宽带基础设施建设对城市创新能力的影响

本文立足于当前新基建的背景,借助中国2009—2017年283个地级及以上城市的面板数据,运用“渐进性”双重差分模型实证检验了“宽带中国”示范城市建设对创新能力的影响。研究发现,“宽带中国”示范城市建设显著提高了城市创新能力,在经过平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验、PSM-DID方法估计以及其他稳健性检验后,研究结论依然稳健。机制检验结果表明,“宽带中国”示范城市建设能显著提高城市互联网发展水平,进而驱动了城市创新能力的提升。进一步研究发现,“宽带中国”示范城市建设对城市创新能力的影响存在异质性,创新效应在东部地区城市、等级较高城市、规模较大城市以及互联网发展水平较高城市更加显著。本文的研究为中国进一步深入实施“宽带中国”示范城市建设政策、提高国家自主创新能力、加快建设创新型国家提供了参考依据。     

The Growth of Broadband and Electronic Commerce in South Korea: Contributing Factors

From 1998 through 2001, South Korea witnessed a remarkable diffusion in broadband Internet connections. Using published and other data, this paper explores the actions and factors contributing to this diffusion from three viewpoints: government, private sector, and social. We suggest that the matching of demand and supply is the most important factor in the fast diffusion of broadband in Korea. In particular, fierce infrastructure competition led to quality services at a low fixed price. Online gaming exhibits some of the characteristics of a "killer application"; there are also some social and cultural drivers of demand. We then consider the impact that this rapid diffusion has had on electronic commerce. We produce conclusions of value to policymakers.     

The Growth of Broadband and Electronic Commerce in South Korea: Contributing Factors

From 1998 through 2001, South Korea witnessed a remarkable diffusion in broadband Internet connections. Using published and other data, this paper explores the actions and factors contributing to this diffusion from three viewpoints: government, private sector, and social. We suggest that the matching of demand and supply is the most important factor in the fast diffusion of broadband in Korea. In particular, fierce infrastructure competition led to quality services at a low fixed price. Online gaming exhibits some of the characteristics of a "killer application"; there are also some social and cultural drivers of demand. We then consider the impact that this rapid diffusion has had on electronic commerce. We produce conclusions of value to policymakers.     

The Bumpy Road to Universal Access: An Actor-Network Analysis of a U.S. Municipal Broadband Internet Initiative

Universal high-speed Internet access can productively transform a nation's economy. However, many municipalities in the United States have been left behind in terms of Internet penetration. Some municipal governments have tried to address this by launching initiatives that aim at offering citywide, universal broadband access. Unfortunately, most of these initiatives either have been discontinued or have ended in failure. Drawing on actor-network theory, we conducted a 3-year study to investigate the evolution of the Internet TV initiative in LaGrange, Georgia, in the United States. The results reveal distinct interpretations of the initiative by different actor groups (the government, the service providers, socioeconomically advantaged residents, and socioeconomically disadvantaged residents), at different stages of implementation, pointing to tensions among the various groups. These tensions reflect the structural problems embedded in the macro political, economic, and societal context. The findings offer insights for policymakers who intend to achieve universal broadband access.     

物联网在智能公交及停车场中的应用

随着信息化的不断推进,物联网从最初的提出到现在被越来越多的应用到了生活中各行各业、各个领域,在智能交通中也有各种形式广泛的应用。随着基于物联网的智能公交及停车场在多个省市中的初步推广运用,城市公交系统的现代化水平和服务能力得到提升,对城市道路交通拥堵和交通节能减排也起到了有效缓解的作用。文章在阐述基本概念的基础上,探讨和分析物联网在智能交通中的一部分——智能公交管理中的应用,以及在智能公交停车场管理中的应用。     

“互联网+”背景下的网络文化产业生态治理

基于生态学视角探索网络文化产业在"互联网+"背景下的产业生态结构与现代化治理是一个新思路。通过对北京、上海、广州、深圳和杭州等五大城市599份有效问卷进行实证分析验证了网络文化产业生态系统的存在,并解构为内生态主体与外生态环境两部分;发现网民在当前中国网络文化产业发展中的作用偏弱,而且与其他内生态主体及外生态环境是疏离的,缺乏有效互动;技术因素在网络文化产业发展过程中影响力相对最低,反映出目前影响我国网络文化产业发展的主要阻滞并不在技术环节;政府的标准化路径系数最高,表明当前中国网络文化产业仍处于政府主导的生态系统。在"大云平移"时代,对网络文化产业的治理需建立"互联网思维"下的多元主体生态治理体系。     

