eParticipation research: Systematizing the field

It has been widely acknowledged recently that the research field of eParticipation suffers from lack of comprehensive theoretical contributions, insufficient depth, and inconsistency in definitions of central concepts. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field researchers find it difficult to consolidate their theoretical groundwork and further theory building in the eParticipation domain. This paper reports a literature study of conceptual publications on the subject of eParticipation/eDemocracy in the time frame of 2007–2009. Its objectives are to track recent theoretical development in the field, to reveal constraints and limitations to researching the area, and to offer some suggestions for further inquiry. The results show that most theories currently used in conceptual eParticipation research originate from the fields of Political Science and Media and Communication Studies. But together with this, contemporary eParticipation authors contribute to strengthening the field with some “in-house” models and frameworks as well. Central problems with eParticipation research concern immaturity of the field, topical gaps, and biased assumptions. The review shows that the themes of recent publications can be grouped into three major categories: stakeholders, environment, and applications and tools. It also finds some interconnections between these categories; however, in general the coupling technology–stakeholders–(participatory) environments is weak.     

The Gown Must Go To Town

This article reviews the “The Gown Must Go to Town” exhibition staged in the Museum of Science and Technology, Accra, highlighting its theme as well as the Afrocentric philosophical messaging of the exhibits. Centered on the dynamism of the city, the exhibits carried conceptual information tailored to comment on the disastrous environmental consequences of the twenty‐first century inventive technological hardware, fibers, and plastic waste (and its mismanagement) that plagues the city. It made powerful visual statements, in an artistic way, of how to control these problems. However, I argue that because of the limitations placed on Ghana, Ghanaian art should pay more focused attention on industrial art instead of conceptual art. This review by no means brands conceptual art as inferior to industrialized art, but it maintains that it is through a focus on industrial art that the nation could meet its own functional and decorative needs, and cease doing so by extensive importation. This argument is based on the fact that conceptual art took its root from Africa in a non‐academic format that has long been practiced in the continent for centuries, and therefore not an emergent art in the African artistic milieu—as it is perceived to be.     

The World Data System for universal and equitable access to scientific data

This paper reviews the World Data System (WDS), which is a multidisciplinary structure of the International Council for Science. This system is intended to support a coordinated global approach to scientific data and information. It operates as a set of portals that are connected to a common database of metadata, which contains the details about information resources of organizations that are part of the WDS. The activities of the International Council for Science, which is the oldest international organization in the field of science and initiates, develops, and coordinates joint initiatives, such as large-scale international interdisciplinary research programs, in collaboration with its sister organizations, are briefly described. This paper explores the participation of the Russian World Data Centers as integral parts of the WDS that are created and supported by the International Council for Science in the international cross-disciplinary effort of effective cooperation and coordination that are aimed at collecting, analyzing, storing, and managing scientific knowledge and at ensuring open and full access to such knowledge.     

Solar cells and nanotechnology: Bibliometric analysis of publications that are reflected in RZh Fizika VINITI RAN and the Web of Science database

Solar cells of the third generation (after the bulk and thin-film ones that are mainly based on inorganic semiconductors, mostly of silicon) use the leading technologies of the 21st century, including nanotechnologies based on nanomaterials, mainly based on nano-structured or ultrafine inorganic semiconductors, graphene, fullerenes, as well as polymers and low-molecular-weight organic semiconductors. This paper compares the results of an analysis of publications on solar cells, mainly nanostructured and nanoscale cells, that are reflected in the RZh Fizika VINITI RAN and included in the Web of Science database.     

