PdSi合金与金属Cr膜压痕蠕变研究

蠕变变形是薄膜和微机电系统应用中普遍存在的可靠性问题,因此有必要考察薄膜材料和小体积材料的蠕变行为。采用深度敏感纳米压痕方法对单晶PdSi合金和金属Ni基体上沉积Cr膜进行了室温压痕蠕变研究,分析蠕变应力指数和蠕变机制。结果表明:随硬度减小,蠕变深度增大,在不同应变率下计算得出应力指数PdSi合金在26.3~47.1之间;金属Cr膜在4.1~22.5之间。蠕变变形机制是位错的滑动和攀移,在高应变率下保载阶段瞬时影响更显著。     

热处理对CuCr/1Cr18Ni9Ti结合区的影响

试验研究了热处理对CuCr/1Cr18Ni9Ti双金属复合材料结合区组织和性能的影响。结果表明,热处理后,结合区没有明显的裂纹和脆化现象,界面反应层宽度无明显增加;热处理工艺明显提高了1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的硬度,界面反应层和CuCr合金的显微硬度略有增加。     

弹塑性断裂的内参量热力学分析——Ⅰ.线弹性裂纹体的裂纹扩展

本文在内参量热力学的理论框架内详细讨论了线弹性裂纹体的裂纹扩展问题。对线弹性断裂力学中所涉及到的各种能量关系作了统一的整理,其中包括Irwin的弹性能释放率——裂纹扩展力,Griffith的脆性断裂准则,以及Irwin-Kies的柔度公式和Paris的位移公式。本文以中心裂纹体为例,详细计算了裂纹扩展的稳定性,并区分恒载荷和恒位移两种情况,对材料断裂韧性测试中所遇到的失稳扩展,稳定扩展以及进发现象提供了理论说明。     

Fe含量对Ni-Fe-Ga合金马氏体相变的影响

利用金相显微技术和示差扫描量热法研究了合金成分对Ni-Fe-Ga铁磁形状记忆合金马氏体相变的影响,用X射线衍射方法分析了马氏体的结构类型.研究发现,Ni代替Fe显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度,每1%Ni可以使合金马氏体相变温度提高约40 K.X射线衍射表明Ni73.5-yFeyGa26.5合金773K真空退火后都只出现4M型晶体结构的马氏体.     

ZL109铸造铝合金高温疲劳分析

对ZL109材料在AMSLER100HFP500高频疲劳试验机上进行高温高频疲劳试验。利用升降法和配对法得出中值疲劳强度(疲劳极限)σ50=144.75 MPa。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对断口形貌进行分析,研究裂纹源的形成原因。通过研究ZL109合金的高温疲劳性能和断口形貌,澄清了裂纹源形成的原因。结果表明铸造缺陷是裂纹源形成的主要原因,高温疲劳断裂是蠕变-疲劳交互作用的过程,合理的成分和工艺有利于提高材料的高温性能和疲劳寿命。本工作为新活塞材料的开发提供了依据。     

特征构件疲劳裂纹扩展试验研究

由于高强度钢在疲劳断裂过程中很难产生辉纹,给裂纹扩展的研究带来一定的困难。本文在对接焊平板的疲劳断裂试验中,采用降载勾线法制造出"海滩状花纹",借此对裂纹扩展过程中裂纹前缘形状和裂纹扩展速率进行分析,并与Newman-Raju公式的计算结果进行比较。     

da/dN的柔度法标定

本文介绍了疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN教学实验中的柔度法标定。在疲劳裂纹扩展速率da／dN的测试中，读取裂纹长度a对学生来说非常困难。本文通过拟合裂纹长度a与疲劳试验机的系统频率f的关系曲线，成功解决了这个问题。     

迈克尔逊干涉仪研究Fe-Ni-Co超因瓦合金的热膨胀性能

采用改装后的迈克尔逊干涉仪测量了不同化学成分的三元Fe-Ni-Co合金和二元Fe-Ni合金在25~65℃的热膨胀系数。实验发现,三元Fe64Ni36-xCox合金的化学成分对其热膨胀系数有很大的影响,Fe64Ni31Co5合金的热膨胀系数最小,达到0.79×10-6/℃;偏离该成分,合金的热膨胀系数升高。二元Fe-Ni合金的化学成分对其热膨胀系数也有很大的影响,Fe65Ni35合金的热膨胀系数最小,达到1.58×10-6/℃;偏离该成分,合金的热膨胀系数升高。Fe64Ni31Co5超因瓦合金的热膨胀系数比Fe65Ni35因瓦合金更低。Fe-Ni合金的热膨胀系数随Ni含量的变化相对较大;而Fe64Ni36-xCox合金的热膨胀系数随Co含量的变化相对较小。     

