眼动追踪技术在国外信息行为研究中的应用

本研究采取内容分析法对国外信息行为领域2003-2018年发表的62篇应用眼动追踪技术的实证型文章进行分析。根据文献的内容特征,构建了包括眼动仪类型、眼动仪品牌、实验设计、辅助数据采集方法、数据分析这5个一级类目的内容分析编码表,基于此对文献进行编码及统计分析。本研究发现:①眼动追踪技术在国外信息行为研究中主要用于探讨用户搜索行为、阅读行为及购买行为等主题;②眼动设备和实验环境选择存在局限性;③研究方法多元化,定性研究与定量研究结合;④在目前的信息行为领域研究中,注视类指标和扫视类指标是最普遍被采用的眼动测量指标;⑤结合眼动追踪技术研究移动设备的用户信息行为成为趋势;⑥眼动情况的可视化视图作为简洁明了的信息展现方式,有利于强化研究人员的分析和增强读者的理解,将成为未来研究的趋势。经过十多年的发展,眼动追踪技术在信息行为领域被应用得越来越多,本研究通过内容分析揭示国外该领域采用眼动追踪技术的研究的特点,为信息行为的研究提供借鉴。     

Web2．0环境中的学术信息检索行为

用户在Web2.0交互式环境中,以非线性、非单一、非大众的方式搜索信息。基于LISA文献和C.C.Kuhlthau的信息检索行为模型,本文设计了一项对中科院研究生院的研究生在Web2.0环境中的学术信息检索的问卷调查。这项使用信息检索行为模型的实证研究产生了16项优化与4个应用途径的建议。     

协同搜索与独立搜索的行为与体验的比较研究

[目的/意义]探究在协同与独立模式下完成信息搜索任务的过程中,用户在搜索体验、交互行为方面的差异,试图通过对比研究来理解协同信息搜索行为的特点,为协同搜索系统的设计提供借鉴。[方法/过程]基于图书交互式检索平台（CLEF-Social Book Search）进行实验,共招募16名独立被试和18名协同被试到实验室完成多种类型的书目搜索任务,对搜索前后问卷记录的搜索体验以及后台服务器记录的搜索过程交互行为进行对比分析。[结果/结论]搜索体验方面,协同搜索被试比独立搜索被试对实验系统的功能评价更好,对系统的美感、耐用性、新颖度评价更高,参与实验的专注度更高,但却感到更加费力;搜索行为方面,相比独立模式下的被试,协同模式下的被试在目标型任务中进行更多次决策,尤其是删除书目的决策,意味着协同搜索被试在搜索后期会进行更多的决策讨论和整理;在探索任务中,协同被试比独立被试的平均决策时间和首次决策时间都更长,可能是由于在探索任务中协同被试的参与度更高、讨论更多。     

探索式搜索行为的眼动研究

采用眼动探测的实验方法研究网络用户探索式搜索行为的特点。实验综合运用眼动记录、问卷调查与访谈法,设计一个事实型（提问-应答式）搜索任务和两个复杂程度不同的探索式搜索任务,并根据被试检索能力分两组进行实验。对实验中搜索、链接、关闭等搜索行为,基于任务及兴趣区的眼动指标进行组间与任务间差异性比较,结果表明任务类型与搜索能力均对探索式搜索行为产生不同程度的影响。     

以用户搜索行为为导向的检索课教学T检验分析及效果评价

C.C.Kuhlthau以建构主义理论为基础提出了著名的信息搜索六步骤(被称作Kuhlthau模式信息搜索行为模型)。文章基于Kuhlthau搜索行为模型,设计出了以用户搜索行为为导向的信息检索课教学模式,并付诸教学实践;根据设计实施的检索课教学实践中收集的数据和信息,利用SPSS统计软件对以用户搜索行为为导向的信息检索课教学的实施效果进行配对样本T检验分析和评价。     

眼动追踪实验法在信息行为领域的应用研究

在综合Wilson信息行为模型和信息旅程模型基础上构建研究框架,依次从确定需求阶段、搜寻信息阶段、判断和解释信息阶段、利用信息阶段系统展现最近十年眼动追踪实验法在信息行为领域的应用全景,提出眼动追踪实验法在研究弱势人群的信息行为、用户被动注视和被动搜索行为、信息回避行为等方面具有方法上的优势,在分析现有研究不足的基础上提出需要扩展眼动追踪实验法的应用领域,规范指标参数的选取并充分挖掘可供使用的指标参数,设计精良的实验最大限度排除非相关因素的干扰等若干研究建议,为推动眼动追踪实验法在信息行为领域的应用提供参考和启示。     

