符号动力系统中移位映射的熵

证明了符号动力系统的拓扑熵．并将符号动力系统与概率测度空间结合起来,再结合有关定义得出了Bernoulli移位映射和Markov移位映射的熵的表达式,还得出了二周期分段函数的熵,且让普通的移位映射的熵的结果成为二周期分段函数熵的一个特殊情况．     

市场经济与人的发展若干问题刍议

文章对与市场经济和人的发展有关的几个观点作了评析，认为市场经济与人的发展之间的关系，是一种双向作用与互动的关系；在市场经济条件下，人的发展不可能是全面的；个人既作为目的而存在，又作为手段而存在，是目的与手段的辩证统一；个人能力的发展不是人们追求的目的，而是人们追求利益的手段。     

汉语名词性短语中的名词移位与名词短语移位

最新的生成语法观点认为语言中的移位包括中心语移位和短语移位两类，前者是受词缀的诱发，而后者是受语义因素的诱发。本文重在讨论名词性短语内部的这两种移位，即名词移位与名词短语移位，认为前者的动因与“们”有关，而后者与语义有关。     

递归生成加权移位算子正的二次亚正规性

Curto-Fialkow讨论了由三个权序列递归生成的加权移位算子的正的二次亚正规性,给出了算子是正的二次亚正规的一个充要条件。在此基础之上,讨论了由五个权序列递归生成的加权移位算子正的二次亚正规性。     

移位寄存器的向量值表示

给出了移位寄存器序列的向量值表示，讨论了有关性质，得到了线性移位寄存器前馈序列与反馈序列之间的一个关系式。     

试论古汉语词汇的临摹性

自索绪尔以来，“符号是任意的”这一观点被视为语言学的经典性结论；功能主义的兴起使这一结论受到挑战，它认为语言具有临摹性。目前，功能主义仅用临摹性来解释句法结构，本文试图在此基础上进一步将探视的触角伸向词汇层面，认为古汉语词汇具有三种临摹性特征：其一，符号通过摹拟自然声音来表达对象；其二，符号通过词根来摹拟对象；其三，符号通过发音的口型来摹拟对象。符号的临摹性是使符号产生社会性，得以进行社会交流的重要途径。     

也谈马克思主义哲学首要的基本观点——兼与黄楠森先生商榷

对于“实践观点是马克思主义哲学首要的基本观点”这一命题，黄楠森先生提出了不同的看法。但实践观点是马克思主义哲学首要的基本观点，主要论据有：一、科学的实践观是马克思、恩格斯最终与旧唯物主义划清界限而创立马克思主义哲学的理论标志，对马克思主义哲学体系的创立和建构具有决定性意义；二、实践观点虽然不是对哲学基本问题第一方面的回答，但马克思主义哲学对于哲学基本问题第二方面的回答，却正是以科学的实践观点为基础的；三、并非来自实践的科学包括自然科学都是以实践的观点为其首要观点的．但在这方面马克思主义哲学与自然科学有一个重大的区别，即马克思主义哲学是自觉地、明确地、公开地申明和强调实践观点对于其自身的形成和建构是具有决定性意义的。     

关于人学研究的一些思考

本文是对当前理论界人学研究的反思，共三个部分。第一部分揭示了近年来人学“热”的理论与实践缘由；第二部分介绍并论述了西方“消解人的主体性”的观点和对我们的启示；第三部分指出建构人学理论的可能性和方法论原则     

论高等教育规模扩张与经济发展的波动关系——兼考“反经济周期”发展观点

针对高等教育“反经济周期”的发展观点，本文分析50年来中国高等教育规模扩张与经济发展波动的关系及原因；考证了近百年来美、日、德三国高等教育规模与经济波动的关系；同时澄清了有关德国学者的“反周期”研究结论的传闻，并揭示了高等教育规模扩张的波动周期与经济波动周期基本一致的特征。     

