Introduction to Special Issue—STEM Workforce: STEM Education and the Post-Scientific Society

Journal of Science Education and Technology - An assumption is often made that STEM shortages can be remedied by either increasing the number of STEM graduates or...     

An Informal Science Education Program’s Impact on STEM Major and STEM Career Outcomes

Research in Science Education - While there is extensive evidence that STEM careers can be important pathways for augmenting social mobility and for increasing individual prestige, many youth...     

Do outreach activities in secondary STEM education motivate students and improve their attitudes towards STEM?

The present study investigated outreach activities, developed by STEM-based companies or universities in co-creation with secondary education with the aim to inform students about and motivate them for a career in STEM by connecting the work-context with school-science. Although many of such activities are being offered, little is known about their effects. We investigated students’ perceptions with the outreach learning environment, perceived need-fulfilment, self-reported motivation and attitudes towards STEM. Data were gathered from 729 high-school students engaged in 12 activities in the USA and the Netherlands. The students completed a questionnaire, which contained questions about four elements of our theoretical frame based on the Self-Determination-Theory (SDT). Perceived needs-fulfilment and motivation were measured using the basic-psychological-needs-scale and the self-regulation-questionnaire. Attitudes were measured using the test-of-science-related-attitudes. Learning environment perceptions were measured in a previous study using subscales of what-is-happing-in-this-classroom (WIHIC), constructivist-learning-environments-scale (CLES) and classroom-environment-scale (CES) and typified by activity characteristics. Multilevel analyses of variance were conducted for the two motivation scales (controlled and autonomous-motivation) and the two attitude scales (social-implication and career-interest). Activity characteristics explained almost all variance in these variables between activities. Specific characteristics of outreach activities that statistically significantly related to autonomous motivation and positive general attitudes towards STEM were: workshop-format, understanding science, an out-of-school component. The attitude towards a possible STEM-career was positively associated with autonomous-motivation and negatively associated with controlled-motivation. Thus, outreach learning environments indeed created opportunities to increase students’ motivation in STEM and attitude towards STEM, but the impact varied according to particular characteristics of the activities.     

Only STEM Can Save Us? Examining Race,Place, and STEM Education as Property

The rhetoric about science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in urban schools reflects a desire to imagine a new city that is poised to compete in a STEM-centered future. Therefore, STEM has been positioned as a critical part of urban education reform efforts. In various US cities, schools labeled as failing are being repurposed as selective STEM-intensive academies to build a STEM education infrastructure. In Memphis, Tennessee, this process makes visible issues with educational inequity, exacerbated by school choice and gentrification processes. In this article, I use whiteness as property, a tenet of critical race theory, to examine STEM education in Memphis as a case of urban STEM-based education reform in the United States. I describe claiming STEM education as property as a 2-phase process in which middle-class Whites in urban areas participate to secure STEM education by repurposing failed Black schools and to maintain it by institutionalizing selective admissions strategies.     

Whose STEM? Disrupting the Gender Crisis Within STEM

This article challenges implicit understandings of scientific inquiry and gender within contemporary responses to the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Failing to recognize the gendered history of science, and thus STEM disciplines, we argue that much research and curricular interventions are overly invested in simply providing women institutional access to or creating feminized environments within STEM. Such shortsighted analyses lead to processes we term gender washing and painting pink, both of which diminish the possibilities for meaningful engagement with gendered ontologies within scientific inquiry. Working from important and diverse strands of feminist theory, we suggest that serious considerations of women and STEM must include a framework that critically engages the entanglement of gender and science. We conclude that a focused and intentional analysis of gender and scientific inquiry, that opposes constructions of STEM as fixed entities to simply be imparted or made accessible to women, has important implications for understanding science as a (post) human endeavor.     

包容性STEM高中:美国STEM高中改革的新浪潮

包容性STEM高中旨在缩小STEM成就在性别和种族之间鸿沟,作为STEM高中新浪潮,席卷了美国STEM教育界,成为当前最受关注的美国新兴高中发展模式之一。为了弥合选拔性STEM高中只面向少数精英学生的缺陷,包容性STEM高中面向所有学生,为不同水平的学生提供STEM学习机会,提高学生的STEM学习动力,为高校和社会输送STEM人才。以马诺新技术高中为代表的包容性STEM高中为解决STEM教育公平开创了全新模式。这为我国解决STEM教育公平问题,推动STEM教育的普及提供了有益的经验和参考。     

Scratch融入STEM教育

将软硬件结合的Scratch运用于教学,其中的一个重点就是解决工程技术问题。技术问题在程序设计中往往比较容易解决,困难的是工程问题的解决。Scratch软件也成功融入了STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）的综合情境之中。     

美国STEM教育改革的走向——基于《STEM2026:STEM教育创新愿景》的分析

为了更好促进美国STEM教育改革,美国出台了《STEM2026:STEM教育创新愿景》。该报告提出:STEM教育要从娃娃抓起;STEM教育要丰富生源,让更多弱势群体接受优质STEM教育;STEM教育要从校内走向校外,构建校内外一体化的STEM教育环境;STEM课程要注重学科的交叉整合,不仅要实现科学、技术、工程和数学之间的融合,还要重视STEM与其他学科的融合;STEM教学要融入游戏且具有风险性,让学生在探究中感知STEM教育的魅力,且养成不畏险阻的科学精神;STEM考评方式要多样且能促进学生更好地学习,为此考评方式要创新且具操作性。     

An Investigation of University Students and Professionals’ Professional STEM Identity Status

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Set amidst the backdrop of concerns related to the entry of students to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers, this study...     