国际图书情报领域研究的前沿主题及其演化趋势分析

[目的/意义] 揭示2009年以来国际图书情报领域研究前沿的主题结构及其演化规律,探测未来研究的前沿趋势,为相关研究者追踪前沿信息提供参考。[方法/过程] 以Web of Science为数据源,以2009-2016年5月发表在图书情报领域12种核心期刊的文献为研究对象,基于文献共被引分析方法,利用CiteSpaceⅢ软件工具,绘制2009-2016年5月国际图书情报领域研究前沿主题的知识图谱。[结果/结论] 2009年以来,国际图书情报领域形成了h指数、特征因子、文献计量知识图谱、科研绩效等十二大研究主题。其中,通过转折节点文献,派生出新的研究前沿,形成了h指数、语言模型、概念模型、科研绩效、替代计量学、信息情感等前沿主题,未来研究呈现多元化的发展趋势。     

A comparative analysis of methods for estimating informatization efficiency in regional economic systems

Informatization is shown to be important at the regional level and influence information needs. The system of regional informatization consists of three main subsystems, including information needs, information potential, and infrastructure, which are presented in the form of a conceptual model. The existing methods for estimating informatization efficiency are considered; a hierarchic model of the system of factors used to estimate the level of regional informatization is developed.     

A conceptual approach to secure electronic elections based on patterns

Electoral processes are complex and need to be secure, reliable, and auditable. It is then important to define ways to evaluate their functional completeness and correction as well as their security and reliability. Many solutions to specific aspects of voting have been proposed but we do not know of any holistic view of this process. We present a unified approach to elections based on a conceptual model built using software patterns. A set of analysis patterns describe the structure and management of an election. The patterns describe voter registration, ballot structure, election day management, voting process, and the complete election. A conceptual model is built from the analysis patterns and defines precisely the functional properties of such a system together with its security requirements. The conceptual model is defined using UML diagrams that can be extended or complemented with formal methods to make the system verifiable. We show how to continue to the design phase for this system. While the model will not apply exactly to all elections it can be used as a reference architecture for voting applications and to show explicitly the security considerations for these kind of events. It can also be used for existing elections to verify that they have the required security provisions. The model can also be used as a reference for researchers to integrate their solutions in the complete process.     

国内外数字人文研究主题比较分析

数字人文作为一个新兴的、跨学科的热门研究领域,其所涉及的研究内容、研究方法纷繁复杂,理清国内外主题发展态势,对数字人文的进一步发展具有重要指导意义。文章以数字人文的研究主题为切入点,基于Web of Science和CNKI数据库,通过构建共现矩阵、系统聚类分析、计算主题密度值和向心度值来绘制战略坐标图,揭示国内外数字人文主题发展态势,同时揭示了国内外数字人文研究主题的成熟领域、核心领域、新兴领域以及边缘领域,为我国数字人文研究的进一步发展提供借鉴。     

从国家科技进步奖获奖看我军医药卫生科技创新发展态势

目的：了解国家科技进步奖中军队医药卫生获奖情况。方法：利用类比法统计了2007-2012年我军医药卫生获取国家科技进步奖的情况。结果：2007-2012年我军医药卫生科技获得的国家科技进步奖的数量、等级和获奖率均呈上升趋势,获奖项目主要集中在公共卫生安全、疑难病症防治和新药研发这3个领域。结论：军队医药卫生领域科研队伍是国家科技创新体系的一支重要力量,临床与科研相结合成为我军医药卫生科技创新的一种重要模式,对公共卫生安全的科研项目应给予更大的政策和经费倾斜。     

文献计量学共引分析系统设计与开发

本文主要介绍运用VisualFoxPro5.0,利用文献计量法中同被引聚类分析、共词聚类分析和共篇聚类分析原理,设计文献计量共引分析系统,对来自SCI和MEDLINE光盘的文献实现由专题文献直接形成直观聚类图的过程。本系统主要包含以下模块同被引分析,共词分析,共篇分析,聚类,帮助。     

Publication activities of Russian organizations in the area of functional nanomaterials

A bibliometric study of publications on functional nanomaterials in Russia and worldwide is presented. The Scopus — abstracts database with analytical facilities (Elsevier, Netherlands) is used for defining the publication activity of Russian organizations. The ranking list of organizations with high publication activities is outlined. The departmental and regional productivity in the field of functional nanomaterials is explored.     

