走出语文教学模式的两种误区

本探讨了学校德育与心育的主要任务和意义。认为德育与心育相互渗透，相互补充，互不代替，应在学科教学，学校教育管理及班主任工作，学校各种课外活动中实现德育与心育相互渗透。     

The global teaching profession: how treating teachers as knowledge workers improves the esteem of the teaching profession

To better understand the status of the teaching profession, we present a conceptual framework outlining the 4 domains of knowledge-worker professionals: professional benchmarks, professional discretion, room for promotion, and workplace conditions and use the TALIS 2013 survey data to show that these domains exist globally and vary within countries. Across more than 30 school systems, we address the question: To what extent does the level and type of professionalism afforded to individual teachers shape their perceptions of the esteem of their profession? The strongest domain traits that correlate with feeling valued as a teacher are teachers’ satisfaction with their working conditions, involvement in school decision making, and the chance to be recognized for good work. This framework shapes an actionable set of concepts that policymakers can use to address attraction and retention to the profession system-wide and that school leaders can use to improve working conditions in their own schools.     

Teacher competence,everyday teaching practice and professionalization

Abstract

In this article three questions regarding teaching and teacher education are addressed. The first question deals with the identification of elements of competent teaching. Relevant elements of competent teaching are described in terms of a teacher's knowledge base, the development and use of practical theories and the idea that teachers should also be ‘researchers’. The opinion is held that being a competent teacher is based not on one perspective or paradigm, but on a ‘grand strategy’ or integration of perspectives or paradigms.

The second question deals with some characteristics of the everyday teaching practice. First of all, teaching seems to be a profession under pressure. In addition, teaching in reality is considered to be a complex and holistic activity. It consists of three phases (planning, execution and reflection) which usually coincide in reality. Teaching, therefore, is to a large extent a matter of routine.

The third question deals with the professionalization of teachers. To answer this question it is necessary to regard teaching as a profession. For this purpose it is essential to pay (renewed) attention to the curriculum and didactics of teacher education as well as to the relationship between pre-service and in-service teacher education. In this respect much work still needs to be done, which should be a collective effort on the part of researchers, teacher educators, curriculum developers and school managers.     

The state and the teaching profession: Teacher incentives in Botswana

This paper explores the development of various approaches by the State in Botswana to improve teacher incentives. Teacher incentives have been an issue in Botswana for a number of years. The Ministry of Education with the support of USAID has commissioned research into teacher incentives. In 1991 and 1992 there were four major bodies created by the State that dealt with the problem of teacher incentives either directly or indirectly. Report of the Presidential Commission on the Review of Public Service Salaries and Conditions of Service; the review of organization and management conducted by the Public Service (the OM Report); the Report on the Implementation of Parallel Progression; and the 1992–1993 Second National Commission on Education which reported to the President in July 1993. This paper employs and elaborates on a model dealing with ‘incentive categories’ developed by Frances Kemmerer. The ten perspectives related to remuneration and working conditions are used to guide the inquiry. Additional avenues for improving teacher incentives are considered and five recommendations for change made.     

The professionalization of Hong Kong teachers: Dilemma between technical rationality and individual autonomy

This article studies the dilemma between professionalization and professionalism in the development of teaching into a bureaucratic organization in Hong Kong. Professionalization and bureucractization are simultaneous processes. Teaching as an occupation has grown from a state of idiosyncrasy to a profession with defined boundaries. However, achieving system efficiency and technical rationality, both features of bureaucracy, could undermine or suppress teachers’ individual autonomy. Thus, bureaucratization supports professionalization by raising the status of teaching, but undermines professionalism by constraining teachers’ autonomy. The article examines the changing pattern of stratification and how it shaped the relationship between the professionalization, bureaucratization and professionalism of teaching in Hong Kong. It argues that teaching cannot be a true profession without realizing professionalism, and that teacher education has a central role in the drive towards it. Key Words: Hong Kong teachers, teacher education, professionalization, professionalism, stratification     

论"师道尊严"与师生各正其名

"师道尊严"是"师严道尊"的误传,其实质是只有严肃认真负责任的教师才能使社会尊重教育。理解其本义后,自然不该对其批判与否定了。而今日之教育应倡导"师严道尊",要解放教师思想,以使之具有教育的独创性,且使之加强对学生的爱心、责任心;学生要积极学习,尊敬教师,博采众师之长,以成就自己的超越。     

通信工程专业实践教学建设初探

本文主要通过分析通信工程实践教学存在的问题,并提出通信工程实践教学的改革措施,旨在为在信息化飞速发展的环境下,构建一个与时俱进的、高质量的、高效率的通信技术的实践教学体系,把实践性教学环节提高到跟理论课教学同等重要甚至加重要的地位。     

The teaching profession against the background of educationalisation: an exploratory study

This article focuses on the teaching profession against the background of educationalisation in the Netherlands in the sense that Dutch schools are increasingly regarded as focal points at which to address and solve social issues. Our research project concentrated on the extent to which teachers, being key figures in the school organisation, understand their role as one that embraces a social in addition to an educational mission. It explores teachers’ professional identity and their awareness, task perception and self-efficacy with respect to performing a social mission. The results show that ‘addressing social issues’ can be identified as a dimension of teachers’ professional identity. However, teachers report low self-efficacy as regards carrying out social tasks, irrespective of their task perception and awareness. The phenomenon of educationalisation is occurring in other Western European countries and in the US. The results of this exploratory study raise questions about the feasibility of educationalising social problems.     

