1980年后“探究”思想在我国中学物理教学中的发展

1980年以来,物理教学中始终关注培养学生的能力,在教学中也尝试运用问题教学法、发现学习法和探究式教学法,这些方法中都包含有探究的思想．新一轮课程改革所提倡的探究学习方式是这一思想的继承和超越．     

Inquiry-based science education: scaffolding pupils’ self-directed learning in open inquiry

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a multiple case study on open inquiry-based learning in primary schools. During open inquiry, teachers often experience difficulties in balancing support and transferring responsibility to pupils’ own learning. To facilitate teachers in guiding open inquiry, we developed hard and soft scaffolds. The hard scaffolds consisted of documents with explanations and/or exercises regarding difficult parts of the inquiry process. The soft scaffolds included explicit references to and additional explanations of the hard scaffolds. We investigated how teacher implementation of these scaffolds contributed to pupils’ self-directed learning during open inquiry. Four classes of pupils, aged 10–11, were observed while they conducted an inquiry lesson module of about 10 lessons in their classrooms. Data were acquired via classroom observations, audio recordings, and interviews with teachers and pupils. The results show that after the introduction of the hard scaffolds by the teacher, pupils were able and willing to apply them to their investigations. Combining hard scaffolds with additional soft scaffolding promoted pupils’ scientific understanding and contributed to a shared guidance of the inquiry process by the teacher and her pupils. Our results imply that the effective use of scaffolds is an important element to be included in teacher professionalisation.     

支持科学课程探究学习的实验模拟的交互因素分析

科学课程教学中利用软件模拟实验是探究学习途径的有益补充和扩展。文章针对当前实验模拟在交互方面存在的问题,结合课程标准的科学探究要求,分析实验模拟的交互因素,包括学生操作行为、学习支持和系统的反馈,并结合实例提出设计的考虑。     

模拟软件促进科学课程探究学习的作用分析

科学探究学习是创新教育的重要途径和科学学习的主要途径。模拟软件在创设自主探究学习环境和有效引导探究活动两个方面促进科学探究学习,涉及探究对象动态视觉化表征的作用、类型和方式;可操纵情境和关联的表征物在科学探究中的作用;模拟环境中科学探究活动的程序,探究活动中的指导。     

走出误区,使做中学 形神兼备

实施“做中学”过程中缺乏对其内涵的把握,简单化、孤立化、形式化、教条化地执行“做中学”的各个要素,以及教师缺乏引导（价值引领）是“做中学”步入误区的根源。教师只有在理念与行动之间进行反思,才能使新的理念内化并形成实施“做中学”所需要的教学索质,使“做中学”形神兼备。     

科学教育本质的实现途径--开展探究性学习活动

科学教育不仅向学生传授科学知识和获取科学知识的方法 ,而且还要进行科学本质教育。让学生理解科学的本质 ,是科学教育的中心任务之一。通过对一个科学课探究性学习活动案例进行评析 ,说明探究性学习活动有利于学生体验和理解科学本质 ,为科学本质教育提供了实现途径。     

Investigating the Effectiveness of Inquiry Instruction on the Motivation of Different Learning Styles Students

The purpose of this study was to investigate 8th graders with different learning styles their motivation outcomes after implementing 10 weeks (40 hours) inquiry-based teaching. Two hundreds and fifty four 8th graders were involved in experimental group, this group of students experienced inquiry instruction. Two hundreds and thirty two 8th graders were involved in control group, they were taught by traditional science teaching. Students' motivation toward science learning questionnaire (SMTSL) (Tuan, Chin & Shieh, 2005) were implemented in both groups in the beginning and at the end of the study. Students in the experimental group filled out learning preference questionnaire (Lumsdaine & Lumsdaine, 1995) in the beginning of the study. Forty students which represent different learning styles were chosen from five experimental classes to conduct post-test interview. Paired t-test, MANOVA, analytic inductive methods were used for analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data. Findings indicated that after inquiry instruction students' motivation increased significantly (p<.001) than students who enrolled in traditional teaching. Four different learning styles of students increased significantly (p<.005) in SMTSL scales: self-efficacy, active learning strategies, science learning value, performance goal and achievement goal. No significant difference was found among four learning styles of students' motivation after inquiry teaching. Interview data supported that most of students with different learning styles were willing to participate in the inquiry learning activities, while they hold different reasons for their engagement. Findings confirm inquiry-based science teaching can motivate students with different learning styles in science learning. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Assessment of the Learning Environment of Inquiry-Type Laboratories in High School Chemistry

