Observing justice in the primary school classroom

Justice-related situations are a part of students? everyday life. In order to test the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of (in)justice in school, valid measures of justice are needed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to develop an observer low inference rating instrument that can be applied to measure justice in the primary classroom. In two pre-studies, justice-relevant situations in the classroom were extracted and observable indicators for these situations were developed. In the main study, this instrument was used to observe 208 primary school students with regard to their experiences of justice or injustice. In addition to this, other measures of justice were developed to examine the convergence between observer low inference ratings of classroom justice and high inference rating instruments for teachers, students, and external observers.Factor analyses and correlations between the different indices of the observer low inference rating and the high inference rating items suggested that incidents of justice and injustice in the classroom do not tend to co-occur frequently. Teachers do not appear to have a general tendency to treat a child more or less justly across a large number of situations.The findings suggest that a comprehensive assessment of classroom justice requires a multi-method approach where the justice ratings of students, teachers and external observers are all taken into consideration.     

小学数学课堂教学设计与反思

教师在课堂教学前进行合理的教学设计,教学就已经成功了一半,同时,教师教学设计的好坏也直接影响学生的学习效果和学习能力的锻炼,因此课堂教学设计显得尤为重要。教学设计中,教师要努力为学生提供一定的动手素材和思想素材,同时把数学问题生活化,贴近学生生活实际,不仅使学生的思维能力得到训练,而且还可减少学生对数学的畏惧感和枯燥感,以便更好地激发出学生学数学的兴趣。     

小学英语有效课堂教学研究

在小学英语课程实施中,有效地进行课堂教学设计,有利于学生把握正确的学习方向、采用科学的学习方法、形成浓厚的学习氛围,进而提高学生的学习效率,同时,还将为学生日后的自主学习打下扎实的基础。     

Supporting primary school teachers in differentiating in the regular classroom

Many primary school teachers experience difficulties in effectively differentiating in the regular classroom. This study investigated the effect of the STIP-approach on teachers' differentiation activities and self-efficacy, and children's learning outcomes and instructional value. Teachers using the STIP-approach for their science lessons were compared to teachers using their regular programme. 16 teachers and 306 children were observed and received questionnaires at four different times. Results show that using the STIP-approach resulted in more differentiation in task, content, and process. Moreover, children of STIP-teachers who showed many types of differentiation activities learnt more than children of STIP-teachers who differentiated less.     

Observed classroom quality in first grade: associations with teacher, classroom, and school characteristics

The observation and assessment of quality of teacher–child interactions in elementary school settings are increasingly recognized as important; however, research is still very limited in European countries. In this study, we examined the quality of the interactions between teacher and children in first-grade classrooms in Portugal and the extent to which structural features at teacher-, classroom-, and school-level explained variation in this quality. One hundred fifteen classrooms participated in the study. Classrooms were observed through a standardized rating scale concerning emotional, organizational, and instructional support. Results indicated that the levels of emotional and organizational support in most classrooms were of moderate quality, but the levels of instructional support were low, suggesting that most observed activities did not encourage students’ higher-order thinking skills. An examination of the associations between teacher and classroom characteristics and the quality of teacher–child interactions indicated a small effect for teacher education. Teachers with an advanced degree were more likely to be more emotionally sensitive and to have better instructional interactions in the classroom. For school-level characteristics, findings showed that the classrooms in private and smaller schools were likely to provide higher levels of emotional, organizational, and instructional quality. The results suggest that focusing on the interactions between teacher and children can provide valuable information to enhance classroom quality.     

Measuring classroom climate: Validation of the CCQ-P for primary,middle school and high school levels,on the Romanian population

Several high-quality instruments are used for investigations on classroom climate. Out of these, none is valid on all three educational pre-tertiary levels (primary, middle school and high school). This situation limits our understanding about classroom climate along different educational levels. We collected responses on a large Romanian student sample (1003 students, 49.3 % boys), and we investigated the internal validity of the Classroom Climate Questionnaire – Primary (CCQ-P, Aldridge & Galos, 2018) using confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses. The original model obtained a good fit and partially maintained structure across the three educational levels. Thus, this study opens the door for the investigation of this questionnaire for the three pre-university levels in other national contexts. This could impact how we look at the transition of students between levels and it could offer new input about the practical actions related to this process.     

游戏化教学在小学信息技术课堂教学中的应用

新课标侧重于对学生信息素养的培养和学生的学习能力的激发,游戏化教学顺应了新课标的这一要求,作为一种新型的教学方式它也备受广大师生的青睐,这种教学方式可以激发小学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的独立思考能力和对问题的探究能力。文章首先讲述了游戏化教学的必要性,其次讲述了游戏化教学的设计要求和基本的游戏设计,最后以具体的案例的形式展现了游戏化教学的优点和具体的教学效果。     

On implementation strategy of primary school mathematics inquiry classroom

新课程倡导“动手实践,自主探索与合作交流”的探究式教学.我们要实施主动探求知识、动手实践、合作交流、发现问题、解决问题的学习方式,以发展学生独立研究的能力.     