网络学习中网瘾大学生的学习现状分析

目前,大学生网络成瘾占比非常高。通过对网络学习课堂的观察,发现网瘾大学生在网络学习中的问题,并探究解决的对策。     

The Internet Backbone and the American Metropolis

Despite the rapid growth of advanced telecommunications services, there is a lack of knowledge about the geographic diffusion of these new technologies. The Internet presents an important challenge to communications researchers, as it threatens to redefine the production and delivery of vital services including finance, retailing, and education. This article seeks to address the gap in the current literature by analyzing the development of Internet backbone networks in the United States between 1997 and 1999. We focus upon the intermetropolitan links that have provided transcontinental data transport services since the demise of the federally subsidized networks deployed in the 1970s and 1980s. We find that a select group of seven highly interconnected metropolitan areas consistently dominated the geography of national data networks, despite massive investment in this infrastructure over the study period. Furthermore, while prosperous and internationally oriented American cities lead the nation in adopting and deploying Internet technologies, interior regions and economically distressed cities have failed to keep up. As information-based industries and services account for an increasing share of economic activity, this evidence suggests that the Internet may aggravate the economic disparities among regions, rather than level them. Although the capacity of the backbone system has slowly diffused throughout the metropolitan system, the geographic structure of interconnecting links has changed little. Finally, the continued persistence of the metropolis as the center for telecommunications networks illustrates the need for a more sophisticated understanding of the interaction between societies and technological innovations.     

基于区块链技术的电动汽车退役电池梯次利用方案研究

电动汽车动力电池精细化梯次利用成为亟待解决的难点问题。本文设计了基于区块链技术的动力电池梯次利用方案,建立了具有共识机制的电池全生命周期信息存储链。梯次利用场景包括电动汽车服役场景、能源互联网储能场景、废弃电池提炼等多级场景。该方案实现了去中心化、提高了数据安全和经济性,显著降低了梯级间的交易成本和检测成本,增加了电池的剩余价值。模拟测算结果表明,该方案可显著提高动力电池利用率,预估我国2030年电动汽车1亿辆保有量,约产生3879亿经济效益,相比目前两种梯次利用方案的2313亿、1351亿,增值约147.7%,53.4%。     

我国互联网企业参与“一带一路”建设的战略思考

互联网产业通过多业态的整合与优化,为"一带一路"带来经济和社会领域资源的重新配置,推动形成区域内经济、文化和社会各种发展形态的融合与重生,其在"一带一路"建设中发挥着日益重要的作用。我国互联网企业应抓紧时机从顶层推进上深化布局,推动相关业务"走出去",在网络信息基础设施建设、数字内容业务推进以及网络安全生态构建等方面发力。政府部门也需稳步引导和推进我国互联网企业"走出去",强化国家对中国互联网企业参与"一带一路"建设的领导、引领,统筹协调在"一带一路"沿线国家的业务推进,为中国互联网企业海外发展提供必要支持。     

Mapping and measuring the information society: A social science perspective on the opportunities,problems, and prospects of broadband Internet data in the United States

Abstract

There are concerns across government, industry, and academia over the inadequacies of data on broadband Internet connections. These inadequacies are important to consider because government policies and regulations, industry strategies, and scholarly research can be impacted by inaccurate or distorted data. Given that there are ongoing discussions about policy initiatives to improve these data, this article sets out to critically review publicly available data, identify important limitations of these data, and profile studies that have used these data successfully. In this review, the dynamic nature of broadband data will be discussed and the tradeoffs of pursuing further investments to create better databases evaluated. This evaluation suggests a more fruitful research path would be to recognize and work around existing data drawbacks, using the studies profiled in this article as examples, to explore a multitude of issues related to broadband availability, adoption, and use.     

物联网应用的问颗分析及引入原则

本文通过介绍物联网的发展现状和前景,深入探讨相关技术领域,为我们展示了物联网智能社会全景图,包括智能家庭、智能医疗、智能物流、智能电网等,并模拟再现物联网时代普通人的美好一天,给读者以直接的感性认识。本文针对物联网的技术和业务特点提出其引入策略。     

黄河流域三生空间的演变与区域差异——基于资源型与非资源型城市的对比

黄河流域是中国生态脆弱性较典型的国土空间范围,流域内资源型与非资源型城市经济发展方式差异大,研究两者三生空间的演变与区域差异,对认知黄河流域国土空间开发利用状况很重要。在三生空间分类的基础上,采用空间自相关、泰尔指数,测度了流域内两类城市三生空间的区域差异。研究表明：①两类城市三生空间均变化较大,生活空间上升显著,资源型城市生态空间被生活、生产空间挤压的时段更长;非资源型城市生产空间被生活、生态空间挤压的时段更长。②两类城市三生空间具有空间聚集特征,三生空间的高密度区和低密度区较稳定。③对于影响两类城市三生空间区域差异的要素（经济和人口）而言,经济发展更易扰动三生空间变化。在经济和人口要素的影响下,非资源型城市三生空间的区域差异较大,而资源型城市的区域差异较小,其可能的原因与非资源型城市经济发展方式多样而资源型城市相对单一有关。黄河流域所有城市三生空间的总体差异主要来自两类城市内部。资源型城市生产、生态空间的区域差异,以及非资源型城市生活空间的区域差异,对黄河流域所有城市三生空间的区域差异产生主要影响。本文提出相关对策建议,以期为黄河流域国土空间管控与治理提供参考。     

