慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者T淋巴细胞亚群的研究

对慢性支气管炎急性发作期和缓解期患者体内T淋巴细胞亚群进行研究，用荧光单抗CD4^ 、C8^ /CD28^-,CD8^ /CD28^ 对T淋巴细胞亚群进行标记和计数。检测结果显示慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者体内CD4^ 无明显变化；CD8^ /CD28^-增加;CD8^ /CD28^ 减少。我们认为慢性支气管炎急性期患者T淋巴细胞亚群变化造成免疫功能紊乱。因此在治疗疾病过程中，除对症处理外，另须配合使用提高免疫功能药物，改善免疫功能。     

慢性支气管炎急性发作期危重病人免疫功能的研究

对慢性支气管炎急性发作期和缓解期患者机体免疫功能进行了研究,用荧光单抗ＣＤ^ 3、ＣＤ^ 25对Ｔ淋巴细胞进行标记和计数。检测结果,慢性支气管炎急性发作期患者内Ｔ淋巴细胞活化率降低,造成Ｔ淋巴细胞总数减少,认为因慢性支气管炎急性期患者Ｔ淋巴细胞总数养活和免疫功能紊乱,因此在治疗疾病过程中除对症处理外,还须配合使用提高功能药物,改善免疫功能。     

再生障碍性贫血患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测在治疗选择上的意义

目的：探讨再生障碍性贫血患者治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测的变化及其在不同治疗中的意义。为合理治疗提供依据。方法：采用流式细胞技术检测40例再生障碍性贫血患者治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测的变化及CD4＋／CD8＋,并根据其比值与正常对照组比较将患者分为比值正常型、比值倒置和比值超高型3个免疫亚型。同时按常规治疗和联合免疫抑制治疗进行疗效比较。结果：单独常规治疗时。3个亚型组之间疗效无明显差异;联合免疫抑制治疗时,比值正常型患者的总有效率与常规治疗组无显著差异,而免疫倒置型和免疫异常型（比值减低和增高）患者总有效率较同组常规治疗疗效均显著提高（P〈0．05）,也显著高于比值正常者（P〈0．05）。结论：大多数再生障碍性贫血患者存在着CD4＋／CD8＋的失调。再生障碍性贫血患者的发病机制与免疫异常有密切的相关性。T淋巴细胞亚群检测对临床了解病情和发病机制、合理选择治疗方案、提高诊断和治疗水平都具有重要价值。     

大众健美操锻炼对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血红蛋白A1c和T细胞的影响

探讨大众健美操对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血红蛋白A1c和T细胞的影响机制.方法:30名Ⅱ型糖尿病女性患者,进行为期6个月的大众健美操训练,在训练前后测定血红蛋白A1c、全血计数和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况.结果:大众健美操训练后,患者的血红蛋白A1c、T淋巴细胞计数以及CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+发生显著性变化.结论:大众健美操训练可以通过对血红蛋白A1c和T细胞的影响,提高Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的免疫机能,改善病情.     

健脾益气膏方联合HAART促进气虚型免疫重建不良艾滋病患者免疫重建的临床研究

目的:观察健脾益气膏方联合HAART促进气虚型免疫重建不良艾滋病患者免疫重建的临床疗效;方法:纳入气虚型免疫重建不良艾滋病患者82例,随机分为两组,治疗组采用健脾益气膏方联合HAART,对照组单纯使用HAART,用药3个月,观察治疗前后CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、症状体征积分、生活质量评分等。结果:两组在年龄、病程、性别等方面没有差异(P0.05),具有可比性;治疗前、治疗后两组症状体征积分、卡氏积分、ALT都没有差异;两组治疗前组间CD4+T淋巴细胞计数比较没有差异(P0.05),治疗后组间CD4+T淋巴细胞计数比较有差异(P0.05),组内CD4+T淋巴细胞计数比较有差异(P0.05),治疗后CD4+T淋巴细胞均增高。结论:健脾益气膏方联合HAART可以促进气虚型免疫重建不良艾滋病患者免疫重建。     

论运动对淋巴细胞的影响

淋巴细胞是机体重要的免疫细胞,淋巴细胞数量和功能的变化能反映机体的免疫水平。本文通过综述的方法论述了运动对淋巴细胞数量、T淋巴细胞及亚群、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞和淋巴细胞凋亡的影响     

探讨组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床病理特点和免疫表型

目的:探讨组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎的临床病理特点和免疫表型。方法:取62例组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎患者作为研究对象,分别进行免疫组织化学检查、原位杂交检查,分析该病的临床病理特点和免疫表型。结果:免疫组织化学检查显示病变区存在增生细胞,且主要为组织细胞、浆样树突状细胞、T淋巴细胞,浆样树突状细胞阳性表达呈现聚集状,且有髓过氧化物酶强表达,增生T淋巴细胞中,存在CD4、CD8阳性表达,且在T细胞中的数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);原位杂交检验显示62例患者中,5例存在阳性细胞,阳性检出率8.06%(5/62),其余57例均呈阴性。结论:临床诊断组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎主要以淋巴结活检为主,以明确其病理学改变,病灶区域细胞颗粒酶B、TIA1、CD3、CD4、髓过氧化物酶呈现阳性免疫表型,能有效诊断组织细胞坏死性淋巴结炎。     

