类比推理发展理论述评

类比推理能力的发展是儿童认知发展的重要成分之一。从发展的角度分析类比推理发展的三种主要理论－结构理论、信息加工理论和结构映射理论，结果表明：结构理论强调类比推理发展的阶段，信息加工理论强调类比推理发展的认知成分，结构映射理论则把发展的重点放在关系结构的转换上。     

从中国古代"类"的观念解读"推类"

中国古代的典型推理方法叫推类或类推。要解读"推类",唯有从中国古代"类"的观念入手,考察中国古代"‘类’的观念"的基本内容,包括"类同观"、"类别观"、"类法则观"、"类同理同观"、"类整体观",比较了中国古代"类"的观念与西方"类"概念的差异,就能说明中西推理类型或逻辑类型的不同。     

Analogical Reasoning: What Develops? A Review of Research and Theory

Analogical reasoning in children has been measured in 2 ways, either using the classical a:b::c:d item analogy task found on IQ tests, or by asking children to solve target problems after learning about analogous problems and their solutions. Theories based on the 2 kinds of measure are discussed and the evidence for them is assessed. It is concluded that structural views of analogical development, which have traditionally suggested that analogical reasoning is late developing, are wrong. Knowledge-based accounts of what develops are more appealing but cannot completely explain failures on analogical tasks. An account of analogical development that allows early analogical competence but that also postulates the later development of metalogical skills may provide the best account of the data.     

数学推理的本质和功能及其能力培养

数学推理包括演绎推理、合情推理及实践性推理等,但其本质在于演绎推理．思维功能和理解功能是数学推理的2个主要功能．在早期数学教育中,对推理能力尤其是演绎推理能力的培养至关重要．数学课程设置及教学实施要创造推理的环境和机会,使数学课堂形成良好的推理风气。     

试论太极拳教学对培养大学生素质的作用

探讨了太极拳教学对提高大学生的身体素质、心理素质和文化素质等作用以及培养大学生良好的道德风范的作用     

立足实验教学 培养创新能力

化学实验以其形象性、直观性等特点,在培养学生创新能力方面有着重重要的、其他任何教学手段不可替代的作用。化学实验教学可以培养学生敏锐的观察能力、熟练的实验操作能力和创新思维能力。     

认知负荷与材料模式对学生类比推理迁移影响的再研究

莫雷和Robins对于“材料模式、认知负荷对学生类比推理迁移的影响”所做的实验,其结果存在着明显的差异：莫雷的结论支持积极的反应理论,Robins的结论支持积极的学习理论。为了确定差异产生的原因和条件,以及他们的结论正确与否。我们通过实验作了进一步验证。通过对数据进行方差分析和多重比较得出结论：(1)莫雷和Robins的实验结论所产生的主要差异是由于他们所选择的被试存在着较大的年龄差别;(2)积极的学习理论和积极的反应理论并不是相互矛盾的,而是有各自成立的前提条件,二者各适用于不同的年龄阶段。     

Fostering Students' Epistemologies of Models via Authentic Model-Based Tasks

Journal of Science Education and Technology - A curriculum unit for middle school Earth Science called “What's on Your Plate?” was designed. The unit was implemented in several...     

Mendeley: Creating Communities of Scholarly Inquiry Through Research Collaboration

Mendeley is a free, web-based tool for organizing research citations and annotating their accompanying PDF articles. Adapting Web 2.0 principles for academic scholarship, Mendeley integrates the management of the research articles with features for collaborating with researchers locally and worldwide. In this article the features of Mendeley are discussed and critiqued in comparison to other, similar tools. These features include citation management, online synchronization and collaboration, PDF management and annotation, and integration with word processing software. The article concludes with a discussion of how a social networking tool such as Mendeley might impact the academic scholarship process.     

开展科学小课题研究培养学生的科学素养

在小学五、六年级学生中开展科学小课题研究活动,促使学生不断提出问题、分析问题、解决问题,有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,逐步形成一定的科学素质与人文素养。     

Renewal of Educational Systems Through Organizational Strategies

In this article, the author examines the role that teachers play in the moral development of American students. Historically, one of public education's purposes in America has been the development of moral citizens. However, educators currently face more academic accountability due to No Child Left Behind. Consequently, teachers must strike a balance between achieving quantifiable academic standards and assisting with students' character development.     

3ds Max中低多边形模型的创建方法研究

在三维游戏与虚拟现实等交互式的三维应用环境中,为了保证程序的流畅运行,其三维建模方式一般采用低多边形模型的方式。介绍了三维模型的分类,探讨了3ds Max中低多边形模型的创建方法,介绍了几种常用的优化模型面数的方法,对于实际工作具有较强的指导意义。     

生物技术应用专业高职人才培养模式探析

生物技术应用专业高职人才培养模式应注重课程结构的层次性、培养目标的实用性、教学方法的训练性，侧重培养地方经济建设发展所需的生产一线的应用型人才．     

幼儿归纳推理能力的理论模型述评

归纳推理能力是个体认知能力的核心要素之一．幼儿归纳推理能力的发展在幼儿各种认知能力的形成与发展过程中起着重要作用．有关幼儿归纳推理的研究,目前主要有相似性覆盖模型(SCM)、基于特征的归纳模型(FBIM)、标签属性模型(LAAM),以及基于结构的归纳模型(SBIM)．这些模型阐述了幼儿归纳推理的原理与规律．然而,由于对归纳推理的界定不一,以及在研究方法上的局限性,这些理论模型仍然存在着很多值得商榷的问题．     

Fostering Cognitive Development Through the Context of Mathematics: Results of the CAME Project

The CAME¹ project was inaugurated in 1993 as an intervention delivered in the context of mathematics with the intention of accelerating the cognitive development of students in the first two years of secondary education. This paper reports substantial post-test and long-term National examination effects of the intervention, yet, by discussing the methodology used, questions the assumptions implicit in the original intention. It is now suggested that a better view is to regard CAME as a constructive criticism of normal instructional teaching, with implications for the role of mathematics teachers and university staff in future professional development.     

略论两种不同体制下的城市化模式

自上而下和自下而上是我国城市化在传统计划经济体制和市场经济体制下形成的两种模式,不同体制下制度安排上的差异是决定两种模式特点的根本原因;中国城市化最终要走向市场型城市化,但在目前市场经济体制初步建立时期,制度缺陷引发了许多诸职离农人口“两栖化”、小城镇发展无序化、生态环境恶化等一系列“农村病”。解决的根本办法在于制度：土地流转制度创新、城镇建设体制创新、城镇管理体制创新等。     

非轴对称系统中维格纳分布函数的传输规律

基于张量形式的Collins衍射积分公式，导出了维格纳分布函数（WDF）通过一般非轴对称系统的传输公式．结果表明，维格纳分布函数通过非轴对称系统的传输不改变形式，只要通过坐标变换就可以由系统输入面处的WDF求出输出面的WDF．给出了用系统的ABCD矩阵元表示的用于进行此坐标变换的表达式和等价的张量形式的WDF的坐标变换矩阵（WCTM）．这些结果在直角坐标中的表示式也被给出并被进一步地讨论．作为应用例，讨论了一个含柱透镜的系统．     

通过教育实习成绩的反馈情况谈学生的能力培养

本文通过实习成绩的反馈情况,论述了学生能力培养的诸多方面,指出能力培养对学生胜任今后的工作的重要意义。