类比推理与比喻推理之比较研究

类比推理与比喻推理在概念、推理模式、特征以及作用等方面既有区别又有联系。类比推理建立在客观事实的基础上,常用于探索自然界的奥秘,它要求两个(类)事物有一系列相同之处,已知属性与推出属性的相关程度越高,前提对结论的支持就会越强;而比喻推理建立在比喻这种修辞手法之上,常用于论述道理,比喻推理中比喻和被比喻的事物只要存在相似关系即可,相似属性的建立越恰当精准,推理越"有说服力"。但类比推理和比喻推理都是对两个(类)不同事物进行比较,要求事物间相似处越多越好,并且力求产生较强推理效果的推理。     

浅谈高中数学中类比推理的应用

类比推理具有猜测和发现结论、探索和提供思路的作用,有助于创新思维的培养,故而在数学教学中经常使用。     

类比推理发展理论述评

类比推理能力的发展是儿童认知发展的重要成分之一。从发展的角度分析类比推理发展的三种主要理论－结构理论、信息加工理论和结构映射理论，结果表明：结构理论强调类比推理发展的阶段，信息加工理论强调类比推理发展的认知成分，结构映射理论则把发展的重点放在关系结构的转换上。     

从中国古代"类"的观念解读"推类"

中国古代的典型推理方法叫推类或类推。要解读"推类",唯有从中国古代"类"的观念入手,考察中国古代"‘类’的观念"的基本内容,包括"类同观"、"类别观"、"类法则观"、"类同理同观"、"类整体观",比较了中国古代"类"的观念与西方"类"概念的差异,就能说明中西推理类型或逻辑类型的不同。     

Analogical Reasoning: What Develops? A Review of Research and Theory

Analogical reasoning in children has been measured in 2 ways, either using the classical a:b::c:d item analogy task found on IQ tests, or by asking children to solve target problems after learning about analogous problems and their solutions. Theories based on the 2 kinds of measure are discussed and the evidence for them is assessed. It is concluded that structural views of analogical development, which have traditionally suggested that analogical reasoning is late developing, are wrong. Knowledge-based accounts of what develops are more appealing but cannot completely explain failures on analogical tasks. An account of analogical development that allows early analogical competence but that also postulates the later development of metalogical skills may provide the best account of the data.     

数学推理的本质和功能及其能力培养

数学推理包括演绎推理、合情推理及实践性推理等，但其本质在于演绎推理．思维功能和理解功能是数学推理的2个主要功能．在早期数学教育中，对推理能力尤其是演绎推理能力的培养至关重要．数学课程设置及教学实施要创造推理的环境和机会，使数学课堂形成良好的推理风气。     

试论太极拳教学对培养大学生素质的作用

探讨了太极拳教学对提高大学生的身体素质、心理素质和文化素质等作用以及培养大学生良好的道德风范的作用     

The Unique Contributions of Verbal Analogical Reasoning and Nonverbal Matrix Reasoning to Science and Maths Problem‐Solving in Adolescence

Relational reasoning, the ability to detect meaningful patterns, matures through adolescence. The unique contributions of verbal analogical and nonverbal matrix relational reasoning to science and maths are not well understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected during science and maths problem‐solving, and participants (N = 36, 11–15 years) also completed relational reasoning and executive function tasks. Higher verbal analogical reasoning associated with higher accuracy and faster reaction times in science and maths, and higher activation in the left anterior temporal cortex during maths problem‐solving. Higher nonverbal matrix reasoning associated with higher science accuracy, higher science activation in regions across the brain, and lower maths activation in the right middle temporal gyrus. Science associations mostly remained significant when individual differences in executive functions and verbal IQ were taken into account, while maths associations typically did not. The findings indicate the potential importance of supporting relational reasoning in adolescent science and maths learning.     