多轴载荷作用下表面裂纹的疲劳扩展

通过对圆柱体直前缘表面裂纹在循环拉伸与循环扭转载荷共同作用下的扩展规律进行实验研究,分析了不同载荷曲线相位差、以及拉扭应力幅度对表面裂纹扩展路径、疲劳寿命和裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:不同的相位差对裂纹扩展行为有着非常重要的影响。初始阶段的裂纹扩展主要受到剪应力幅度的影响,后继扩展则依赖于轴向应力幅度。拉应力和剪应力的增加均会增加裂纹扩展速率,但轴向应力幅度变化的影响大于剪切应力幅度。     

14Cr17Ni2钢锻件断裂原因分析

针对14Cr17Ni2钢锻件锻造退火后出现裂纹的原因对裂纹周围试样进行取样,对金相试样及断口位置进行了金相显微观察、扫描电镜形貌观察和能谱分析,研究了锻钢金相组织和热处理工艺,并对14Cr17Ni2钢锻件原料采购及锻造热处理工艺进行了改进,可以避免14Cr17Ni2钢锻件锻后裂纹的出现。     

蠕变条件下完整岩石的起裂和扩展准则

The mechanism and criterion of crack initiation and propagation of rocks were investigated by many researchers,And the creep behaviour of rocks was also theoretically and experimentally studied by some scientists and engineers.The characteristics of crack initation and propagation of rocks under creep condition.however,are very improtant for rock engineering and still not paid enough attention by researchers,In this paper,the criterion and mechanism of crack initiation and propagation under creep condition were investigated using specimens collected from sandstone rock formations outcropping in the Emei Mountain,the Sichuan Province of China.Cuboid specimens under three point bending were used in this investigation.All specimens were classified into four sorts and used for Mode-I fracutre of creep frcture tests.The experimental result shows that due to creep deformation.rock crack will inevitably initialt and propagate under a load of KI,which is less than fracture toughness KIC but not less than a constant(marked as KIC2),KIC2 indicates the ability of rock to resist crack initiation and propagation under creep conditions and is less than fracture tough ness KIC.defined as creep fracture toughness in this paper,KIC2 should be considered as an importnat parameter on design and computation of rock engineering.The microstructureal mechanism for crack initiation and propagation of rock materials under creep condition was introduced based on competitive model between softening effect and hardening effect,and the validity of test result was explained.The test result was also verified in rheological theory.When KI is more than KIC2 but less than KIC,rock crack will initiate and propagate after a time interval of sustained loading under creep condition.In order to find the relation between duration of sustained lading.which can lead to crack initiation and propagation,and the initial stress intensity factor KI,an unequal0interval time sequence forecasting and predicting model was introduced,and the relation was obtained for homogeneous and isotropic fine-grained red sandstone.Finally a modified fracture toughness formula was given,in which the influence of fracture process zone(FPZ) was fully considered.     

Al_2O_3/CaCO3/PTFE三元复合材料力学性能探讨

采用纳米粒子二元复配填充改性及冷压烧结工艺,制备了Al_2O_3/CaCO_3/PTFE三元复合材料,对其力学性能进行了探讨。实验结果表明,纳米粒子的填充显著提高了PTFE的摩擦磨损性能、硬度、抗蠕变性能及拉伸强度,降低了断裂伸长率。当Al2O3质量分数为20%、CaCO_3质量分数为10%时,PTFE复合材料综合力学性能优异。     

玻璃纤维对水泥石强化效应的焦散线实验研究(英文)

采用反射式焦散线方法对水泥石中添加玻璃纤维后的强度变化问题进行了实验研究.首先,制作了不添加与添加玻璃纤维的2种水泥石试件,并采用镜面移植方法在试件的表面进行反射镜面的制作与加工.然后,采用多火花式高速摄影系统对试件在冲击断裂过程中的裂纹扩展和裂纹尖端焦散线的情景进行记录.最后,对2种试件的裂纹起裂时间、动态应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速度等参数进行计算和对比分析.分析发现,玻璃纤维提高了水泥石的断裂韧度、延迟了裂纹的起裂时间,对水泥石具有明显的强化效应.实验结果对研究水泥石的断裂力学属性特征具有一定意义.     