试论古汉语词汇的临摹性

自索绪尔以来，“符号是任意的”这一观点被视为语言学的经典性结论；功能主义的兴起使这一结论受到挑战．它认为语言具有临摹性。目前，功能主义仅用临摹性来解释句法结构．本试图在此基础上进一步将探视的触角伸向词汇层面．认为古汉语词汇具有三种临摹性特征：其一，符号通过摹拟自然声音来表选对象；其二，符号通过词根来摹拟对象；其三，符号通过发音的口型来摹拟对象．符号的临摹性是使符号产生社会性，得以进行社会交流的重要途径。     

Effects of prior response-contingent reinforcement on superstitious behavior

Three pigeons were exposed to fixed-time (FT) 15 sec, fixed-interval (FI) 15 sec for performing an arbitrary response, a reversal back to FT 15 sec, and then extinction (no reinforcement). During each phase, a computer-controlled tracking system continuously recorded the position of the bird’s head as it moved freely in the experimental chamber. During the first exposure to FT 15 sec, all 3 birds developed a pattern of feeder-wall-directed behavior with occasional circular excursions from the feeder immediately following reinforcement. During FI 15 sec, all birds performed the arbitrary operant, which consisted of contacting a virtual target sphere near the rear of the chamber, and did not engage in feeder-wall-directed behavior. During the reversal back to FT 15 sec, the birds developed a behavior sequence consisting of moving in the direction of the target sphere after reinforcement, followed by feeder-wall-directed behavior prior to the next reinforcement. During extinction, either moves toward the target sphere or wall-directed behavior occurred separately, interspersed with reappearance of the two as a sequence, followed by cessation of both members of the behavior sequence. These findings indicate that prior reinforcement of an arbitrary response can affect the location and form of superstitious behavior that develops near the beginning of the interreinforcement interval, but that other factors (e.g., immediacy of reinforcement) affect the location and form of the behavior near the end of the interval. The findings can be interpreted in the context of superstitious chaining.     

“前/后”隐喻映射的对称与不对称分析

时间是空间隐喻的结果,空间的位移性和顺序性投射在时间上表现为序列性和方向性。＂前/后＂是既可以表示空间意义也可以表示时间意义的一对语素。＂前/后＂有两种认知模式：强调时间的序列性时＂,前＂表过去,＂后＂表将来;强调时间的方向性时,＂前＂表将来＂,后＂表过去。     

论大学生思想政治教育价值发展的当代趋向

大学生思想政治教育作为一项特殊的社会实践活动,以其特有的价值维系自身的存在与发展。大学生思想政治教育不仅有价值,而且价值不断发展。当代大学生思想政治教育价值发展呈现出个体价值由工具性向目的性发展、集体价值由一元向多元发展、社会价值由片面向全面发展等基本趋向。把握大学生思想政治教育价值发展的当代趋向,是加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的实践要求。     

高校哲学社会科学研究成果转化的障碍及对策

高校是我国哲学社科研究成果的主要阵地 ,加速其成果的转化 ,有重要的现实意义。然而 ,我国高校现在的哲学社会科学研究普遍存在转化率低的现象。导致高校哲学社会科学研究成果转化率低的主要障碍是成果转化意识淡薄 ,转化管理力度不强 ,转化渠道不畅 ,转化机制不完善 ,社会需求不迫切 ,吸纳意识不强。要提高转化率 ,必须明确成果转化的地位与作用 ;加大投入力度 ,建立畅通成果转化渠道 ;引入市场机制 ,建立健全成果转化机制 ;理顺成果转化环节 ,建立知识产权保护制度     

