Foreign Students in Engineering Education

Institutions for higher engineering education encourage the admission of foreign students, mostly for economic reasons. Data from the situation of foreign students at Delft University of Technology, however, show that admitting foreign students will be profitable only if the students are carefully selected in the country of origin. Furthermore, language proficiency must play an important role in the procedure of admission in the host country. Foreign students' academic achievement has proven to be sufficient although the students appear to suffer from starting problems. Offering social and educational support at the beginning of their stay abroad may help to overcome problems of adjustment. As yet, any possible positive effects of the presence of foreign students on the quality of education or on the general education of regular students in the host country have not been empirically established. They seem to depend highly upon the amount of interaction between foreign and regular students.     

独立学院党员继续教育的问题研究及对策——以南通大学杏林学院为例

随着独立学院的发展,学生思想政治工作特别是学生党建工作面临着新的挑战;独立学院党员发展的力度逐渐增强,重视了对学生入党前的培养、教育和考察,却忽略了学生入党后的继续教育;因此加强独立学院学生党员入党后的继续教育是一项紧迫的任务,且具有重要的意义     

The education of engineering universities in China

In the seventeen years since the establishment of New China, the education of engineering universities has been greatly developed. Before the liberation, there were only eighteen engineering colleges in the whole country. Up to 1966, there were 127 established engineering colleges or departments with 315 specialities. There were 240,000 college students, and several thousand graduate students completed their studies. The academic standard of education was close or equal to that of developed countries in the world. At present, these students have become the scientific and technological backbone of production, research and education branches. During the cultural revolution, the education of engineering universities suffered serious damage. The academic standard of education and the level of scientific research dropped sharply. The gap between China and the advanced world level was widened. After the downfall of the Gang of Four, the education at engineering universities gradually recovered. At present, it is undergoing adjustment and consolidation. Based upon the new conditions and the new task of socialist modernization and construction of our country, the education of engineering universities will be reformed steadily on the foundation of the seventeen years practical experience before the cultural revolution, and with reference to the successful experience of foreign engineering education. We should work hard to raise the standard of training of qualified engineers to serve the modernization of agriculture, industry, defence and science and technology.     

基于关爱伦理学的女大学生心理健康教育

关爱伦理学在传统的公正伦理道德取向外,尤其强调基于女性性别差异的关怀伦理道德取向,这种观点对构建和谐校园进程中的女大学生的心理健康教育行为有借鉴意义。倘若要从关爱伦理学角度对女大学生进行教育的话,应该以尊重与关爱并存为指导原则,开展完整、系统的情感教育,并承认男女差异以消除社会歧视。     

大学生党员发展质量保障体系的构建

做好新时期高校大学生党员发展工作是建立保持共产党员先进性长效机制的重要组成部分。文章就如何把握好新时期大学生党员发展质量的五个关键点做了分析和思考,对高校基层党组织党员发展工作提出具体的建议:认识使命,把握好发展数量与质量的关系;重视基础,把握好大学生党员发展的“入口关”;认真考察,把握好大学生申请入党的动机;严格程序,把握好大学生党员发展的过程;努力探索,建立和完善预备党员教育、培养体系。     

功能错位的校正--也谈高等师范美术教育改革

现行的高等师范(以下简称高师)美术教育普遍存在着明显的教育功能错位——培养基础美术师资的功能实际上变成了培养专业美术家。促成这种功能错位的原因是多方面的：有历史的、现实的；有主观的、客观的。章从招考机制、课程设置和教学内容、师资构成、评价体系等方面剖析。然后，针对这些问题，提出一系列改革方案。     

Investigating invisible writing practices in the engineering curriculum using practice architectures

ABSTRACT

Writing practices are seen to be essential for professional engineers, yet many engineering students and academics struggle with written communication, despite years of interventions to improve student writing. Much has been written about the importance of getting engineering students to write, but there has been a little investigation of engineering academics’ perceptions of writing practices in the curriculum, and the extent to which these practices are visible to their students and to the academics. This paper draws on research from an ongoing study into the invisibility of writing practices in the engineering curriculum using a practice architectures lens. The paper uses examples from the sites of practice of two participants in the study to argue that prevailing practices in engineering education constrain more than enable the development and practice of writing in the engineering curriculum.     

工科院校人文社科课程设置比较

本文通过对世界上几所著名工科院校(专业)培养目标、课程设置和学时比例的比较分析，结合我国高等工科教育的现状，对我国高等工科教育中人文社科课程的课程门类和学时比例提出了具体意见。     

"以人为本"的大学生思想政治教育理念

大学生思想政治教育坚持以人为本,确立了大学生的主体地位和主体作用,坚持用科学的理论武装人、用换位的思维理解人、用最高的热情关心人、用平等的态度尊重人、用内心的真情感召人、用良好的形象影响人、用最好的质量服务人、最终目的是为了人的大学生思想政治教育理念。     

When the demand for educational equality stops at the border: wealthy students,international students and the restructuring of higher education in the UK

In the context of the increasing internationalisation of higher education, there is a pressing need to think through how demands for educational equality and justice, that currently tend to be framed at the national and sub-national level, should be conceptualised at a global level. This article compares two recent media and policy debates in the UK, over admitting wealthy students off-quota to university and restricting international student visas, in order to demonstrate the contradictions that are created when demands for educational equality stop at the national border. Based on a discussion of these debates, the article calls for the principle of educational equality to be extended outwards, beyond the national border, to apply to domestic and international students alike.     