An inquiry-type laboratory has been implemented into the chemistry curriculum in high schools in Israel. In this study, we investigated the idea that generally the science laboratory provides a unique learning environment that differs from the learning environment that exists in classrooms in which other instructional techniques are used. Moreover, the inquiry laboratory provides students with a learning situation in which they are involved in activities that might influence some of the variables that are influencing the learning environment of such laboratories. In this study, the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) was used to assess the students' perceptions of their chemistry laboratory learning environment. Statistical comparison of two groups (control and inquiry) revealed significant differences between the groups regarding their actual perceptions. Moreover, it was found that the differences between the actual and preferred laboratory learning environment were significantly smaller for the inquiry group than for the control group. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Avoiding the Perils of “Teacher-Proof” Online Design: A Content Analysis

This content analysis explored how previously validated Web-based inquiries (WBIs) for science instruction are designed and to what extent they match the proposed teacher-support guidelines of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Examined WBIs implemented few recommended teacher-support mechanisms. This article explores the reasons why so few mechanisms were supported and proposes ways to enhance the curricular usefulness of WBIs by incorporating more recommended mechanisms.     

联结学习设计与学习分析:教师技术创新教学的突破口——访西班牙巴利亚多利德大学雅尼斯·迪米特里亚迪斯教授

雅尼斯·迪米特里亚迪斯(Yannis Dimitriadis)教授任职西班牙巴利亚多利德大学远程信息技术工程系,兼任信息通讯技术与教学研究中心GSIC/EMIC研究团队负责人,主持和参与了五十多项国际国内科研项目,在教育技术顶级期刊发表了八十多篇学术论文,组织了多次学习科学高端国际学术专题研讨会和工作坊。研究方向包括学习设计、计算机支持协作学习、学习分析等。本次访谈着重于介绍学习设计的核心思想,即无论外部学习技术如何变化,“教学法为王”的原则在教育教学情境中的主导地位不能变。因此,人工智能时代的学习技术仍需为创新教学服务。从教师角度看,联结学习设计与学习分析为教师技术创新教学提供了突破口。一方面,学习设计为学习分析提供理论引导,便于教师精准知晓学习者在不同学习活动中的学习情况,另一方面,学习分析为优化学习设计提供基于数据驱动的方法指导,便于教师靶向式更新学习活动设计。践行学习设计与学习分析双向互动的发展路径,需要建立研究者与教师合作设计机制,引导教师参与学习设计;推进隐性设计知识在学习设计中的应用;关注教师探究学习者学习过程。本次访谈对新时代背景下信息技术与教学应用的深度融合提供了新的理念和方法指导。     

试论初中科学教学中学生学习兴趣的激发

学习兴趣是学生学习动机的重要心理因素.在科学教学中如何激发学生的学习兴趣,充分发挥学生的主观能动作用,以提高教学质量,是值得科学教师探讨的重要课题.本文结合初中科学课程改革的特点及其学生心理发展特征,从创设教学情景、鼓励学生探究、学以致用、师生情感等四个方面探讨了激发学生的学习兴趣的教学策略.     

国外关于科学本质教学的研究

促进学生对科学本质的理解已成为科学教育的根本目标之一.科学本质阐明了科学所具有的基本特征,是人们对科学本质属性的正确认识.本文对国外关于科学本质的内涵、科学本质的教学内容与学习范畴、融入科学史的科学本质教学、科学探究及科学本质教学的研究等作了概述.     

论基于探究的科学教学

随着国家基础教育课程改革向纵深方向发展,基于探究的科学教学已越来越被广大教师认同,并作为一种教学模式被教师所掌握,但在实际的科学教学中还存在着许多偏差。文章基于教师的角度,试图从传统的科学教学、学生学习科学以及探究性教学等方面来论述基于探究的科学教学的一些特点,并指出了教师应该努力的方向。     

从归纳到演绎——元认知学习环教学模式及案例分析

随着对学习环教学模式研究的深入,元认知学习环教学模式逐渐引起了各国的重视。这一模式逐渐发展成概念评价、探索、介绍、运用四个阶段,是一个使学生的认知从归纳思维向演绎思维过渡的阶段。本文介绍并分析了元认知学习环模式的教学案例,以便于人们分享取得较好学习效果的实践经验。     

构建大学生研究性学习的新体系

论述了研究性学习的时代意义;研究性学习的内涵及其特征;提出了构建以人为本的学习理念,教学环节中渗透研究性学习模式与独立的研究性学习模式的新体系。明确提出了构建大学生研究性学习体系的支撑条件。