文献资源共建共享与CALIS

笔者作为CALIS三期近15年建设的参与者,分析了文献信息资源共享的难度,给出YCALIS项目建设的初衷、形成的效益以及CALIS的成功之处,同时也指出YCALLS临的困难。     

Vision and Vulnerability: Thoughts on Leadership and Conservation

ABSTRACT

Testimony from colleagues in the cultural sector suggests that there is a common perception of leaders as authoritarian, infallible and invulnerable. However, developing leaders soon come to understand that good leaders often have an authenticity of their own. Being able to embrace authentic leadership in this way requires confidence. It involves accepting vulnerabilities, learning to be comfortable making decisions without all the information, and daring to risk potential failure as the best way to encourage creativity, innovation and learning. Given this dichotomy, is there a potential for the development of leadership in conservation? This paper explores the unique challenges we face as conservators in a changing sector. In it, I reconnect with professional experiences of my own and those I gained as the first conservation fellow on the Clore Leadership Programme as well as examining testimony from others in the profession and the wider cultural sector. The ideas generated are supported by literature from a variety of sources inside and outside the conservation field. Starting from what draws people to conservation in the very beginning and working through to the leadership of the profession, the paper identifies four main areas of challenge for conservation in a twenty-first-century creative economy. These are around a lack of diversity, a lack of confidence, the strength of voice and perception and issues around support, for our decision-making and for the profession as a whole. The paper concludes that a new vision for the future of conservation could not only help rebalance the diverging preventive and remedial specialisms but also be instrumental in the perception, interpretation and preservation of cultural heritage. If we expand our horizons, the bigger picture of heritage and what it can achieve for the society could be crucial to us not only changing but thriving in the modern world.     

Archiving for self-ascertainment, identity-building and permanent self-questioning: archives between scepticism and certitude

Archives are facing many challenges as information overload and increasing societal diversity. These two trends ask for decided measures, one in terms of selection and the other in terms of expanded information preservation to document all societal groups appropriately. These opposing trends force archivists to rethink permanently their appraisal politics and their functional orientation. Basic archival functions have to be aligned on one hand with services for an organisation related to democratic standards as accountability and transparency and on the other hand with a memory politics aiming at an extensive documentation of the enormous societal diversity by preserving the (cultural) patrimony of all groups to facilitate their identity-building. By looking back in our institutional history and comparing the Swiss and the Canadian approach in appraisal as well as the larger political context of documenting, we aim to show that a clear functional orientation, a transparent and participatory process of selection, a cooperative approach in fulfilling existing challenges and duties as well as a sound understanding of our institutional past help to make the necessary choices. It is important to stress, firstly, that archives as multifunctional institutions serve the principles of democracy and support the rule of law, and secondly, that by selecting documents for preservation and by reducing the mass of information, we nonetheless will preserve an abundant documentary heritage, which will not only serve to stabilize societal (or communitarian) identity but it will still serve as a reservoir feeding essential scepticism as an engine for progress.     

谈CALIS及其推广应用

介绍了中国高等教育文献保障体系CALIS的简明情况和基本特点，提出CALIS的推广应用既有可能，又有必要，对建立全国文献资源保障体系提出了初步的设想。     

King Demos and His Laureate

This article uses online archives of digitized American and British newspapers to examine the importance of newspaper publication to Rudyard Kipling. Taking ‘The White Man's Burden’ as its particular example, this article recovers the history of that poem's publication and initial reception. That history revises both the poem's date and place of first publication, from Britain to America. In the process, Kipling emerges as a more transatlantic poet than was previously thought, and as a figure who is more influential in America. He is seen to have a sophisticated understanding of the demands and nature of newsprint, of newspapers as a literary and poetic medium, and of newspaper poetry as a journalistic genre. Many agencies and interested parties are seen to be involved in the poem's publication, and the nature of its cultural success offers further evidence for a transatlantic press history.     

Model Licenses and License Templates: Present and Future

This presentation reviewed the standard model licenses that are available, including models such as LicensingModels.org and LibLicense, plus institution-specific licenses available online. The licenses’ strengths and weaknesses as templates were discussed. Best practices for creating a license template at one’s own institution were modeled, with standard language that one can use in negotiation. Problems and gaps in model licenses were raised, including formats or kinds of purchases that require new language that has not yet been standardized (such as e-books and streaming media). Suggestions for developing a new model license through community action were discussed.     

