亲子共读中母亲言语数量与亲子交互对婴幼儿语言能力的预测作用北大核心

婴幼儿语言能力在个体发展中具有重要价值。亲子共读被证实对婴幼儿语言能力发展有重要作用。为进一步识别出亲子共读中能够有效预测婴幼儿语言能力的因素,本研究以52对亲子为研究对象,考察亲子共读中母亲言语数量和亲子交互对婴幼儿语言能力的预测作用。结果发现:亲子共读中母亲言语数量远高于婴幼儿,婴幼儿主动言语较少,以回应母亲的提问为主;母亲言语数量不能预测婴幼儿语言能力,且高输入组婴幼儿语言能力略低于低输入组;在控制婴幼儿月龄、家庭平均月收入、母亲受教育水平和母亲言语数量后,共读过程中亲子所经历的话轮数量可以正向预测婴幼儿语言能力;亲子共读可以分为合作式共读、平行式共读、沉默式共读三种类型,合作式共读下婴幼儿语言能力显著高于沉默式共读。家长不仅应根据婴幼儿年龄进行语言输入,而且应改变传统的成人读、婴幼儿听的共读模式,提高共读过程中的亲子交互,善用提问和反馈开展高质量的合作式亲子共读。     

亲子阅读类型及其对幼儿阅读能力发展的影响

本研究着重探讨亲子阅读类型以及不同亲子阅读类型对孩子阅读能力发展所产生的影响.研究发现,汉语母亲在与3～6岁不同年龄组儿童阅读图画书时,存在着平行式、偏离式和合作式三种不同的亲子阅读类型;绝大多数亲子阅读属于合作式类型;不同类型的亲子阅读母亲和幼儿之间的互动程度和水平存在差异;为提高成人与儿童互动水平,应鼓励合作式亲子阅读.研究还发现,成人在亲子阅读中使用的语言,对于孩子阅读能力的发展十分重要.     

亲子绘本阅读中家长提问策略的现状研究

亲子阅读对儿童早期阅读能力的发展有着非常重要的影响。通过对30对幼儿与家长亲子共读绘本的现场观察,对亲子绘本阅读活动的现状进行研究。研究发现,家长时提问次数多,质量不高;提问结构单一,缺乏层次性;封闭提问过多,缺乏启发性等。该结果能够为家长改善亲子阅读方式提供可资借鉴的依据。     

父亲参与亲子分享阅读的相关研究

儿童阅读能力的培养受到很多因素的影响,家庭背景也是影响儿童阅读成就的重要因素之一. [1]有研究表明,在家庭因素中,亲子文化活动对儿童的初始阅读起了最重要的作用.[2],亲子文化活动的主要途径就是亲子分享阅读.所谓亲子分享阅读(Parent-child shared-book reading)特指家庭情景中父母和孩子共同阅读故事书或图画书的一种亲子阅读活动.在传统的研究中,探讨父母在这种亲子分享阅读过程中的角色和作用时,通常将父母作为一个整体进行研究(或者主要探讨母亲),但现实是父亲拥有着区别于母亲的性别角色和社会角色.这些差异在儿童成长中所扮演的角色和产生的作用往往存在着巨大的差异.本文着重论述父亲在儿童早期阅读中的产生的独特而巨大的作用,以期引起人们对家庭教育中父亲作用的重视.     

亲子交往行为的文化差异研究

本研究对146对北京和甘肃临夏的回族和汉族儿童及其家长在游戏情境下的亲子交往行为进行了研究,结果发现,在亲子游戏中,家长的提问、表扬、交谈、旁观、独自玩等行为存在民族文化差异;家长的直接要求、提问、言语引导、肯定、表扬、委婉否定、交谈、一起游戏、旁观、强迫动作、训斥、消极情绪、不说话、替代、不反应等行为存在地域文化差异.进一步的分析发现,汉族家长在亲子互动过程中更关注儿童的自主性,回族家长更倾向于亲子互动中问题的解决;相比北京家长,甘肃临夏家长在亲子互动过程中更关注游戏任务的解决.     