The changing nature of autonomy: Transformations of the late Swedish teaching profession

This article discusses teacher autonomy in the case of the Swedish teaching profession since the 1980s. It is argued that deregulation, decentralization, and marketization reforms of the 1990s have indeed increased teacher autonomy, but in some respects also led to a increase of complexity in the Swedish school system. In order to handle this complexity, the state intensified a standardization of schooling, which restricts teacher autonomy today. Relevant the paper's understanding is that teacher autonomy is always about control, exerted internally by the profession itself and facilitated externally by state standards. The article argues that the restriction of teacher autonomy in recent times is also related to a simplified understanding of the phenomenon in the reforms of the 1990s.     

高职会计专业教学改革探析

高职学院的会计专业教学普遍存在重理论轻实践,课程体系、授课方式与本科会计专业基本相同,学生毕业动手能力差等,已无法适应社会需求。为解决上述问题,本文针对高职会计专业教学改革提出了几点建议。     

试论酒店专业教学实习中指导教师的职责

酒店专业学生实习要想达到预期的目的,需要教师的指导与监控。指导教师的职责是引导学生顺利完成扶学校到社会的转变,疏导学生的不良情绪,保护学生的人身安全,处理各种事故与意外,并做好实习后的总结工作。     

Final thesis models in European teacher education and their orientation towards the academy and the teaching profession

This study concerns different final thesis models in the research on teacher education in Europe and their orientation towards the academy and the teaching profession. In scientific journals, 33 articles support the occurrence of three models: the portfolio model, with a mainly teaching-professional orientation; the thesis model, with a mainly academic orientation; and the action research model, related to both orientations. All models had some relationship with both orientations. The study discusses these findings, the different models’ possibilities to integrate both major orientations as well as how a final thesis can be used to integrate theory and practice in higher education programmes.     

试论高职艺术设计专业的书法课程的教学

书法是高职艺术设计专业的基础课程,但受主客观条件的制约,目前书法课程的教学存在诸多值得商榷的问题。本文由现状入手,分析其弊端存在缘由,探讨书法与艺术设计的渊源,提出书法课程教学必须紧紧围绕设计应用,明确学习目的,选择学习内容,重在欣赏实践,尝试刻字书法。学习书法,可以加强设计才智的发挥,为以后的专业课学习提供创意思路和审美学养,与时俱进,自成特色,以适应高职实践应用型专门人才的培养目标需要。     

The potential of teaching schools in enabling student teacher learning for the teaching profession

In 2011 the Integrated Strategic Planning Framework for Teacher Education and Development in South Africa was promulgated. This framework proposes the establishment of teaching schools to strengthen pre-service teacher education. This study arises from this initiative. A generic qualitative study was undertaken to explore the views of research participants from selected teacher education institutions and schools in South Africa on the potential of teaching schools to enable student teacher learning for the teaching profession. The key findings are that teaching schools can potentially make a distinctive contribution towards enabling student teacher learning for the teaching profession through student teachers experiencing good teaching in a model environment and through coordinating experiences in coursework and at the school. The discussion of the findings points to the distinctive potentialities of teaching schools for strengthening teacher education. The notion of hybridity and third space is invoked as a heuristic to shed light on the developing of a true collaborative relationship between the teacher education institution and the teaching school for enabling student teacher learning for the teaching profession.     

A Feminised Profession: women in the teaching profession

The education profession in Germany is presented as a feminised profession. This is defined and qualified, showing what sort of schools women are employed in and why there is a difference between women's opportunities in certain school types. An analysis is presented as to why women were allowed to enter the education profession when they did, linking women's employment opportunities and national shortages. The prejudice still existing against women's professional status within the employment sector is questioned. The paper shows how the education profession in Germany has been feminised and how the feminisation of a profession affects its pay and social prestige.     

以教学改革有效促进大学英语教师专业发展

提高大学英语教师的素质,促进教师专业发展,是进行大学英语教育教学改革要解决的理论问题和实践课题.教学改革对大学英语教师的教学技能提升、教育教学理念形成、自我反思策略培养等方面的专业化发展具有明显的促进作用,但这种作用的实现需要有效的方式和成熟的条件.首先,要求教学改革本身具有科学性;其次,是教学改革要有关注教师专业发展的意识;再者,教学改革应以教师为依托,尊重教师的创造性.