Teaching and learning floating and sinking: A meta-analysis

Floating and sinking (FS) is a key topic in science education, both at primary and secondary levels. The interpretation of FS phenomena, however, is challenging due to the difficulty of the scientific concepts and explanatory models involved (e.g., density, buoyancy), along with students' everyday experiences, which conflict with scientific explanations. Consequently, many studies over the last few decades have investigated how FS could be taught effectively to students of different ages while utilizing multiple teaching approaches. This meta-analysis summarizes findings from 69 intervention studies on teaching FS conducted between 1977 and 2021. Over all studies, we estimated a mean effect size of g = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.71, 0.99). This large effect size demonstrates that, although FS is a challenging concept, teaching FS is effective even in elementary school. Moreover, in a moderator analysis, we investigate the effect of intervention characteristics, students' age, as well as study design, and assessment features on the mean study effect size. To analyze the effect of these moderator variables, we use a three-level hierarchical meta-regression model for dealing with multiple effect sizes from single studies. We found two intervention characteristics that explain variance in study effect sizes: longer lasting interventions result in larger effect sizes and interventions where hands-on experiments are applied are more effective than those utilizing virtual experiments. Furthermore, studies with a treatment-control group comparison have significantly smaller effect sizes than studies with a pre-post design. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the moderator variables for effective teaching of FS and further research on FS.     

Effects of intertrial interval and exteroceptive feedback duration on discriminative avoidance acquisition in the gerbil

A series of studies of shuttlebox-avoidance learning in the gerbil evaluated the efficacy of an exteroceptive feedback stimulus (FS). Experiment 1 assessed the relative effectiveness of a FS at 30- and 90-sec intertriai intervals (ITIs), and found that the FS and warning signal termination contingencies were additive sources of avoidance reinforcement; i.e., they produced “supernormal acquisition” at the short ITI, but not at the 90-sec ITI. The effectiveness of a FS at the 30-sec ITI was further explored in Experiments 2 and 3, in which FS duration was varied in delayed and trace avoidance conditioning, respectively. In both studies, a FS facilitated acquisition but FS duration was not a critical determinant of performance. These results were interpreted in terms of an expectancy account of the informational value of a FS, and the problem of experimentally distinguishing between cognitive and inhibition-of-fear accounts of avoidance learning was discussed.     

New Diamond Block Based Gradient Descent Search Algorithm for Motion Estimation in the MPEG-4 Encoder

Motion estimation is an important part of the MPEG-4 encoder, due to its significant impact on the bit rate and the output quality of the encoder sequence. Unfortunately this feature takes a significant part of the encoding time especially when the straightforward full search(FS) algorithm is used. In this paper, a new algo-rithm named diamond block based gradient descent search (DBBGDS) algorithm, which is significantly faster than FS and gives similar quality of the output sequence, is proposed. At the same time, some other algo-rithms, such as three step search (TSS), improved three step search (ITSS), new three step search (NTSS),four step search (4SS) , cellular search (CS) , diamond search (DS) and block based gradient descent search (BBGDS) , are adopted and compared with DBBGDS. As the experimental results show, DBBGDS has its own advantages. Although DS has been adopted by the MPEG-4 VM, its output sequence quality is worse than that of the proposed algorithm while its complexity is similar to the proposed one. Compared with BBGDS, the proposed algorithm can achieve a better output quality.     

新时期高校统战宣传工作探析

统战宣传工作是党的统一战线工作的重要内容,文章就统一战线宣传工作的重要性、统战宣传工作应坚持的原则、统战宣传工作的具体做法展开论述,力求通过加强统战宣传工作,推动统战工作再上新台阶.     

试析句子阅读中的分词加工——含“交集歧义”语段的非歧义句二语习得实验研究

文章以汉语中一个特殊的语言现象——含“交集歧义”语段的非歧义句作为切入口，考察了分词加工在留学生句子阅读过程中不同的理解。文章指出，留学生主要靠词语的熟悉度以及与心理词汇的匹配程度来激活句子的分词加工；语段前的提示信息对分词的启动效应不明显；合词连写对句子理解的干扰性很大，是理解错误的主要原因。因此，适当增加分词连写的材料，有助于留学生理解句子，同时巩固和建构词的结构和界限，为阅读合词连写材料打下基础。     

党的领导集体的阶级阶层观与统一战线建设

统一战线是我国革命和建设取得胜利的法宝,党的历代领导集体都十分重视统一战线的建设。通过分析领导集体的阶级阶层观,揭示他们的阶级阶层观对于壮大社会主义建设的同盟、扩大统一战线的范围起到了积极的作用,从而为中国革命的胜利和中华民族的伟大复兴增添新力量。