论运动对淋巴细胞的影响

淋巴细胞是机体重要的免疫细胞,淋巴细胞数量和功能的变化能反映机体的免疫水平。本文通过综述的方法论述了运动对淋巴细胞数量、T淋巴细胞及亚群、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞和淋巴细胞凋亡的影响     

头颈癌患者手术前后T细胞亚群的观察

对３０例头颈癌患者手术前后的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化进行观察，结果表明：头颈患者的ＣＤ＋８较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８值比健康人显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），且有随临床分期增加而ＣＤ＋８升高及ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值下降的趋势，Ⅰ－Ⅱ期与Ⅲ－Ⅳ期相比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而手术后ＣＤ＋８逐渐下降，ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８值却较术前有明显回升，术前与术后比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）．说明头颈癌患者存在着明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱，并随病情的发展而加重；而彻底切除肿瘤是迅速恢复机体细胞免疫功能的有效手段．提示：Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群检测对头颈癌患者的病情发展、免疫功能评定及疗效观察具有一定参考价值     

原发性肾病综合症患者T细胞亚群检测的临床意义

目的:探讨原发性肾病综合症患儿T细胞亚群变化的临床意义。方法:运用SPA花环法检测30原发性肾病综合症患儿活动期和缓解期T细胞亚群的变化。结果:活动期CD3 、CD4 、CD4/CD8低于缓解期,差异显著(P<0.01)与对照组比有统计学差异(P<0.01),缓解期与对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:原发性肾病综合症患儿免疫功能低下,T细胞亚群可作为检测其变化的指标之一。     

淋巴细胞亚群的功能及其辐射效应

应用淋巴细胞单克隆抗体(McAb)的Panning法或亲和层析分纯 CD_4~+、CD_8~+、B细胞和非CD_4~+细胞,也应用PHA、ConA、PWM和LPS分别激活淋巴细胞,然后用~3H-TdR按入、集落形成及羟基磷灰石方法,探讨了各亚群淋巴细胞的调节功能及其辐射效应.实验结果表明PWM能激活CD_4~+、非CD_4~+和B细胞,PWM细胞能诱导LPS细胞转化,其中一种细胞受照即失去协同作用,PWM细胞受照影响更严重.ConA能激活CD_4~+和CD_8~+细胞,两者均可抑制LPS细胞转化,并能互相增强抑制效应,受照后消失.辐射敏感性比较:ConA细胞和PHA细胞大于PWM细胞,PWM细胞大于LPS细胞,CD_8~+细胞和B细胞大于CD_4~+细胞。     

Modifications in flow cytometric estimation of t cell subsets and b cells in peripheral blood to reduce the cost of investigation

The development of monoclonal antibodies combined with flow cytometry has revolutionized the analysis of lymphocyte subsets. These newer methods using the Q-prep leucocyte preparation system require only 1–2 ml of blood as compared to 10 ml required traditionally. One of the main impediments in the use of this superior technology in Indian laboratories has been the high cost of reagents. This study evaluated methods to reduce the cost of assays. In the first experiment from 26 healthy subjects, 2ml venous blood samples in EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra-acetate) were obtained. Each sample was divided into two equal portions, one portion was stained using diluted monoclonal antibody, whereas the other portion was stained using standard concentrations of antibodies. In the second experiment, blood samples from 12 subjects were again divided into 2 portions; one portion of each pair was processed using commercial Q-prep reagents while the other portion was processed using our own reagents. In the first experiment, which evaluated use of a diluted antibody against the standard recommended concentrations, a 5-tube panel that estimated CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 was used. In the second experiment CD3, CD4 and CD8 were estimated. The total cost per sample for a 5-panel estimation was however reduced from $39.11 to $1.10. Given the proven advantages of using a whole blood stain-lyse method for T cell subset estimations, its use should be encouraged in developing country settings. With the suggested methods the whole blood Q-prep could be performed at appreciably reduced costs, without loss in precision.     

