十种紧张症状的心理处方

面对高考,总有一些考生会感到很紧张,甚至因此严重影响水平的正常发挥。本文针对十种常见的高考紧张症状给出心理处方,希望能对考生有所帮助。     

The shifting sands in the effects of source text summarizability on summary writing

This paper reports the effects of the properties of source texts on summarization. One hundred and fifty-seven undergraduates were asked to write summaries of one of three extended English texts of similar length and readability, but differing in other discoursal features such as lexical diversity and macro-organization. The effects of summarizability were examined from two perspectives: students’ summarization task performance and their perception of such effects as demonstrated in the post-summarization questionnaire and interviews. Source text had significant and relatively larger effects than the summarizers’ language abilities on summarization performance. These were more pronounced on Chinese than English summarization. Perceptual data were generally supportive of the performance data and further illuminated the dynamics of the summarizability of a source text and its potential effects on performance. Macro-organization, frequency of unfamiliar words, topic familiarity, length of source texts were among the most influential factors shaping text summarizability in the view of the participants. However, the effects of summarizability proved to be rather idiosyncratic. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to source text selection when designing summarization tasks.     

Have the shifting sands of Fordism resulted in ground lost or ground gained for distance education?

Industrialisation and distance education make uncomfortable bed fellows. This article critically analyses the paths travelled by distance education when burdened by industrial sociology. The models for industrialisation, specifically Fordist and post‐Fordist ones, whether methodologically anchored in modernity or post‐modernity, are argued as having relevance only to the production aspects of distance education. The attempts of various authors in distance education over recent years to identify strong paradigmatic links between distance education and industrialisation have resulted in the qualities of distance education as an educational process being overlooked or rejected in favour of a supposedly more ‘open’ form of teaching and learning.     

教育质量:政府与学校的责任

高等教育大众化引起人们对高等教育质量的关注。对此 ,应从多样化的社会需求和多元化的主体角度来确立多样化的高等教育质量观。在质量建设过程中 ,应充分发挥政府和高校的作用 ,政府的职责是制定标准与降低度量成本 ,高校的职责则是重视质量建设。在质量建设中 ,要处理好质量与发展、办学特色和管理之间的关系 ,把质量落实到学校教育教学等工作的全过程之中     

教育公平:政府教育责任伦理的实现

教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,我国关于教育公平的理念有鲜明的后发外源型特点。通过对教育公平内涵的多元梳理,挖掘其时代特性及其与构建和谐社会之间的互动关系。通过探讨教育公平理念在政府教育职能的转变中的深远意义,初步提出了教育公平作为政府教育责任伦理的实现的几点途径。     

School-level Education Policy under New Labour and New Zealand Labour: A Comparative Update

This article compares the school-level education policies of the Labour-led coalition government elected in New Zealand in late 1999 with those of New Labour in England. It illustrates that the policies being introduced by the Labour coalition have been generally less managerial and market-oriented than New Labour's even though neo-liberal pressures are likely to constrain what appears to be a shift to the left in New Zealand. The difference between the two settings is explained through reference to party political and contextual factors and policy and research implications are also discussed.     

劳技教育亟待加强和改进

当前,加强和改进劳技教育亟待解决的问题很多很多,其中造就一批高素质的"劳技教师"和建设一批高质量的"劳技基地"是迫在眉睫首先要着力解决的关键问题. 1 如何造就高素质的劳技教师呢     

The Right to Education for Children in Domestic Labour: Empirical Evidence from Kenya

Since 1948, various UN conventions have recognised basic education as a human right. Yet this right continues to be denied to many child labourers across the world. This articles draws on the results of a study examining how children in domestic labour in Kenya access and participate in education. Three issues were explored: (1) the correlates of child domestic labourers; (2) their working conditions and contexts; and (3) the right to education. Interviews and group discussions held in one city and two rural districts elicited data from 91 child domestic labourers and 84 adults. The results indicated that child labour was both poverty-induced and adult-initiated, and that children worked in hazardous environments characterised by economic exploitation. Most did not attend school; those who did had to contend with a rigid school structure and an authoritarian class environment. Children in domestic labour often skipped school, and their participation in classes was low.     

赞本为劳动的教育

体力劳动与脑力劳动并非是没有交集的两种劳动。教育本身是劳动，是为使劳动更有效、更美好的劳动。赞美教育，就是赞美人类自身，赞美劳动，赞美对高尚的追求。     

New Labour and Higher Education: Dilemmas and Paradoxes

David Blunkett's Greenwich speech (2000) set out what have become the main themes of New Labour's engagement with higher education, themes which were elaborated in the recent White Paper ( DfES, 2003a ). This paper draws attention to the dilemmas and paradoxes which arise from the difficulties of simultaneously satisfying the objectives which were set out in the aftermath of the 2001 general election, and from the trade off solutions and policies actually identified. The most fundamental conflict is between the desire to expand the system and the costs of that expansion. The author also identifies a conflict between institutional diversity and hierarchy and between exclusionism and accessibility. The paper concludes by suggesting that exclusionism is still alive and well under the government of a party that still has ‘Labour’ in its title.     

The Labour Party and Higher Education: The Nature of the Relationship

Higher education policy has rarely been a major concern of the Labour Party in the second half of the twentieth century. This article explores the reasons for this and analyses the ideological coalition of the Labour Party in the context of the Welfare State and the commitments to moderate social democratic reformism. Three strands in particular are explored: the dominance of vocational, technological and professional priorities in HE expansion; the influence of utilitarian thinking, broadly construed; and the various social purpose, equality perspectives of those on the Left of the Party. Alongside these strands, has been Labour's reluctance to adopt interventionist policies especially in relation to the so‐called elite Universities, and the persistent advocacy of ‘modernisation’. Finally, the article considers, within a context of the debate in general political analysis, the potential of the Labour Party within this period to achieve significant reform in the field of higher education, drawing inter alia on the work of Ralph Miliband.     

Further Education under New Labour: translating the language of aspiration into a springboard for achievement

In this article, Ann Limb outlines the main elements of new Labour's emerging policy framework for adult, continuing and further education within the context of the debate about lifelong learning. The government has established its coherent purposes for further education and now expects successful implementation by the sector in return for significant funding. Raising standards and widening participation are the keystones of this policy and, as in other areas of government activity, ‘zero tolerance of failure’ and ‘social inclusion’ are at the heart of the agenda for further education. The article suggests that the diverse assumptions underlying the delivery of lifelong learning policies nonetheless remain largely unexplored and that it is too soon to make a sound judgment about the likely effectiveness of the new lifelong learning partnerships     

Moral Education through the 3 Rs: Rights,respect and responsibility

We report an empirical assessment of suggestions that education in the appreciation of rights may be an effective agent of moral education. A children's rights curriculum was developed that was incorporated into the existing health and social studies curricula in Grade 8 classes (age 13-15) at five different schools over a 6-month period. The curriculum was designed to teach adolescents about their rights and responsibilities under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in an egalitarian and student-centred manner. Assessment of the impact of the rights curriculum showed that, when compared with their peers who did not receive the rights curriculum, the adolescents who did indicated higher levels of self-esteem, perceived peer and teacher support and increased rights-respecting attitudes.