艺术体操美的表现形式

艺术体操是以美为特征的体育项目。根据艺术体操运动的特点，对艺术体操美的表现形式进行探讨，并对艺术体操教学中如何进行美育教育作了论述。     

艺术体操比赛中运动员心理障碍的产生与调节

本文结合艺术体操比赛特点，探讨了艺术体操运动员赛前、赛中、赛后心理障碍产生的特点及规律，并提出了相应的调节方法和手段。     

艺术体操运动员体重控制方法研究

艺术体操运动的特点要求运动员体重轻、体形匀，因此体重控制是艺术体操运动员在训练过程中一个十分常见的问题。分析控制体重的实质，提出了艺术体操运动员体重控制的方法，并详细介绍了肉碱控制体重的生理机制及其在艺术体操运动员体重控制中的应用。     

试论高校艺术体操教学及其动作编排

艺术体操是体育的一种形式，也是竞技运动的一个项目。文章对艺术体操的性质，高校艺术体操的特点，及其编排技巧等问题进行了论述，提出了了解学生的兴趣与需要是组织教学的一条有效途径。     

2001年艺术体操规则变化的主要特点及对技术发展的影响

艺术体操规则历来对艺术体操技术的发展起着积极导向和主动制约的作用，并与裁判员的评分紧密相联。通过对国际艺术体操评分规则的比较、分析和研究，探讨了2001～2008年艺术体操国际评分规则变化的主要特点及对技术发展的影响，以期更加科学地指导运动训练实践。     

艺术体操运动员身体素质测量方法与指标体系评价的研究

笔者以全国艺术体操比赛中优秀少年运动员为研究对象，对艺术体操运动员身体素质测量方法及指标进行了长达６年的实验研究，设计出了更为科学实用的髋关节柔韧性及躯干柔韧性及弹跳力等素质的测量方法，建立了一整套具有艺术体操特点的身体素质测试指标体系。这对检测和提高艺术体操运动员身体素质的发展水平有着非常重要的意义     

在高校艺术体操选修课程中培养女生终身体育能力的研究

通过对艺术体操项目特点，高校女生生理、心理特点及高校女生接受终身体育培养的重要性分析，认为艺术体操应是高校女生进行终身体育教育的重要内容之一。文中重点论述了运用艺术体操教学对高校女生终身体育能力的培养。     

试论艺术体操运动员音乐节奏感的培养

音乐在艺术体操中具有十分重要的地位，而音乐节奏是音乐语言表达中最重要的因素之一。节奏是音乐的精髓，也是动作力度的感情基础，在艺术体操中，一切动作如跑、跳、转的速度，都是以音乐旋律中的节奏为依据的。因此，在艺术体操的训练中应更加重视节奏感的培养。在节奏感的培养中，应循序渐进，并根据不同运动员的特点选择不同的音乐节奏，从而更好地使艺术体操与音乐完美结合，使艺术体操运动员发挥最佳水平，赛出更好的成绩。     

艺术体操艺术美的表现力及表现形式的研究

艺术体操是以美为特征的体育项目,根据艺术体操运动的特点,对艺术体操美的表现形式进行探讨,并对如何进行艺术体操训练作了探讨。     

武术元素在艺术体操项目中的应用策略研究

本研究旨在探讨武术元素在艺术体操项目中的应用策略。通过分析传统武术中艺术体操的特点,以及艺术体操教学中融合传统武术的困境,继而提出了武术元素与艺术体操融合的具体策略,进而为艺术体操教学提供了新思路,也为艺术体操的创新发展拓展了路径。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。