Personality and problem behaviours as predictors of adolescents’ social status: academic track and gender as moderators

This study examined adolescent personality and problem behaviours as predictors of two types of social status: social preference and popularity. Academic track (college preparatory and vocational) and gender were expected to moderate these associations. The sample included 693 students (49.0% female; M = 15.46 years) attending classrooms in two academic tracks (vocational and college preparatory). Participants completed self-report measures of personality and problem behaviours and peer-reports of preference and popularity. Results of structural path analyses indicated that academic track and gender moderated several associations. Specifically, externalising problems were associated with more popularity for males and less preference for females in college preparatory classrooms. Internalising problems were associated with popularity and preference for adolescents in vocational classrooms. The findings illustrate the complexities associated with predicting the social status of male and female adolescents attending different academic tracks. The salience of status norms and implications for intervention programmes are discussed.     

当下大学生道德滑坡的原因及其对策

在高校扩招的热潮中,越来越多的年轻人走入了大学校园.与此同时,大学生的道德问题越来越引起全社会的关注.应当说大学生的主流依然是积极健康向上的,但是在一部分大学生中出现了集体意识淡薄,奢侈浪费,诚信缺失等种种道德缺失的现象.造成这种情况的原因不是单方面的,大学生自身的特点,学校教育与家庭教育的缺乏,社会大环境的变化,这些都有一定的责任.大学生道德水平的提高,对于社会的和谐稳定发展,具有重要意义     

高校少数民族贫困生心理健康状况与应对方式的调查分析

本研究运用SCL—90症状自评量表和应对方式问卷（CSQ）,对新疆伊犁师范学院320名少数民族贫困生的心理健康状况和应对方式进行了测查分析,结果显示,与全国常模及本校同年级汉族学生样本进行比较,少数民族贫困生心理适应问题比一般大学生严重;问题较突出地表现在焦虑、恐怖、强迫、偏执等方面;少数民族贫困生在解决问题、求助、积极应对因子上显著优于汉族非贫困生,与非贫困生相比在解决问题、自责、幻想、消极应对因子上差异显著（P〈0.05）,少数民族贫困生SCL—90各因子与消极应对总分具有显著正相关,与积极应对总分无显著相关;SCL—90各因子与应对方式的解决问题、求助因子具有显著负相关,与自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子具有显著正相关。为此,高校要有针对性开展心理健康教育和心理咨询工作,营造团结互助,扶贫帮困的校园氛围,培养学生各种应激的能力,促进少数民族贫困生的心理健康和良性发展。     

大学生自我概念与人际困扰关系:社会支持的调节效应

为探索大学生人际困扰与自我概念以及社会支持的调节效应,采用田纳西自我概念问卷、社会支持评定量表、人际关系综合诊断量表调研了474名大学生。结果发现:大学生人际困扰问题突出;其中自我概念、社会支持与人际困扰存在显著负相关,社会支持在自我概念和人际困扰间的调节效应显著。笔者认为,自我概念清晰完善有助于个体减少其人际困扰,尤其是道德自我和社会自我越好,其人际困扰越低。构建良好的社会支持系统,有助于调节自我概念,尽而降低人际困扰。     

大学生心理障碍产生原因及其对策研究

大学生面临着生理、心理的巨大变化及来自学校、家庭、社会的众多要求,但其心理发展尚未成熟,在为人处事方面常引起心理冲突,产生心理障碍。大学生心理障碍产生的原因与对策。     

高职高专学生的心理问题及工作对策

社会发展及变革转型期,由于各种思潮及价值观的碰撞,往往会引起人们心理的震荡,处于成长期的大学生受到的冲击尤为强烈,大学生心理健康教育也因此成为一个重要课题.高职高专学生作为大学生中弱势群体有其独特的心理特点.本文针对高职高专学生独特的心理问题,通过对其心理健康教育,解决心理问题,从而做好学生管理工作.     

The Uncertainty Principle

The potential effects of parental separation and/or divorce on college students was investigated. Previous research comparing children from nonintact families to those from intact families has been inconclusive due to methodological limitations, or contradictory as to whether potential effects last into adulthood. Fifty-eight male and female undergraduates from Fordham University, including 19 from nonintact families, were administered measures of interpersonal dependency, perceived social support from friends and family, locus of control, dating and assertion skills, social desirability, and depression. Multiple t-test comparisons did not yield significant differences between groups, suggesting that college students from nonintact families do not manifest adverse effects due to their parent's breakup, although they may be somewhat more asserive than those from intact families. Results are discussed in terms of possible mediating factors in adjustment, their compatibility to previous studies, methodological issues, and implications for college student personnel/counselors.     