立足实验教学 培养创新能力

化学实验以其形象性、直观性等特点，在培养学生创新能力方面有着重重要的、其他任何教学手段不可替代的作用。化学实验教学可以培养学生敏锐的观察能力、熟练的实验操作能力和创新思维能力。     

认知负荷与材料模式对学生类比推理迁移影响的再研究

莫雷和Robins对于“材料模式、认知负荷对学生类比推理迁移的影响”所做的实验，其结果存在着明显的差异：莫雷的结论支持积极的反应理论，Robins的结论支持积极的学习理论。为了确定差异产生的原因和条件，以及他们的结论正确与否。我们通过实验作了进一步验证。通过对数据进行方差分析和多重比较得出结论：(1)莫雷和Robins的实验结论所产生的主要差异是由于他们所选择的被试存在着较大的年龄差别；(2)积极的学习理论和积极的反应理论并不是相互矛盾的，而是有各自成立的前提条件，二者各适用于不同的年龄阶段。     

Fostering Students' Epistemologies of Models via Authentic Model-Based Tasks

Journal of Science Education and Technology - A curriculum unit for middle school Earth Science called “What's on Your Plate?” was designed. The unit was implemented in several...     

Mendeley: Creating Communities of Scholarly Inquiry Through Research Collaboration

Mendeley is a free, web-based tool for organizing research citations and annotating their accompanying PDF articles. Adapting Web 2.0 principles for academic scholarship, Mendeley integrates the management of the research articles with features for collaborating with researchers locally and worldwide. In this article the features of Mendeley are discussed and critiqued in comparison to other, similar tools. These features include citation management, online synchronization and collaboration, PDF management and annotation, and integration with word processing software. The article concludes with a discussion of how a social networking tool such as Mendeley might impact the academic scholarship process.     

开展科学小课题研究培养学生的科学素养

在小学五、六年级学生中开展科学小课题研究活动，促使学生不断提出问题、分析问题、解决问题，有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，逐步形成一定的科学素质与人文素养。     

Renewal of Educational Systems Through Organizational Strategies

In this article, the author examines the role that teachers play in the moral development of American students. Historically, one of public education's purposes in America has been the development of moral citizens. However, educators currently face more academic accountability due to No Child Left Behind. Consequently, teachers must strike a balance between achieving quantifiable academic standards and assisting with students' character development.     

生物技术应用专业高职人才培养模式探析

生物技术应用专业高职人才培养模式应注重课程结构的层次性、培养目标的实用性、教学方法的训练性，侧重培养地方经济建设发展所需的生产一线的应用型人才．     

Fostering Growth and Development of Recovering Students in Higher Education Through Servant Leadership

Servant leadership is a leadership style complementary to a lifestyle of recovery from a substance use disorder. Across the country, thousands of students in recovery from substance use disorders are pursuing higher education. Support for students in recovery is increasing, primarily through collegiate recovery programs (CRP) that are being implemented to support student recovery, education and personal development. Servant leadership has been used successfully by many business, organizations, religions, and educational systems. In the 1960s, Robert Greenleaf brought new attention to the concept when he began writing about his observations and experiences in the business world. According to Greenleaf, many businesses and organizations had lost sight of their role and responsibility to serve others. The main philosophy of servant leadership is service to others, and through service, others will look to the one serving for leadership. This article is intended to share elements of servant leadership and how these elements can be implemented into a CRP to promote and foster the growth and development of students in recovery.     

3ds Max中低多边形模型的创建方法研究

在三维游戏与虚拟现实等交互式的三维应用环境中,为了保证程序的流畅运行,其三维建模方式一般采用低多边形模型的方式。介绍了三维模型的分类,探讨了3ds Max中低多边形模型的创建方法,介绍了几种常用的优化模型面数的方法,对于实际工作具有较强的指导意义。     

Fostering Cognitive Development Through the Context of Mathematics: Results of the CAME Project

The CAME¹ project was inaugurated in 1993 as an intervention delivered in the context of mathematics with the intention of accelerating the cognitive development of students in the first two years of secondary education. This paper reports substantial post-test and long-term National examination effects of the intervention, yet, by discussing the methodology used, questions the assumptions implicit in the original intention. It is now suggested that a better view is to regard CAME as a constructive criticism of normal instructional teaching, with implications for the role of mathematics teachers and university staff in future professional development.