Cultural Studies and/of Economic Rights: Neglect and Promise

This article theorizes the historical non-relation between cultural studies and economic rights discourse, tracing it to ideal typical distinctions between economy and culture in early cultural studies; Karl Marx's influence on Left thought generally via his critique of bourgeois rights; and Foucauldian governmentalist treatments of rights as neoliberal technologies of control and treatments of economy as having no agency of its own but rather as an effect of governmentality. It then introduces a case-study conjunctural history of American economic rights as a history of present American citizenship and politics in order to demonstrate the historically contingent articulations of individual freedom, government, and economic relations, which are not easily explained by the Marxist or Foucauldian vocabularies. The conjunctural history provides cultural studies research with a new perspective for attention to radical democracy and critiques of neoliberal capitalist policies without surrendering the utility of rights to (neo)liberalism.     

信息的表征和测度方法及应用研究

关于信息的概念 ,目前有许多说法。本文根据据“信息是对事物属性的表征”这一观点出发 ,提出了一种信息表征和测度的方法以及相应的信息测度公式 ,并讨论了信息测度公式的性质和这种信息表征和测度方法在基于内容的图像检索系统中的应用。     

Metadata and Quality in Digital Repositories and Libraries from 1995 to 2015: A Literature Analysis and Classification

The purpose of this article is to study a broad set of journal papers related to metadata and quality in digital repositories and libraries, and to provide a quantitative analysis of the relevant research. It also aims at identifying open issues and future directions for research. A detailed search was carried out in relevant journals of information science, computer science, and library science; mainly, that allowed us to identify an extensive corpora of relevant work. The identified papers were classified based on an existing framework and a statistical analysis was carried out on the main classifications used within the framework. The analysis of the 702 papers identified, led to a series of statements for the field examined, focusing on the type of research carried out, the research methods deployed, and the research claims made. In addition, the papers were classified based on their target audiences, disciplines, as well as institutional and geographical origins. The article identifies areas in the literature that have not been addressed, as well as areas for future research. It also provides a clear image of the areas already researched, analyzing scientific literature that covers 20 years of repository/library deployment. This article makes an original contribution for researchers, practitioners, and managers of digital repositories and libraries alike as it provides a set of specific recommendations for the metadata and quality in digital repositories and libraries research agenda, along with a thorough analysis and classification of the research carried out so far.     

The Problems of Tertiary Publishing in Africa and Implications for Training and Education of Library and Information Professionals

Trainees in the library and information profession in Africa depend on textbooks that are written for an environment other than Africa because of the dearth of textbooks suited to the local environment. There are very few books that attempt to focus on Africa and none of these books can really be used as a basic text for teaching. This has greatly affected the training of library and information professionals in Africa as the trainees are exposed to the situations in Europe, America and Asia which are generally not relevant to the African environment. Several factors have been identified as responsible for the lack of African library and information science textbooks, including the relatively young age of the profession resulting in a low number of professionals in Africa that have the required expertise to write textbooks. The attitude of publishers to tertiary textbooks is another limiting factor, as they are not likely to make a profit given the small number of trainees in the continent. In short, publishers regard such a venture as non-profitable because of the limited market. Another problem is the lack of interest on the part of professional associations in the continent to promote the writing of textbooks. In order to ameliorate these problems, it is recommended that professionals in the continent should participate in team authorship, by drawing from a pool of expertise, with a view to writing relevant textbooks. Also, there is a need for professional associations and the relevant international agencies to promote the publishing of textbooks. Finally, there is a need for retired information professionals in the continent to form a consortium of marketing outfits for the purpose of marketing and distributing textbooks on the African library and information profession throughout Africa.     

The Current Budget Environment and Its Impact on Libraries,Publishers and Vendors

ABSTRACT

The economic downturn and continuing budget concerns have libraries, publishers, and vendors making strategic changes as they seek to provide a high-level of services at a time when uncertainty continues to dominate planning and development. Creative thinking has become the norm as organizations seek to challenge long-held views and uncover and implement needed changes. Librarians, publishers, and vendors have all experienced a period of assessment, strategic review, and reaction as a result of the continued evolution from a print-based model to one dominated by electronic dissemination of scholarly information and the new role eBooks promise to play. This article addresses some of the important actions taken by librarians, publishers and vendors to cope with changes forced by both the economy and budget pressures, by the continued migration of scholarly resources to electronic formats, and by current and planned eBook activities and new eBooks models. It explores patterns in library content selection and spending trends, publisher prices and pricing models, as well as vendor strategies and challenges.     

Conceptualizing and Measuring How Employees and Organizations Manage Uncertainty

The study of uncertainty is central to an understanding of organizational communication. This research investigates the organizational work climates that emerge from the way employees manage uncertainty as well as the way they perceive their organization manages uncertainty. The uncertainty management matrix (UMM) is presented as a conceptual framework, followed by three scale development studies. The article concludes with a variety of research questions to direct future communication research.     

