a Researcher Team

This study concerns teaching and learning development in science through collaboration between science teachers and researchers. At the core was the ambition to integrate research outcomes of science education—here ‘didactic models’—with teaching practice, aligned with professional development. The phase where the collaboration moves from initial establishment towards a stable practice is investigated. The study aims to identifying features of formation and exploring consequences for the character of contact between research and teaching. Specific questions are “What may be identified as actions and arrangements impacting the quality and continuation of the emerging practice?” and “What and in what ways may support teacher growth?” The analysis draws on practice architectures as a theoretical framework and specifically investigates the initial meetings as a practice-node for a new practice, empirically drawing on documented reflections on science teaching, primarily from meetings and communication. The results take the form of an analytical-narrative account of meetings that focused planning, enactment and reflection on teaching regarding the human body. We identify enabling actions such as collaborative work with concrete material from the classroom and arrangements such as the regular meetings and that the collaborative group had a core of shared competence—in science teaching and learning. Constraining were actions such as introducing research results with weak connection to practical action in the school practice and arrangements such as differences between school and university practice architectures and the general ‘oppression’ of teachers’ classroom practice. The discussion includes reflections on researchers’ roles and on a research and practice base for school development.     

普通高中思想政治教科书的活动设计及其教学实施

“活动型学科课程”作为普通高中思想政治课程新的课程理念与学科定位,其实现需要通过教科书中的活动设计作为学科内容的载体和实践来支撑。普通高中思想政治教科书的活动设计可以从“有什么用”“怎么使用”“谁来使用”三个角度进行设计和理解,以此构成了“活动—内容—学科核心素养”(功能维度)、“活动—情境—议题”(实践维度)、“活动—学生—教师”(主体维度)三个层面的活动设计思路。以活动设计的这三个维度为指引,推进高中思想政治课教学形态的转变,从而在“活动型学科课程”理念的教科书呈现与教学落实上确立起行动共识。     

Developing undergraduate research skills in a faculty of education: motivation through collaboration

This paper explores motivational factors underpinning undergraduates’ learning of research skills through individual research projects with collaborative tutorials. Research has long pointed to group support, positive affect and scaffolding as important for motivating and facilitating learning. Furthermore, UK government priorities have placed an increasing emphasis on the need to develop the key skills of inquiry and working with others. However, this is set in a context of assessment and practice in higher education that encourages individualist and instrumental perspectives on gaining competencies and knowledge. Traditionally undergraduate research skills have been taught through lectures and small‐scale projects chosen by the students with individual tutorial support in a faculty of education. Here our action research introduced collaborative tutorials as another element of teaching. We examine the process of collaboration to explore factors that support motivation to learn through two principal theoretical frameworks.