Interleukin-6 Perpetrator of the COVID-19 Cytokine Storm

COVID-19 has emerged as a global pandemic. It is mainly manifested as pneumonia which may deteriorate into severe respiratory failure. The major hallmark of the disease is the systemic inflammatory immune response characterized by Cytokine Storm (CS). CS is marked by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Of these, IL-6 is found to be significantly associated with higher mortality. IL-6 is also a robust marker for predicting disease prognosis and deterioration of clinical profile. In this review, the pivotal role played by IL-6 in the immuno-pathology of COVID-19 has been illustrated. The role of IL-6 as a pleiotropic cytokine executing both pro and anti-inflammatory activities has been reviewed. ADAM 10, a metalloproteinase switches the anti-inflammatory pathway of IL-6 to pro inflammatory hence blocking the action of ADAM 10 could be a new therapeutic strategy to mitigate the proinflammatory action of IL-6. Furthermore, we explore the role of anti-IL6 agents, IL-6 receptor antibodies which were being used for autoimmune diseases but now are being repurposed for the therapy of COVID-19.     

Autoimmune thyroid disorders—An update

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), a common organ specific autoimmune disorder is seen mostly in women between 30–50 yrs of age. Thyroid autoimmunity can cause several forms of thyroiditis ranging from hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) to hyperthyroidism (Graves’Disease). Prevalence rate of autoimmune mediated hypothyroidism is about 0.8 per 100 and 95% among them are women. Graves’ disease is about one tenth as common as hypothyroidism and tends to occur more in younger individuals. Both these disorders share many immunologic features and the disease may progress from one state to other as the autoimmune process changes. Genetic, environmental and endogenous factors are responsible for initiation of thyroid autoimmunity. At present the only confirmed genetic factor lies in HLA complex (HLA DR-3) and the T cell regulatory gene (CTLA 4). A number of environmental factors like viral infection, smoking, stress & iodine intake are associated with the disease progression. The development of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) thyroglobulin (TG) and Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSH R) is the main hallmark of AITD. Circulating T Lymphocytes are increased in AITD and thyroid gland is infiltrated with CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. Wide varieties of cytokines are produced by infiltrated immune cells, which mediate cytotoxicity leading to thyroid cell destruction. Circulating antibodies to TPO and TG are measured by immunofluorescense, hemagglutination, ELISA & RIA. TSHR antibodies of Graves’ disease can be measured in bioassays or indirectly in assays that detect antibody binding to the receptor.     

可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1与

以溶解或循环形式存在于机体血清及其它体液中的可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)的重要生物学功能是,与膜型ICAM-1竞争性地结合白细胞膜表面的LFA-1、Mac-1等分子,参与机体的免疫调节,从而与肿瘤的发生、发展和转归密切相关。本文综述了sICAM-1的来源、结构、功能及其与肺癌的相互关系。     

近50年东江流域极端降水事件变化特征

基于东江流域1960年-2009年逐日降水数据资料,运用Mann-Kendall非参数检验、滑动T检验和Morlet小波分析法,分析了近50年来东江流域极端降水事件的时空变化特征.结果表明,东江流域极端降水指数的多年平均值及变化趋势的空间分布存在明显区域差异.极端降水指数增幅较大的区域位于流域下游,以增城为中心的地区升幅尤为明显,流域上、中游地区变化幅度相对较小.近50年来,整个东江流域极端降水指数未表现出明显的变化趋势,除连续湿日数外,其他极端降水指数仅呈现出弱的上升趋势.东江流域的极端降水与年降水量密切相关.流域极端降水指数的突变特征并不一致,5日最大降水量、强降水日数、连续干日数及连续湿日数分别在1984年-1985年、1973年、2005年和1978年前后发生突变.近50年东江流域极端降水事件变化,普遍存在着22～23年左右的主周期和7～8年左右的次周期.     

第19届世界杯欧亚足球队球员年龄、身高、体重比较研究

采用了T检验法．对第19届足球世界杯赛中参赛的欧亚球队球员的年龄、身高、体重等指标进行了比较分析。结果表明：（1）欧亚球员在年龄方面没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）;在身高、体重方面均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;（2）欧洲球队不同位置球员和亚洲球队不同位置球员在年龄、身高、体重方面均没有显著性差异（p〉0．05）;（3）欧亚球队同一位置的球员中．门将的身高方面具有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01）;后卫的身高、体重,中场球员的年龄,前锋球员的身高、体重方面均具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;其他均没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。所得结果为我国足球运动员选材提供了一定的参考依据。     

血管紧张素原基因CD235Met-Thr变异与高血压脑梗塞发病的相关性

探讨汉族人群血管紧张素原(AGT)基因CD235Met-Thr变异与高血压合并脑梗塞发生的关系.采用突变基因分离聚合酶链反应(MS-PCR)方法检测82例高血压合并脑梗塞患者(BI)、67例单纯高血压患者(EH)和95例健康对照者(C)的M235T等位基因型.BI组AGT基因T/T基因型频率和T等位基因频率(分别为0.720和0.811)显著高于C组(分别为0.516和0.700,P＜0.05)和EH组(分别为0.537和0.716,P＜0.05).结果提示,AGT基因CD235Met-Thr变异增加了汉族人群高血压合并脑梗塞发病的易感性.