谈小学数学探究性课堂的实施策略

新课程倡导"动手实践,自主探索与合作交流"的探究式教学。我们要实施主动探求知识、动手实践、合作交流、发现问题、解决问题的学习方式,以发展学生独立研究的能力。     

探究农村小学课堂教学中存在的问题及解决策略

近年来,国家教育改革在深层次展开,特别是在农村教育领域发生了很大变化,其存在的问题也逐渐凸显出来,被越来越多的人关注和研究。本文力图从农村小学课堂教学中存在的问题出发,分析其问题存在的原因,从而进一步有针对性地提出解决策略。     

Learning Chinese characters via mobile technology in a primary school classroom

This paper describes a project, including the design, development, and use of a mobile application (referred to as application hereafter) for learning Chinese as a second language in a bilingual primary school. The application was designed for iPod Touch Apple technology with the purpose to facilitate learning of a fundamental set of 200 Chinese characters. The project was a coordinated effort of experts, including an instructional designer, a software engineer, a Chinese language expert, and classroom teachers to develop an experimental Chinese character learning application for the primary school classroom. This paper reports how the project team explored experiences of teachers and learners in a particular context, developed understanding of teaching and learning needs for Chinese language learning, and how these inform design of the educational application. The final outcomes of the project include a Chinese character learning application and recommendations for design and use of educational applications in Chinese language teaching and other similar contexts.     

自主高效课堂背景下小学计算教学的实践研究

文章阐述如何运用复习铺垫,情境激趣—巧用迁移,自主探究—引导发现,归纳方法—练习深化,优化方法—总结回顾,多元评价的教学策略,在小学计算教学中实施"自主发现式"教学。     

游戏教学法在小学英语课堂中的运用

古语有云:"好之者不如乐之者",兴趣是学习最好的老师,在小学英语课堂中采用游戏教学法,符合小学生的个性心理特点,延长注意力集中时间,挖掘思维潜力,激发学习英语的兴趣,达到巩固学习内容的目的。适宜的课堂游戏可以培养学生的竞争意识、团队合作意识,提高学习效率,促进学生全面发展,使学生在愉快的氛围中学习英语。游戏教学法固然是一种值得提倡的教学方法,但在实际的运用中,仍有一些值得关注和避免的地方。     

澳大利亚小学课堂教学模式

在教育及实践中,有不同的教学模式,不同的教学模式又有其不同的特点。结果主义教学模式在当代西方教学中扮演了极演了极其重要的角色。通过对澳大利亚小学课堂教学的实地考察,可以看出结构主义教学模式在澳大利亚小学教学为中的运用及其特点。     

湖南省小学语文课堂教学改革的探索

湖南省小学语文课堂教学的改革,历经了教学从单一化走向多样化;从“做课”走向设计具有创新意义的教学过程;从提问、支离破碎地分析课文走向“整体感知”、重感悟、重积累;从“一课一得”走向“一课多得”;教案编写从千篇一律走向具有创意这一探索过程,它对提高全省小学语文课堂教学的质量,实施全面的素质教育,对２１世纪湖南省小学语文课堂教学改革的继续探索具有一定的意义。     

Including children with a visual impairment in the mainstream primary school classroom

This article reports on ESRC-funded research, 'Including children with visual impairment in mainstream primary school classrooms'. The inquiry comprised a multiple case study of children with visual impairment in 17 mainstream primary schools. Classroom observation and interviews were the main methods used. Interviews were conducted with all those who had a direct impact on the quality of the children's inclusion in the classrooms, such as the teaching assistant, class teacher and specialist visiting teachers, as well as with others to provide a richer contextual understanding of the teaching and learning in the schools. Overcoming barriers to the participation and learning of children with visual impairment emerged as: the provision of an adequate additional support; inclusion in the main learning processes taking place in the classroom; and good communication between the teaching team. A discussion of the meaning of inclusion in the context of the classroom is provided.     

美国小学教室布置对我国教育理念的启示

教室是校园文化的主要窗口,既是学生学习知识的重要场所,也是学校育人的主要阵地。从教室环境的布置、设置情况可以管窥出一个教师,一个班级乃至整个学校的教学理念、学校精神以及教育制度的差异。本文从美国小学教室的布置的特点入手,探讨中美两国教育理念的不同,重点探究美国教室布置对中国教育理念的启示。     

Learning from learning logs: A case study of metacognition in the primary school classroom

Structured thinking activities (STAs) are pedagogical tools used to support metacognition in classrooms. Despite their popularity, little is known about how pupils use STAs as platforms to think about and manage their own thinking (i.e. as metacognitive tools). This case study investigated pupils’ use of STAs in relation to metacognition throughout a school year. We focus on two 8-year-old pupils, Amy and Laura, as they completed two specific STAs through weekly class meets and termly achievement logs. Data were triangulated through participant observation, qualitative interviews and analysis of written texts. We found clear differences between Laura's and Amy's written STAs, however observation and interviews revealed that engagement with STAs was similar beyond that suggested by the written evidence alone. Whereas Amy used easily spelt ‘stock’ responses, Laura used ‘bare minimum’ responses to meet teacher expectations. As such, neither Amy nor Laura used STAs as metacognitive tools, however in negotiating STAs, both exhibited strategic regulatory skills indicative of metacognition. Whilst our findings highlight that pupils may still be developing explicit metacognitive knowledge necessary to take full advantage of STAs, we highlight the clear value of persistent approaches to using STAs as tools to support developing metacognition, particularly in association with teacher–pupil interactions.     

如何提高小学数学课堂教学的有效性

课堂教学是教师开展教学活动的主阵地,是学生获取知识的主渠道,小学数学教学的主要目标都必须在课堂中完成。因此,课堂教学,作为教学的一种基本形式,无论是现在还是将来,都是学校教学的主阵地。