An Expert System for Determining Title Proper in Descriptive Cataloging

The human process of determining bibliographic data from title pages of monographs is complex, yet systematic. This paper investigates the intellectual process involved, in conceptual and logical levels, by proposing a model of the expert system for determining title proper as the first element of the first area in ISBD. It assumes that the title page of a monograph consists of more than one block of character or graphic representation. Each block has its physical and content characteristics and can be separated from other blocks by separators. Three categories of expert knowledge are identified, and the system model is discussed along with its individual system component. It applies the "list" concept for the system data structure and addresses the potentiality of this conceptual model.     

概念整合与幽默：探索新空间

言语幽默长期以来受到心理学家和语言学家的关注,然而从认知角度对言语幽默研究并不多。概念整合理论用于言语幽默阐释,推动了这一领域的发展,但是概念整合理论用于构建对幽默言语的认知模型仍有不足,这将是本文探讨的中心。     

Analysis of publications of the pilot issue of the data collection of the All-Russia Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Industry of Nanosystems and Nanomaterials”

The pilot issue of the data collection of the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Industry of Nanosystems and Nanomaterials” gives an approximate view of the state of this field of science at the beginning of 2007. The topics of articles in the pilot issue are analyzed. The directions of development of nanotechnologies are shown. The basic types of nanomaterials, the methods of their production, and their properties and applications are given.     

科技馆消防系统更新改造研究——以中国科技馆为例

本文归纳分析了科技馆消防系统的特点及问题,论证了科技馆消防系统更新改造的必要性,以中国科技馆为例,探讨其消防系统现状、消防系统更新改造的目标及具体举措,进一步分析了中国科技馆消防系统的运行及改造实例,为后续科技馆的安全管理研究提供参考借鉴。     

Service learning in the library and information science curriculum: The perspectives and experiences of one Multimedia/User Education class

This article provides a case study of a class project in Multimedia/User Education in the Library and Information Science program at the University of Iowa. The goals of the class were to develop multimedia skills, develop conceptual models for implementing multimedia in libraries, and develop a culture of collaborative teaching and learning within the group of students who were enrolled. The course used service learning pedagogy to achieve these ends. Students developed web sites for public libraries in Iowa that, in many cases, are used in those libraries. In this article, the instructor of the course describes the design of the class, and the students contribute their observations about the service learning experience.     

The Social and Historic Construction of Professional Values in Conservation

Summary

This paper discusses the social history of the emergence of conservation as a profession distinct from traditional restoration. It proposes that the development of conservation as a distinct field came about through the evolution of an existing area of practice, in a changing conceptual climate which increasingly acknowledged the necessity for, and the legitimacy of the scientific model. This paper considers the changes in societal values that led conservators to hold their present ethical principles, values and beliefs, focusing on two in particular: the importance of preserving the integrity of the object, and the belief that the best way to do this is through the application of science.     

Problems of information support of scientific innovation and industrial spheres: New conceptual approaches

The discrepancy between national information infrastructure capabilities and the present-day requirements of the new economic institutional environment is one of main causes of the gap between the significant volume of fundamental and applied innovation research results that have commercialization potential, and the actual abilities of our domestic industry to assimilate these results, which exists in Russia. The purpose of this article is to form at least a rough conceptual look at an effective information infrastructure for innovation and scientific and technical activities, which corresponds to the present-day requirements of the new economic institutional environment in Russia. To solve the problem of overcoming inertial trends in national information system development, new ideas and new conceptual approaches are required. The presented conceptual approaches are oriented toward solving the problems of modernization and the development of a qualitatively new structural and substantial organization of the national information system. Most of the critical phases of information support of the stages of technology transfer and the basic principles of information infrastructure development are shown. A brief enumeration of the set of key actions on the development of the information infrastructure of the scientific, technical, and industrial spheres is provided.