制造业服务化、知识资本与技术创新

基于技术创新理论与知识资本理论,首先从理论上深入探讨了制造业服务化对技术创新的直接影响机制,以及基于知识资本的中介作用机制,其中将知识资本界定为研发资本、人力资本和创新设施资本三个维度,之后利用2000—2014年中国制造业行业面板数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：从直接影响机制看,制造业服务化对技术创新具有显著的正向影响,但该影响效应存在着行业异质性;从制造业行业异质性视角看,制造业服务化对劳动密集型制造业技术创新的影响并不显著,对资本密集型和技术密集型制造业技术创新的影响却是显著的,但影响效应不存在着差异性;从服务要素投入行业异质性视角看,低端服务要素投入对技术创新的服务化效应具有显著的负向影响,而高端服务要素投入则具有显著的正向影响。从中介作用机制看,研发资本、人力资本和创新设施资本是制造业服务化影响技术创新的中介作用渠道,其中创新设施资本的中介作用效应最大,研发资本的中介作用效应最小。     

基于SFA模型的新疆装备制造业技术创新效率及影响因素分析

运用随机前沿模型,以新疆2000—2014年7个装备制造业行业的面板数据为样本,研究新疆装备制造业的技术创新效率及其影响因素。结果表明,2000—2014年新疆装备制造业及其细分产业技术创新效率的起点不高,但总体稳步上升,各细分行业之间差距不大,仍具有较大的提升空间。产业规模、产业开放度、资本-劳动比率、技术装备水平对新疆装备制造业技术创新效率有正向影响,其中,产业规模、技术装备水平、资本-劳动比率的影响较大,而产业开放度的影响较小,这与新疆本地产品贸易不足有关。     

战略性新兴产业技术转移、内部研发能力与技术创新绩效关系研究——以中成药制造业为例

利用1995—2016年数据,采用层次回归模型,探讨中国中成药制造业的技术转移、内部研发能力影响其知识创新绩效、产品创新绩效的作用机制。研究发现,中国中成药制造业国外技术引进与产业的知识创新绩效存在负向相关性,与产业的产品创新绩效存在正"U"型相关关系;中国中成药制造业国内技术购买与产业的知识创新绩效存在正相关关系,与产品创新绩效存在倒"U"型相关关系;中国中成药制造业内部研发能力对国内技术购买与技术创新绩效间的相关关系具有正向调节效应,对国外技术引进与技术创新绩效间关系不具有调节作用。     

我国制造业技术创新效率的变动及其影响因素——基于2001-2008年29个行业的面板数据分析

基于非参数Malmquist生产率指数分析法实证测评了我国制造业29个行业在2001-2008年间技术创新效率的动态变化,并运用面板数据模型探讨了各影响因素对技术创新效率的具体效应。研究发现:我国制造业技术创新效率的改善不明显,年均增长0.8%,主要来源是技术效率的改善;29个行业年均技术创新效率的变化指数存在差异,其中有14个行业的技术创新效率正向增长,26个行业实现了技术效率的改善;我国制造业技术创新效率受诸多因素影响,市场结构、企业规模与技术创新效率显著正相关,而企业所有制对技术创新效率的作用不明显。     

山西装备制造业技术创新效率差异及其影响因素分析

运用DEA模型测算并分析了山西装备制造业技术创新效率的差异及存在的原因。研究表明:山西装备制造业的技术创新效率总体水平不高,行业差异较为明显;金属制品业技术创新效率要高于其他行业;能源的可获得性和政府创新经费的投入对行业的技术创新效率有较大的推动作用。最后,提出了提高山西装备制造业技术创新效率的政策建议。     

基于DEA-Malmquist的中国制造业绿色技术创新效率测算

为促进中国制造业的高质量发展和绿色制造转型,本文集成运用DEA-BCC模型与Malmquist指数对2013—2019年中国制造业不同污染等级下29个子行业的静态和动态绿色技术创新效率进行研究与分析。测算结果表明：中国制造业绿色技术创新效率整体偏低,但处于不断增强的趋势,效率偏低的主因是企业规模配置不当;中国制造业在2013—2019年的绿色技术创新效率整体上提升了7.7%,驱动因素主要是技术效率和技术进步;中国制造业子行业绿色技术创新效率增长率随着污染程度的下降逐渐提升,重度污染行业在技术创新方面并没有充分做到技术研发和环境保护相协调,仍有较大提升空间。     

陕西装备制造业集中度对技术创新绩效影响研究

选用区位商法以及DEA-Malmquist方法分别对陕西省装备制造业的集中度和技术创新绩效进行测度分析,并研究集中度对技术创新绩效的影响。结果显示在陕西省装备制造业中,行业集中度与全要素生产率、技术效率、技术进步都有相关性。陕西省应根据实际情况,促进装备制造业持续发展。     

技术体制、研发努力与创新绩效:来自中国制造业的证据

区别于传统的"结构-创新"分析框架,本文主要从行业技术发展特征的角度,分析技术体制对技术创新的影响.利用中国制造业的数据,本文的研究结果表明,技术体制的各个维度不仅显著地影响了企业的研发努力,而且也在一定程度上决定着创新绩效.本研究还发现盈利水平也影响研发努力程度;我国企业间的竞争主要还是非创新竞争;与港澳台资本相比,外商资本的知识溢出效益更明显.     

贸易开放、技术创新对我国西部制造业碳排放绩效影响研究

利用2005—2015年的面板数据,采用DEA方法中的EBM模型,测算中国西部11个省市的制造业碳排放绩效,并通过建立面板Tobit模型,分析贸易开放和技术创新对我国西部制造业碳排放绩效的影响。研究发现,我国西部制造业碳排放绩效呈波动递减的趋势,且整体处于较低水平,而规模效率偏低是其偏低的主要原因;对西部制造业来说,贸易开放度对其碳排放绩效的提高有明显的推动作用;技术创新对其碳排放绩效呈正向影响。认为政府应鼓励西部地区制造业对外开放,带动当地经济发展;同时西部地区制造业应加强技术创新,以实现经济低碳绿色发展的目标。     

双元创新对中国制造业盈利能力的异质性效应分析

由于市场竞争的复杂化、技术创新的动态化以及国际环境的不确定,双元创新(探索性创新与开发性创新的组合和共存)成为制造业保持盈利能力的关键。由于双元创新内在的矛盾统一性,其对制造业盈利能力产生极为复杂的效应。本文以2000—2015年中国制造业数据为基础,通过面板矫正标准误差(PCSE)模型实证研究得到结论:探索性创新与盈利绩效呈显著正相关且影响系数远大于开发性创新;两种创新的交互项对行业绩效存在显著正面效应,但影响程度偏弱;相对于劳动-资本密集型制造业,探索性创新对技术密集型制造业盈利绩效的正面效应更为明显,开发性创新则相反;相对于技术密集型制造业,交互性双元创新对劳动-资本密集型制造业盈利绩效的正面效应更为明显。     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Stern-Gerlach effect goes chiral

Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.