On Being College Prep: Examining the Implementation of a “College for All” Mission in an Urban Charter School

This article reports findings from a four-year case study of an urban college preparatory charter high school. Through analyses of teacher and staff interviews, the author highlights how the school approached the idea of “college for all” under the archetypal influence of “college preparatory.” The interview data show how the charter school staff engaged in important educational questions about what defines college preparation even though those questions became more complex as the school matured. These findings are presented in three themes: (1) building a school, which reflects staff members’ views on the school’s start-up period of building renovation and growth, (2) building a curriculum, which reflects staff members’ views on teachers’ instructional practices, and (3) building a college culture, which reflects staff members’ efforts to provide students with supplemental academic and social supports for college planning and preparation.     

大学生理论社团建设存在的问题及对策

大学生理论社团在高校大学生思想政治教育工作中发挥着重要作用,可目前高校理论社团建设中存在有些社团定位不准、部分社团经费紧张、部分社团受到校外势力的影响、理论学习的效果有待提高等问题。为有效解决以上问题,应采取的对策为：一是要提供实践平台,帮助社团开展社会实践活动;二是要鼓励从事思想政治教育工作的高校教师和工作人员担任指导教师,参与社团的建设;三是要关注社团中学生骨干的思想倾向,及时引导学生社团健康发展;四是要密切关注社团与各种社会组织的联系,防止敌对势力渗透到大学校园。     

高职院校社会实践基地建设现状分析与对策

高职院校大学生社会实践基地建设在取得可喜成绩的同时还存在着一些问题,本文通过对其问题的分析,得出实践基地在高职教育中的重要作用,并探究改进高职院校社会实践基地建设的对策与建议,使高职院校社会实践基地走科学化、规范化、长期化的健康发展之路。     

大学生创造性社会问题解决的结构及其与心理健康的关系

以分层取样的方式选取541名大学生,采用社会性问题（故事）情境和SCL-90,考察了创造性的社会问题解决的结构及其与心理健康的关系。结果表明,（1）大学生创造性的社会问题解决策略的独创性、流畅性、变通性、适当性、有效性具有良好的内部一致性,通过探索性因素分析可抽取发散思维能力和适宜性两个主因素,累积解释率为89.68%;（2）创造性的社会问题解决与心理健康不存在显著相关;（3）计算机专业在SCL-90上属低分组的学生的发散思维能力显著高于高分组,管理专业学生问题解决总体上显著高于艺术和计算机专业。专业类型在创造性问题解决与心理健康之间具有调节作用,特定专业（如管理专业）的训练更可能改善创造性社会问题解决的策略（包括适宜性和发散思维能力）。     

Factors affecting persistence of Deaf college students

A study of attrition after the first year of college was conducted with the 1984 entry class of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf. A path-analytic model of 9 factors affecting student persistence was tested using LISREL (N = 233). The results indicate that social integration is an important factor in college persistence. Grade point average is not a critical factor in first year attrition. While provocative, the reasons behind these findings may be specific to NTID. For example, many students come to NTID specifically for its social community. It is concluded, therefore, that while these results were somewhat different from those of studies with hearing students, they support the proposition that studies of college attrition cannot be generalized across institutions.     

高考改革中的冲突问题评述

当前及今后相当长的一段时期,高考改革中的冲突问题仍将是影响高考改革与发展的关键因素,同时也关涉到转型时期整个社会的公平、和谐和稳定.本文在归纳我国高考改革中冲突问题的基础上,对其中的主要原因作了评析,以期为我国高考制度的完善提供参考.     

社会转型期地方性高校大学生就业现状与对策分析

当前我国正处在社会转型期,各种社会矛盾集中凸显,高校大学生就业问题更是困扰当前社会和谐发展的重要问题。按照行政隶属性质我国高校可分为部委直属高校和地方性高校,本文对当前我国地方性高校大学生就业现状进行了综述,并对当前制约我国地方性高校大学生就业的主观因素和客观因素进行了分析,最后提出了解决地方性高校大学生就业问题的对策。     