美国的STEM雄心

科学定理、定律、概念是简洁的,单向度的,而真实情境是复杂的,多维度的,所以,当把单向度的知识应用到多维度的情境中时,学生们的思维路径就变得多元了。又是STEM教师。2013年,美国教师的殊荣——国家年度教师奖又一次颁给了STEM教师。如果一直关注美国国家年度教师奖,我们不难发现,近些年来,这一奖项似乎对STEM教师格外＂偏爱＂。2008～2013年间,6位获奖者当中有一半是STEM教师。     

STEM课程中的工程设计

目前,“工程任务”仍是目前STEM课程的主要表现形式,而“设计”是工程任务中不可缺失的环节。从分析实际的工程设计出发,发掘工程设计“有效”的具体表现:以需求为目标,以科学为核心,以创新为突破,以稳定为基石,以规范为准绳。提出提升STEM课程中工程设计有效性的方法:积累经验,从无设计到有设计;科学探究,从自由设计到科学设计;难点突破:从小设计到大设计;构思全局:从大设计到小设计;尊重数据:从粗糙设计到精确设计;迭代反思:从无视设计到敬畏设计。     

STEM教育技术展望

近年来,STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)教育日益成为美国教育发展战略的重中之重,也吸引了世界许多国家的关注和重视。2012年,新媒体联盟发布了联合多家教育机构共同编写的《STEM教育技术展望(2012~2017):地平线报告行业分析》报告。该报告采用与地平线主报告类似的体例,分1年内、2~3年、4~5年3个时间阶段,盘点了12项将对STEM教育产生影响或将被采用的新兴技术,其中不     

STEM领域的性别差异

STEM领域基于性别所形成的差异问题已受到研究者们的广泛关注。目前,该领域的性别差异归因于生物、心理和社会文化相互作用的结果。强调成长型思维模式、树立女性角色榜样、削弱STEM领域的性别刻板印象、支持STEM专业人员的工作与家庭平衡可以帮助缩小该领域的性别差距。     

Development and application of a scale to measure students’ STEM continuing motivation

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to develop a scale to measure students’ STEM continuing motivation (CM). In accordance with the conceptualisation of CM by Maehr (1976. Continuing motivation: An analysis of a seldom considered educational outcome. Review of Educational Research, 46(3), 443–462. doi:10.3102/00346543046003443), we define STEM CM as students’ tendencies to actively engage in STEM-related activities. The STEM Continuing Motivation Scale was developed from a literature review and student cognitive interviews, and was validated on a sample of 465 Chinese 7th and 8th graders. The results demonstrated that the developed scale had high reliability (Cronbach’s α?=?0.91) and good validity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that boys had significantly higher STEM CM than girls and there were significant differences in engineering CM among students from different schools. The implications of the findings of this study are also discussed.     

Women into science and engineering? Gendered participation in higher education STEM subjects

This paper considers gendered patterns of participation in post‐compulsory STEM education. It examines the trajectory of learning that takes students from A‐level qualifications, through undergraduate work and into employment or further study. It also uses a long‐term view to look at the best available evidence to monitor participation and attainment over an extended period of time. The findings suggest that almost three decades of initiatives to increase participation in STEM subjects have had little noticeable impact on the recruitment data and gendered patterns of participation persist in several subject areas. This is despite more women entering HE and little gender difference in the entry qualifications for STEM subjects. While more women are studying science, as broadly conceived, than ever before, recruitment to key areas, namely physics and engineering remains stagnant. However, for those women who do remain in the ‘science stream’ patterns of employment in graduate careers and further study appear relatively equitable.     

论STEM教育的特点

STEM教育是综合了科学、技术、工程与数学的特点,将知识的获取、方法与工具的利用以及创新生产的过程有机统一,促进学生科学、技术、工程与教学综合素养形成的教育。它重视学校技术教育与工程教育。STEM教育具有综合性、动态性、回归性、实践性与丰富性等特点。     

联合国教科文组织的STEM教育探索

<正>从促进全民教育、关注性别平等的初心出发,LINESCO在成立IISTEM之前就推进过若干STEM教育项目,尤其在开发STEM素养框架、试验STEM教育课程以及促进STEM教育性别平等等领域颇有建树。进入21世纪以来,聚焦教育如何应对新世纪的各项挑战,各主要国家和国际组织相继开展了关于21世纪技能方面的研究与探索。STEM教育理念与实践起源于美国,继而扩展至全球,各国相继开展了适合本国特色的科学、技术、工程、数学教育改革。美国在奥巴马、特朗普时期曾先后推出“STEM教育五年规划”,     

论STEM教育何以特殊

STEM教育是过几年就冷下去的教改运动吗？不是。但是,作为聚焦国民科技创新素养培养的STEM教育,如果离开了自身的专业化和现代化,将无法生存和成熟。成熟的STEM教育需要具备四个外部特征——问题解决、创中学、设计制造和协作探究,以及两个内部特征——S.T.E.M.知识真实的整合性的应用和科学精神的熏陶与强化。这种STEM教育会是一种全新的教育实践,它需要零起点开发的,数字化、标准化和结构化的,包含教学详案的课程产品,需要“用教学过程说明自身”的教学评价方式,需要专业化的人力资源配置,需要全新的教育产业链。在理论上,STEM教育并不需要旧教育学（Pedagogy）,它需要的是新教育学（Educology）。在新教育学的引领下,当下的STEM教育运动是一场教育现代升级转型的机会。