0-6岁儿童非言语交流发展的初步研究

本研究通过分析 3 0名 0 -6岁正常儿童 (1 1个年龄组 )在自然场景中交流活动的录像资料 ,探索了 0 -6岁儿童非言语交流发展的规律。研究发现 (1 ) 0 -6岁儿童非言语交流的发展可以分为 3个阶段。 2岁以前 (包括 2岁 ) :儿童已经形成并掌握了基本的交流技能 ;2 -4.5岁左右 ,儿童运用非言语交流方式表达的交流功能渐趋丰富 ;4.5 -6岁 ,儿童运用各种非言语交流方式表达的人际交流功能减少 ,保留回应和给予讯息两项基本功能 ;(2 )儿童表达提问讯息和拒绝的非言语交流可能与口语发展有关。     

汉语重度听障儿童与其健听母亲语用交流行为之比较研究

在半结构语境中,通过采用国际上通用的儿童语言资料转换系统(CHIDES)、母子言语互动交流行为编码系统(INCA-A),以及CLAN数据分析程序对4-6岁汉语重度听障儿童与其健听母亲的语用交流行为进行比较研究,发现汉语重度听障儿童与其健听母亲的言语行为存在相互影响;汉语重度听障儿童与其健听母亲互动过程中形成了一套共同的主要言语行为类型,在言语倾向和言语变通水平上存在极其显著的差异。     

高教育背景母亲阅读指导风格研究

本研究以高教育背景母亲（专科及专科以上）的阅读指导方式为切入点，运用“CHILDES”语言鳊码系统，主要从母亲“讲故事”的着重点、提问类型厦幼儿对问题的反应等角度，考察高教育背景母亲与幼儿共读过程中的指导风格与特征，结果发现：高教育背景母亲在亲子阅读中的提问一般超过单纯的文本讲述数量，甚至在讲述过程中全用提问方式；各个年龄段高教育背景母亲提出的特殊疑问句和是非疑问句比重较大，而较少使用选择疑问句；幼儿对母亲提问的回答率在各个年龄段相差不大，都呈现出较低的水平，表明母子阅读整体质量不高。为此，母亲应根据幼儿年龄特征与兴趣提问，而不要一味地向幼儿施加压力，并要灵活采取指导策略，以维持幼儿的阅读兴趣。     

亲子交往行为的文化差异研究

本研究对146对北京和甘肃临夏的回族和汉族儿童及其家长在游戏情境下的亲子交往行为进行了研究,结果发现,在亲子游戏中,家长的提问、表扬、交谈、旁观、独自玩等行为存在民族文化差异;家长的直接要求、提问、言语引导、肯定、表扬、委婉否定、交谈、一起游戏、旁观、强迫动作、训斥、消极情绪、不说话、替代、不反应等行为存在地域文化差异。进一步的分析发现,汉族家长在亲子互动过程中更关注儿童的自主性,回族家长更倾向于亲子互动中问题的解决;相比北京家长,甘肃临夏家长在亲子互动过程中更关注游戏任务的解决。     

亲子阅读与儿童健全人格发展

学前期是儿童健全人格形成的关键时期。本研究从与儿童最亲密的环境要素——家庭入手,以亲子阅读为载体,通过行动研究,发现亲子阅读以其独有的显性与隐性教育并存的形态,为儿童健全人格的发展营造了真正具有主体性存在的亲子阅读体验现场,即以丰富的阅读内容、共同的阅读时光和平等的阅读互动等为体验内容,以"白描式案例"呈现了亲子阅读在儿童情感、认知和能力发展上     

幼儿园语言教学活动中教师有效提问的策略

好的问题以及科学的提问方式是幼儿思维能力和语言能力发展的重要因素。教师在语言教育教学中要充分认识到问题提问所发挥的作用,通过提问引发幼儿积极思考,强化求知欲望。幼儿园教育过程中,教师要设计科学合理的提问方式,提问要有可行性。设计互动提问方式,增强师幼之间的有效互动,从而促进幼儿语言和思维能力的共同发展。     

Children's Literature in Adult Education

This article investigates the possible role of children's literature in the education of adult learners of English. This three-year study on adult learners of English from the People's Republic of China shows that children's literature can be effective in teaching linguistic skills such as pronunciation practice and improving language acquisition. Using and reading children's literature is an initial step to developing literary competence, critical thinking, increasing knowledge, and multicultural understanding as well as exposing learners from developing countries to effective innovative educational methodology. Despite the limitations of children's literature—identification with child protagonists—it paves the way to developing literacy in adult literature.     

基于语言哲学的英语阅读教学设计初探

以语言哲学的理论为依据，设计纵横交错的立体化英语阅读教学模式，从课本到网络，从课内到课外，既有个人任务也有小组任务，既有师生互动也有生生互动，目的是提高学生的英语阅读能力。同时，教师提问和学生提问的深度融合，创建了英语阅读教与学的开放式新环境。     

Language delays, reading delays, and learning difficulties: interactive elements requiring multidimensional programming

Researchers have hypothesized four levels of instructional dialogue and claimed that teachers can improve children's language development by incorporating these dialogue levels in their classrooms. It has also been hypothesized that enhancing children's early language development enhances children's later reading development. This quasi-experimental research study investigated both of these hypotheses using a collaborative service delivery model for Grade 1 children with language difficulties from a socially and economically disadvantaged urban community in Australia. Comparing the end-of-year reading achievement scores for the 57 children who received the language intervention with those of the 59 children in the comparison group, the findings from this research are supportive of both hypotheses. The interrelationships between learning difficulties, reading difficulties, and language difficulties are discussed along with children's development in vocabulary, use of memory strategies and verbal reasoning, and the need for multidimensional programming.     