高等师范院校学生思想道德状况探析

高等师范院校学生思想道德方面的特点表现为：在政治观上日趋多样、复杂，更加理性和务实；在价值取向上趋于多元，体现出趋同和回归特征；在道德上渐趋稳定、成熟，体现出一定的现实性和自主选择性。而政治意识、理想信念、参与精神的弱化和不确定，社会责任、价值惊讶和追求目标的淡化、混乱甚至缺失以及道德认识、基础文明、自律能力的模糊匮乏等是亟待解决的问题。大学生自身发展的局限性和社会环境、高等教育改革及德育方面存在的诸多问题是造成上述问题的主要原因。     

Occupational sex segregation and job satisfaction of women

The results of this study indicate wide variation in the effect of occupational sex segregation on the job satisfaction of women college graduates employed in public and private organizations. Women employed in sex-balanced and male- and female-dominated occupations in the public sector have comparable levels of job satisfaction. In private firms, however, women college graduates employed in sex-balanced careers are more satisfied with theintrinsic andoverall nature of their jobs than those employed in female-dominated occupations, and those in female-dominated jobs are more satisfied with theextrinsic nature of their careers than women in male-dominated jobs. The implications of these findings for those who conduct research on the career consequences of women employed in sex-dominated career fields and for college officials responsible for the educational and professional development of women college students are discussed.     

大学生心理现状及其成因与教育途径

采用UPI调查法调查了若干在校大学生,从调查结果看,当代大学生的心理状况总体是健康向上的,但部分学生也不同程度地存在着缺乏自信心、有强迫思维倾向、意志不坚强、缺乏耐心和目标不明确等心理问题。大学生心理健康教育工作是一个有机整体,需要国家、社会、学校、家庭和大学生个人的共同努力。国家要重视精神文明建设,为大学生心理健康成长创造良好的社会环境;学校要真正做到素质教育,为大学生心理健康成长提供良好的校园环境;家长要注重自立自强教育,为大学生心理健康成长提供良好的家庭环境;大学生要对照心理健康标准,加强自我教育并引导个人心理健康成长。     

Negotiating tensions between the high-performing and socially just college: A consideration of the discursive construction of youth in English college governing boards

The English further education (FE) sector caters for young learners who are regularly defined as at risk due to a range of economic and social challenges, as transitions from youth to adulthood become more protracted, and inequalities amongst young people and between generations persist and deepen. At a time when policy places increasing responsibilities on governors and leaders to balance college performance and cost-effectiveness against FE’s long-standing social justice mission, this article analyses how this tension plays out through the discursive construction of young learners by two English college governing boards. We use a critical discourse analysis approach to connect how young learners are ‘talked into being’ through the micro-level processes of governing within the wider context in which college governing operates. We argue that, despite a wider drive for governors to interact with learners, their understanding of learners is dominated by data, through which young learners in particular are constituted as a risk rather than at risk. We explore the discursive constructions of young learners that ensue in this data-dominated context, and the social practices governing boards use to manage the risks posed by young learners. We highlight the different positionings of governors and college senior managers within these constitutive practices, arguing that the ways young learners are discursively constructed is revealing of a central tension in college governing practices—that between the high-performing and the socially just college.     

The Relationship between General Job Satisfaction and Specific Work-Activity Satisfaction of Community College Faculty

Abstract

Data on job satisfaction of community college faculty, as obtained from five state and national surveys, are analyzed in this study. Results of this analysis indicate that many instructors are generally satisfied with their jobs but somewhat dissatisfied with their working conditions. Examination of the methods used in those studies to measure job satisfaction suggests that the measures may be tapping different dimensions of satisfaction, and that they may not be related to one another or to the criteria measures they are designed to predict. Data from a survey of two-year college humanities faculty (N = 1,493) and nonhumanities chairpersons (N =505) revealed that a measure of general job satisfaction was relatively independent of a measure of specific work-activity satisfaction, and that the former measure of satisfaction was a much better predictor of several indicators of faculty desire to remain at their college than the latter. These findings indicate that different methods of measuring job satisfaction may yield highly discrepant reports, which in turn can pose serious problems of interpretation.     

论＂90后＂大学生社会责任感的培养

分析了“90后”大学生的个性特点与精神追求,认为当前大学德育要密切关注“90后大学生社会责任感的培养问题。指出全体教育工作者要形成共识,理解学生社会责任感的培养问题对学校教育工作质量的重要影响;要努力形成一种关心“国家大事”、为解决中国社会发展难题而“求解”的校园文化氛围。帮助学生树立以“社会需要促学习”的学习理念;要为青年学生参与社会实践、服务社会、报效祖国创造条件,让他们经风雨见世面,锻炼才干,培养起担当社会生活重任的能力。通过培养学生的社会责任感,为国家民族造就脊梁。