中英文句法分析系统及验证平台的设计与实现*

针对改善句法分析整体性能的需求,从可视化编辑学习的规则和词典、树形显示和操作句法分析结果两方面入手,提出并构建一个中英文句法分析系统及验证平台。对平台的设计思想、具体实现和关键技术进行详细的介绍,指出存在的问题和改善的方法。     

参考文献引用和著录的准确性原则及编审要点

针对准确引用和著录参考文献的重要性易被忽视的现状,对准确性原则的内涵进行解析,并阐明参考文献引用和著录的准确性原则与公开性、原始性、必要性、适当性、新颖性、代表性、标准化原则以及匿引、转引、崇引、滥引、诱引、曲引等不当引用行为的关系,认为编审稿件时应秉持严谨的作风,认真比对被引知识点与文后参考文献表中对应文献的关系,准确引用,按被引文献的原貌进行著录。     

Evolution and adoption of contributor role ontologies and taxonomies

Contributor Role Ontologies and Taxonomies (CROTs) are standard vocabularies to describe individual contributions to a scholarly project or research output. Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) is one of the most widely used CROTs, and has been adopted by numerous journals to describe author's contributions, and recently formalized as a ANSI/NISO standard. Despite these developments, there is still much work left to be done to improve how CROTs are used across different research domains, research output types, and scholarly workflows. In this paper, we describe how CROTs could be extended to include roles from various disciplines in an ethical and inclusive manner. We explore potential approaches to apply CROTs to diverse research objects and various disciplines; as well as envision their integration into various scholarly workflows, such as promotion and tenure in academic institutions. Lastly, we discuss potential mechanisms for wide adoption and use. While acknowledging that improving current systems of attribution is a slow and iterative process, we believe that engaging the community in the evolution of CROTs will ultimately enhance the ethical attribution of credit and responsibilities in scholarly publications.     

科技支撑发展 创新引领未来——江苏省档案科技创新工作亮点

文章从江苏省档案科技创新工作的角度,用案例的形式介绍了近几年来档案科技对全省档案工作的推动,以及创新对档案工作的支撑和引领作用。     

纯网络期刊评价指标、工具及其体系构建

描述了纯网络电子期刊的概念及特点,介绍了网络电子期刊定量评价指标和国内外的权威期刊评价工具,对未来纯网络期刊评价体系进行了预测。     

Copyright Information Management and the University Library: Staffing,Organizational Placement and Authority

Copyright plays a central role in numerous activities within higher education, and educating a university community about copyright law should be a priority, if only to protect the institution from lawsuits. But, based upon a literature review, institutions devote a more resources to other intellectual property activities – plagiarism detection, technology transfer and illegal file sharing management – than for general copyright education activities. Utilizing Mintzberg's organizational model and its discussion of organizational placement and legitimacy as a conceptual framework, this study explores the current copyright education structures among the universities that comprise the Consortium on Institutional Cooperation, otherwise known as the CIC or the Big Ten, to determine whether organizational placement, credentials of individuals, and resources devoted to this activity affect the legitimacy of the office and the authority of copyright officers to fulfill their responsibilities. The results of this study suggest that organizational placement, while it plays a role, is not nearly as important as the credentials of the individual in the position in conveying legitimacy.     

国内外学位论文再出版的政策研究及启示

博、硕士学位论文具有重要的学术价值,而国内外学术界和出版界对于学位论文内容的再出版问题持有不同的观点。通过调研国内外学术界和出版界发现,国外绝大多数高校和出版机构认为学位论文并不算作先前出版物,基于学位论文内容再出版的稿件能否被接受,关键在于稿件的质量,另外,根据不同出版机构及受众特点对学位论文进行修改是非常必要的。国内相关研究尚待深入,多数研究人员和期刊编辑认为,学位论文因学术价值的特殊性,其析出内容的再出版应得到更加理性和全面的分析。面对纷繁乱象,建议我国有关部门应尽快出台相关规定,出版机构阐明学位论文与先前出版物的关系,以及对于学位论文析出内容再出版的要求,以适应网络出版日益普及的新形势。     

国外图书馆个性化特色服务体系现状对我国的启示

本文结合国内外各种图书馆建设经验,介绍了图书馆个性化特色服务建设中涉及的儿童阅读服务型、特殊群体服务型、个性化服务型。同时,也阐述了图书馆全方位的参考服务的策略以及创造典雅、舒适、便利的读书环境等六项基本内容,进一步给读者提供更新更好的服务体系,为国内个性化特色图书馆建设、为图书馆事业可持续发展提供重要依据。