国外协同信息检索行为研究述评

本文以国外期刊发表的协同信息检索行为研究文献为对象,采用综合归纳方法,分析协同信息检索行为研究的进展。研究发现:协同信息检索行为研究主要从理论研究走向应用实践研究;其研究主题呈现一定规律性;研究方法主要采用定量和定性相结合的方法。但协同信息检索行为研究还存在一些问题,其未来发展趋势包括:开展跨学科研究和学科间的合作;通过用户模型形式化地揭示从个人信息检索到协同信息检索的诱发因素;探究影响用户协同信息检索的原因;开发协同检索技术与协同检索系统等。     

2006-2007年国外用户信息检索行为研究述评

2006-2007年国外基于用户信息检索行为的研究,在信息检索行为理论方面主要集中在信息检索行为模型、基于认知学的用户信息检索行为、用户特征与信息检索行为之间的关系3个方面;在基于特定人群行为方面的研究,主要包括性别、年龄、学科、组织团体、职业5个类别;对行为影响因素的研究,主要包括外部因素和内部因素。研究特点:研究主题丰富;医学是用户信息检索行为研究最热门的学科。研究的不足:部分研究的实验样本规模过小、分析方法单一;用户信息检索行为与改善信息检索技术结合较少。     

数字图书信息界面布局影响老年人信息检索交互绩效的眼动实证研究

随着越来越多的老年人开始接受并使用数字图书ＡＰＰ，界面设计质量的重要性日益凸显。界面布局的秩序、美感、逻辑会严重影响用户信息检索绩效和用户体验，对老年人的影响尤为严重。本研究旨在探索界面布局的视觉美学效果对老年读者信息检索绩效的影响机制，采用眼动追踪技术，改变界面布局设计，采集检索行为绩效、注视时间比例、老年人主观感受等主客观数据，考察界面布局对老年人数字信息检索绩效和检索体验的影响。结果发现：（１） 检索结果界面呈现图文信息能延长老年人的信息检索时间，文本信息有助于缩短信息检索时间；（２） 对信息界面的主观评价显示，老年人偏好有图界面，且偏好右图布局；（３）眼动分析结果显示，右图布局更吸引老年人注意，注视时间比率和注视点比率显著高于左图布局。本研究的结论有助于理解老年人信息检索行为特点，对数字图书信息检索界面设计具有实践指导意义。图２。表５。参考文献４１。     

交互式跨语言信息检索中用户行为研究

交互式跨语言信息检索是信息检索的一个重要分支。在分析交互式跨语言信息检索过程、评价指标、用户行为进展等理论研究基础上,设计一个让用户参与跨语言信息检索全过程的用户检索实验。实验结果表明:用户检索词主要来自检索主题的标题;用户判断文档相关性的准确率较高;目标语言文档全文、译文摘要、译文全文都是用户认可的判断依据;翻译优化方法以及翻译优化与查询扩展的结合方法在用户交互环境下非常有效;用户对于反馈后的翻译仍然愿意做进一步选择;用户对于与跨语言信息检索系统进行交互是有需求并认可的。用户行为分析有助于指导交互式跨语言信息检索系统的设计与实践。     

Periodicals of Ethnic Minorities in Poland

ABSTRACT

The article examines the most important periodicals of ethnic minorities in Poland. After 1989, many ethnic groups (e.g., Germans and Romanies) were allowed to publish journals and newspapers for the first time since the end of World War II. The publications examined show the rich cultural life of the various ethnic groups as well as their current status in Poland. In addition to popular titles, some scholarly publications are also discussed.     

Reference Question Answered: Bibliographic Sources for the Ukrainian Periodical Press in the 1840s: Encyclopedias,Bibliographies, Guides,and Library Catalogs

The author answers a reference question on bibliographic sources for the Ukrainian periodical press 1840–1850. Helpful publications include bibliographies, guides, and library catalogs. These potentially make mention of revolutionary developments in Hungary (such as the Twelve Points paragraph of the Demands of the Hungarian Nation in March 1848, the subsequent April Laws, and Hungary's declaration of independence in April 1949), and elsewhere in the Hapsburg Empire.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.     

基于共链网络分析的国内电子商务网站竞争力探析

指出共链分析已在商务网站评价、竞争情报分析、商业信息挖掘等领域有广泛应用。综合运用共链分析与社会网络分析的方法,对国内市场份额排名前50位的电子商务网站的企业竞争态势与竞争关系及地位进行综合分析,并对企业间潜在竞争关系挖掘进行初步探索,以期能对竞争情报方法论研究和国内电子商务市场的发展提供一定的启示和参考。研究发现,共链网络中节点的程度中心性与企业实际的市场份额之间存在显著的相关关系,且竞争关系多存在于不同组织下业务类型相似的企业实体,而有些互补服务的企业之间则是合作关系的存在,这一发现或许能为未来电子商务市场发展战略规划与制定提供一定的指导和帮助。