4Cr13不锈钢模具开裂原因分析及改进措施

捅善芒：采用化学分析、金相检验等分析方法,对4Cr13不锈钢模具在使用中发生开裂的原因进行了分析。模具的内壁离断裂面不远处有一条横裂纹,裂纹长40ram,裂纹中间有小孔洞存在。分析结果表明：4Cr13模具组织中有大量共晶碳化物是导致裂纹产生的主要原因。通过改进4Cr13钢的冶炼、浇注,锻造工艺,减少钢锭中碳化物量,可以消除4Cr13模具中共晶碳化物缺陷,使其裂纹发生率降低。关键词：4Cr13模具;共晶碳化物;裂纹中图分类号：TF764．1文献标识码：B文章编号：1672—9994（2013）03—0013一03     

不同掺加剂大粒径沥青碎石黏弹性研究

为了研究掺加橡胶粉或玻璃纤维对大粒径沥青碎石黏弹性能的影响,通过单轴静载蠕变试验,得到不同荷载和不同沥青用量下的大粒径沥青碎石应变-时间曲线,并采用Burger模型对其蠕变柔量进行表述,得出以下结论:当w(沥青)=3.3%时,掺有橡胶粉或玻璃纤维的大粒径沥青碎石性能最佳,相较于掺加玻璃纤维的大粒径沥青碎石,掺加橡胶粉的大粒径沥青碎石抵抗瞬时抗变形能力较弱,抵抗永久变形能力较强。随着荷载的增加,掺加玻璃纤维或橡胶粉的大粒径沥青碎石抵抗瞬时变形能力和永久变形能力也逐渐增强。     

J-integral resistance curve testing and evaluation

In this paper a critical review is presented ofthe history and current state of the art of J-integral resistance curve testing and experimental evaluation methods in conjunction with a discussion of the development of the plane strain fracture toughness test standard ASTM E 1820 developed by American Society for Testing and Materials （ASTM）. Early research efforts on this topic are reviewed first, These include the J-integral concept, experimental estimates of the J-integral for stationary cracks, load line displacement （LLD） and crack mouth opening displacement （CMOD） based ηfactor equations, different formulations of J-integral incremental equations for growing cracks, crack growth corrected .JR curve determination, and experimental test methods. Recent developments in J-R curve testing and evaluation are then described, with emphasis on accurate J-integral incremental equations, a normalization method, a modified basic method, a CMOD direct method with use of incremental equations, relationships of plastic geometry factors, constraint-dependent J-R curve testing and correction approaches. An overview of the present fracture toughness test standard ASTM E1820-08a is then presented. The review shows that after more than 40 years of investigation and development, the J-integral resistance curve test methods in ASTM E1820 have become simpler, more cost-effective and more accurate.     

Adjustment of B3 model for drying concrete with additives based on experimental data

All currently avalable concrete creep predicting models cannot describe well the creep of a concrete structure because they all leave the effects of additives out of consideration. The purpose of this work was to modify model B3 for overcoming this deficiency. We tested thirteen specimens of C40 and C50 concrete with additives, out of which nine were for creep and four for shrinkage tests over a 700 d period under controlled temperature. We compared the experimental results for creep and shrinkage with those obtained by using model B3, and derived modification terms through regression analysis. Based on the experimental results of identical specimens under varied stress levels, we also derived a function considering the effect of stress level on creep. It is suggested that the creep prediction models without adjustment should not be used for modem concrete with a variety of additives.     

Fatigue crack growth rate test using a frequency sweep method

Fatigue crack propagation characteristics of a diesel engine crankshaft are studied by measuring the fatigue crack growth rate using a frequency sweep method on a resonant fatigue test rig. Based on the phenomenon that the system frequency will change when the crack becomes large, this method can be directly applied to a complex component or structure. Finite element analyses （FEAs） are performed to calibrate the relation between the frequency change and the crack size, and to obtain the natural frequency of the test rig and the stress intensity factor （SIF） of growing cracks. The crack growth rate i.e. da/dN-AK of each crack size is obtained by combining the testing-time monitored data and FEA results. The results show that the crack growth rate of engine crankshaft, which is a component with complex geometry and special surface treatment, is quite different from that of a pure material. There is an apparent turning point in the Paris＇s crack partition. The cause of the fatigue crack growth is also discussed.     

装配式楼盖裂缝的机理分析及对策

通过对混凝土变形机理的分析,对预应力空心板的设计、制作及施工各个阶段提出了应采取的措施,以减少或消除装配式楼盖中的裂缝。     

Advances in research of stress-assisted corrosion fatigue problem

Ceramic materials are notable for their rigidity, insulation and resistance to hostile environment, Nevertheless, if a stressed ceramic component is exposed to chemical attack, it may suffer from a form of delayed fracture known as static fatigue. From the point of view of a designer, it is clearly desirable to determine the behavior of sub-critical crack growth; the crack path and crack growth rate, as a function of material properties and loading conditions are of particular interest. This paper presents a review of advances in stress assisted corrosion problem in history and its corresponding numerical approaches in the last decades, and finally, comes uo with consideration and crucial suggestions for future work.