小学数学优质课堂的教学语言特征研究

优质课堂的教学语言具有一定的独特性和卓越性。从类型和载体两个角度对10节小学数学优质课堂的教学语言进行分析研究发现,在语言类型方面,提问性语言的运用最多,并以理解性提问居多,陈述性语言注重与其他类型语言结合,反馈性语言注重强口头反馈。在语言载体方面,语气和语调变化较多,语速以正常为主,偏慢为辅,不同类型教学语言所依附的载体有较为明显的特征。教师语言用时虽然是学生的1.62倍,但频次相近,体现了“打乒乓球”式的课堂互动。在引入教学环节以提问性语言为主,在主体教学部分以陈述性语言为主,在小结教学环节以过渡性语言和反馈性语言为主。     

Relationships of general vocabulary, science vocabulary, and student questioning with science comprehension in students with varying levels of English proficiency

This study investigated the influence of general vocabulary knowledge, science vocabulary knowledge, and text based questioning on the science reading comprehension of three types of students who varied in their English language proficiency. Specifically, grade 5 English-Only speakers, English Language Learners in the United States, and students learning English as a Foreign Language in a Spanish-speaking country were compared across the aforementioned variables to examine their relationship to reading comprehension. Findings indicated that general vocabulary, science vocabulary, and questioning contributed significant variance to the explanation of science reading comprehension. However, no particular variable was found to interact with language proficiency in their contribution to science reading comprehension. Findings are discussed in terms of the roles that each variable could play in content area comprehension. Implications for content-area literacy instruction of second-language students are considered.     

A synthesis of read-aloud interventions on early reading outcomes among preschool through third graders at risk for reading difficulties

A synthesis and meta-analysis of the extant research on the effects of storybook read-aloud interventions for children at risk for reading difficulties ages 3 to 8 is provided. A total of 29 studies met criteria for the synthesis, with 18 studies providing sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Read-aloud instruction has been examined using dialogic reading; repeated reading of stories; story reading with limited questioning before, during, and/or after reading; computer-assisted story reading; and story reading with extended vocabulary activities. Significant, positive effects on children's language, phonological awareness, print concepts, comprehension, and vocabulary outcomes were found. Despite the positive effects for read-aloud interventions, only a small amount of outcome variance was accounted for by intervention type.     

Preschool teachers’ literal and inferential questions and children's responses during whole-class shared reading

This study examined the extent to which preschool teachers used literal and inferential questions during classroom-based shared reading. Specific foci included (a) investigating the association among the level of literal or inferential language in the text, teachers’ text-related questions, and children's responses using sequential analysis, and (b) examining the relation between teachers’ inferential questioning and children's vocabulary outcomes. Participants included 25 preschool teachers and 159 four-year-old children. Teachers videotaped their whole-class shared reading of an informational narrative text. Teachers and children's extratextual talk was analyzed and children completed standardized vocabulary assessments in fall and spring of the academic year. When reading this informational narrative text, teachers posed, on average, slightly more inferential questions than literal questions. Significant sequential associations were observed between the level of teachers’ questions and child responses, with inferential questions consistently eliciting inferential child responses. Few characteristics of teachers’ questions were associated with children's vocabulary outcomes. Results suggest that preschool teachers can use inferential questioning to encourage children to participate in conversation at complex, inferential levels; informational texts appear to provide a successful context for this inferential discourse. Implications for teachers and allied professionals are discussed.     

立足绘本阅读 提升儿童语言表达能力

绘本是儿童的重要阅读材料,有助于儿童阅读习惯的培养,有利于儿童语言表达能力的提高。学校及教师应该重视绘本阅读,立足于培养学生语言表达能力的目标,根据学生的年龄特点和认知规律选择合适的主题绘本,还要根据绘本特点对学生进行针对性的指导,并通过展示和评价活动保证绘本阅读的效果。     

试论新课标下儿童文学教育观的重新构建

本文从语文教育中儿童文学教育观的建构角度,探讨语文教师在新形式下应该如何更新自身观念,才能在阅读教学中准确把握儿童文学作品的整体脉络、内在底蕴和精神实质,从而达到正确指导学生阅读欣赏儿童文学作品的教学目的。