互联网发展、技术溢出与区域创新能力

目前,创新已成为驱动中国社会经济发展的重要因素,但较为详细的研究中国社会创新能力现状及其影响因素的文献并不多见。本文采用2008-2017年中国31个省市的空间面板数据,运用空间自相关模型（SAC）,并构建邻接权重矩阵和地理距离矩阵,考察互联网发展对区域创新能力影响的异质性与关联性。研究表明：区域创新能力会形成空间依赖性;互联网发展会显著促进区域创新产出水平的提高,并且这种促进作用具有空间异质性,相较于东部地区,中部和西部地区无法完全发挥网络效应,互联网发展的促进作用较弱。进一步研究发现,互联网发展会通过外商直接投资间接提升区域创新能力,但互联网的这一间接影响要小于其对区域创新能力的直接影响。     

基于竞争、协同、共生、互赢机制的川渝经济合作与发展探析

论述川渝两地发挥区域经济优势,共同打造西部经济增长极,是两地面临的共同历史机遇和战略任务。对竞争与合作的机制进行了理论上的概括,对川渝两地经济发展进行了对比分析,探讨了两地经济发展的互补性领域,在此基础上提出建立经济发展的共生、协同、互赢机制以及推进川渝经济合作与发展的设想与对策。     

基于集对分析的城市经济社会发展评价及实证

城市经济社会发展是指衡量一个地区经济、民生和生态等多方面间的协调状态。本文从经济发展、社会民生、科技进步、资源环境这4个准则方面建立了包含36个指标的城市经济社会发展评价指标体系；本文通过集对分析方法，将不同单一评价方法对最好评价排序的同一度和最坏评价排序的对立度结合起来，得到最终的统一城市评价结果，解决变异系数赋权、离差法赋权等不同评价方法排序不一致的问题。本文以我国15个副省级城市为实证样本，实证结果表明：中国副省级城市经济社会发展存在明显的地区差异。南方地区的经济社会发展水平明显优于东北地区和中西部地区，沿海城市较内陆城市排名靠前。其中，深圳、广州、杭州经济社会发展综合排名位于前三，沈阳、长春为于末二位。     

基于互联网+行动的图书馆创新服务研究

互联网+引领着创新2.0的新时代,深刻地改变着图书馆的服务理念与服务方式,也标志着图书馆进入到了关键转型期。文章深刻剖析了互联网+改变图书馆创新服务的典型特征,阐述了互联网+带给图书馆创新服务的源泉与动力。大数据和用户参与是互联网+对图书馆创新服务的核心要素。探讨了互联网+使互联网技术推动图书馆创新服务,多类型图书馆的协同合作是图书馆服务创新的有力支撑,供应商也驱动着图书馆的创新服务。互联网+势必对图书馆的创新服务起到积极的推动作用,互联网+促使图书馆创新服务的技术使用与人文关怀的融合,平等自由享受与个性化需求满足的和谐,平衡用户数据开放与数据安全的矛盾。互联网+势必会对图书馆的创新服务发展起到积极的推动作用。     

我国网络信息资源建设立法研究

文章基于网络信息资源的特点，归纳了我国网络信息环境建设的立法状况，重点分析了网络信息资源的种类及其知识产权保护，提出了网络信息资源开发利用中法制建设的核心任务和主要研究领域。     

Machines That Become Us: The Social Context of Personal Communication Technology,edited by James E. Katz. New Brunswick,NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2003. 331 pp. $49.95 (cloth). ISBN 0-7658-0158-2

We employ Lessig's framework of regulation to conceptualize the relationship between the Internet and democracy. Lessig defines four classes of regulators, forces that control and define systems such as the Internet. They are markets, architectures, norms, and laws. We propose that a “democratic regulator” is a force that serves to enhance civil or political liberties. And we argue by example that there are democratic (and, indeed, anti-democratic) regulators that control aspects of cyberspace. Expressing the democratic effects of the Internet in this manner may prove useful for future comparisons across existing Internet and democracy theories, especially in the realm of quantitative analyses.     

Consumer Benefits of Public Services Over FTTH in Japan: Comparative Analysis of Provincial and Urban Areas by Using Discrete Choice Experiment

As the rapid development of broadband Internet access services continues, particularly fiber to the home (FTTH) services, the digital divide between provincial and urban areas is becoming a big social issue in Japan. We classify the issue into two problems: access to high-speed Internet, and service utilization of high-speed Internet access. We focus on the latter problem by quantitatively and qualitatively investigating whether a digital divide problem exists based on Internet service utilization. Consequently, we discover that willingness to pay (WTP) for public services over FTTH is almost identical between provincial and urban areas. Furthermore, territorial digital broadcasting over FTTH accounts for a large part of WTP in provincial areas, while tele-working and tele-education are also important as public services over FTTH in urban areas.