新时期高校工科人才培养浅析

在全球经济一体化进程不断加快的今天,社会对工科大学生的要求也越来越高,高校工科人才培养已成为高等教育的重要组成部分,而我国现行的工科人才培养模式却存在一定差距,比如工科人才培养目标定位不准、培养途径单一、培养方法简单等等,这就对传统的工科人才培养提出严峻的挑战。因此,我们必须加快对工科人才培养模式的改革,努力培养他们的创新能力、自学能力、社会实践能力等,为我国建设创新型国家奠定坚实的基础。     

高校自主招生改革：成效、问题及建议

高校自主招生改革11年来,在转变高校选才理念,提升生源综合素质,促进人才培养模式变革,引导基础教育改革,促进素质教育实施等方面取得了一定的成效。但也遭遇高校选拔自主权不足,不利于农村考生参与竞争,高校和考生投入成本高、效率低,招考缺乏有效监督机制等困境。未来的自主招生改革应进一步落实高校招生自主权,服务基层考生,促进教育公平,构建多元化的招生录取标准,探索高水平院校联考,促进招生管理法制化。     

Fostering creative engineers: a key to face the complexity of engineering practice

Recent studies have argued a shift of thinking about engineering practice from a linear conception to a system understanding. The complexity of engineering practice has been thought of as the root of challenges for engineers. Moreover, creativity has been emphasised as one key capability that engineering students should master. This paper aims to illustrate deeply why engineering education needs to foster creative students to face the challenges of complex engineering work. So a literature review will be provided by focusing on the necessity of developing creativity in engineering education. As the literature demonstrates, this paper reveals the understanding of complexity in engineering practice and the roles of creativity in engineering practice. In addition, the barriers to creativity in current engineering education and some implications of pedagogic strategies will be discussed. So this paper contributes to rethinking the engineering profession in a social context and a link between creativity research and engineering education.     

Grading Standards,Student Ability and Errors in College Admission

Grades are important for admission of students in most higher education programs. Analyzing admission and student performance data at a major Norwegian business school, we find that the grading practice of teachers at regional colleges sending students to the school is affected by the average performance of the students being graded. Teachers at colleges recruiting good students from upper secondary school tend to be strict in their grading practice, while teachers at colleges recruiting less good students tend to follow a lenient practice. This has implications for the interpretation of grades and hence for optimal admission procedures. We develop a methodology to assess the consequences of differential grading standards. Approximately 10% of the students in our data are admitted at the expense of more competent students. We demonstrate costs for the school admitting the wrong students and in particular for the rejected students.     

新工科背景下融合OBE的土木工程材料教学探索与实践

我国土木工程基础设施的大力建设带动了新型土木工程材料及工艺的迅速发展.当前"土木工程材料"课程存在教学内容陈旧,新材料、新技术、新工艺的发展更新缓慢的问题,导致学生对建材试验课程的学习兴趣不高、实际的教学效果不佳等问题.基于新工科发展背景,融合OBE理念,从五个方面提出了若干改革创新举措:将新型土木工程材料和实验技术与...     

理工院校大学生人文素质教育状况调查与思考

理工科院校大学生人文素质状况总体良好：绝大多数学生对人文素质、人文学科重要性的认识基本到位,对与人文素质有关的诸现象的看法总体是好的,对人存在的价值的认识是正确的。但也应看到,理工科院校大学生人文素质教育方面还存在一些问题。针对当前理工科院校大学生人文素质现状和特点,必须创新教育方法,拓宽教育渠道,增强教育的实效性。     

浅析高职院校土建类专业的知识产权教育现状

如今,对大学生进行"知识产权"教育十分的必要。但是,一些高职院校的土建类专业的课程设置中却鲜有专门对于该项法律规范的教学,而这些学生自身也缺乏对知识产权的保护意识,文章结合高职院校土建类专业的知识产权教育实际进行了相应分析。     

面向创新和实践能力的车辆工程全日制专业学位研究生培养基地建设

专业实践在全日制车辆工程研究生的实践应用以及创新能力培养中发挥着很大的作用。实践基地的良好运行,关系着全日制车辆工程专业学位研究生的教育质量。目前,实践基地存在很多问题,严重制约了专业学位研究生的培养。文章由上而下、由内而外、以点带面,从多维度提出建设研究生培养基地的方法和目标,进行了一定的实践,并取得了一定成效。     

Scaffolding strategies in a rubric-based intervention to promote engineering students’ ability to address wicked problems

ABSTRACT

In recent years, there has been increasing interest within the engineering education research community to prepare engineering students to address wicked problems (WPs) such as climate change, resource scarcity and violent conflict. Previous research suggests that engineering students are able to address WPs if they are given adequate support, but there is a lack of research on what kinds of support are needed. This paper aims to reduce this gap by reporting on students’ performance in, and approaches to, addressing WPs when different scaffolding strategies were used in different parts of a rubric-based intervention. The intervention aimed to provide undergraduate engineering students with an understanding of the nature of WPs and with a structured way of addressing them. For each part of the intervention, we discuss affordances for learning provided by the different scaffolding strategies. The results suggest that strong cognitive scaffolding can support students’ understanding of the nature of WPs and students’ performance in written responses to WPs, but possibly also limits deep engagement with WPs and transfer of learning to other contexts.     

Engineering education - finding the centre or 'back to the future'

In this paper I attempt to list the body of knowledge and skills which future young engineers will need and how such knowledge and skills can best be transferred to students during the engineering education process. The educational environment should stimulate students and encourage them to develop the capacity for lifelong learning as a preparation for tackling the unknown problems which will occur in future decades. The formation of an engineer should comprise both education and practice. Some of the problems facing higher education today are discussed and some ideas for cross-border harmonization of engineering education are given. Finally, there is a brief comparison of today's current ideas on engineering study programmes and the course that I followed more than 50 years ago.