Institutional policies for open access to the results of scientific research

This paper describes the principles of all the known institutional policies for open access (OA) to the results of scientific research for research organizations, publishing companies, and funding agencies, in addition to which we suggest developing OA policies for libraries. The paper proposes a structural-logical scheme for an institutional OA policy system. We recommend invigorating the work of Post-Soviet organizations for their integration into the international OA movement at seven levels: global-ideological, regional (transnational)-ideological, national-ideological, national-political, institutional-political, national-technological, and institutional-technological.     

世界数据系统的体系框架及其数据门户初步应用

世界数据系统(WDS)是国际科学联合会(ICSU)的一个新的跨学科的科学团体,是在原世界数据中心(WDC)和国际天文和地球物理数据服务联合会(FAGS)的基础上,整合并纳入新的数据中心形成的.该系统于2008年经ICSU批准组建,即将于2011年正式启动.本文对WDS的体系框架进行分析,包括其组织架构、政策机制、功能体系.新的WDS数据门户已经开始设计和原型开发.基于OAI元数据收割协议,隶属于中国科学院的5个原WDC学科数据中心已经开展了与WDS数据门户的联网元数据检索,并初步实现了元数据互操作和资源共享应用.这在技术能力上,为我国加强与WDS的合作与交流创造了条件,为我国加强科学数据共享国际合作与交流提供了良好基础.     

跨机构科学数据的共享技术

以核酸序列数据共享为研究对象,探讨了跨机构科学数据共享的技术实现：在制定共享数据标准方面,需要在统一标准规范下留有灵活执行空间;在数据交换与同步方面,需要在机构联盟的共同约定下实行定期点对点数据共享与更新;在本地数据服务方面,需要在统一工作流程下兼顾本地应用需求,提供多样化数据服务,总结了机构联盟模式对跨机构数据共享的借鉴意义,为科学数据共享平台建设提供参考。     

Open access foreign scientific resources and the SciGuide navigator

This paper outlines the reasons that open access resources are required and the developmental patterns of open access models, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of open access information flows; it introduces a navigator that has been created as a tool for the use of open access resources. It also contains an analysis of statistical data about the use of this tool, including the results of surveys and interviews with the experts from one of the top research institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and presents the authors’ ideas about the role of libraries in the open access movement.     

面向数学图书馆的数据存储和管理系统

介绍层次化存储管理的概念,并结合当前实际提出了相应的技术实施途径.     

Open access to scientific knowledge: Its state,problems, and prospects of development

The concept of “open access” to scientific and teaching information has become one of the specific forms of the worldwide trend towards the formation of global interactive knowledge. This paper presents the basic information on open access (OA) to scientific and teaching information, its current status, financing options, problems and prospects of development, and the participation of Russia in this process.     

Provenance and credibility in scientific data repositories

Despite a long history of rich theoretical work on provenance, empirical research regarding users?? interactions with and judgments based upon provenance information in archives with scientific data is extremely limited. This article focuses on the relationship between provenance and credibility (i.e., trustworthiness and expertise) for scientists. Toward this end, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with seventeen proteomics researchers who interact with data from ProteomeCommons.org, a large online repository. To analyze the resulting interview data, the authors apply Brian Hilligoss and Soo Young Rieh??s empirically tested theoretical framework for user credibility assessment. Findings from this study suggest that together with other information provided in ProteomeCommons.org and subjects?? own experiences and prior knowledge, provenance allows users to determine the credibility of datasets. Implications of this study stress the importance of the archival perspective of provenance and archival bond for aiding scientists in their credibility assessments of data housed in scientific data repositories.     

数字资源远程访问技术及访问系统构建

列举了图书馆数字资源远程访问的主流技术及其优缺点,指出了图书馆应根据具体技术条件和用户情况采取相应的技术构建访问系统,介绍了解放军医学图书馆采用反向代理技术构建的数字资源远程访问系统。     

The hospital library: access to information for rural health professionals

This article examines some recent literature about the low physician-population ratios in rural areas. In an attempt to discover those factors which seem to preclude successful health care delivery in rural areas, it discusses a definition of the city as the place where the maximum lines of communication converge. A new concept, the "invisible city," is proposed, and the health care community in the United States is seen as an example. The library of the rural hospital, then, is defined as the location of the rural health professional's primary entrance into his own invisible city by means of professional communication through the biomedical literature.     

近代以来欧洲及世界体系的演变

近代以来在欧洲和世界相继形成了四个影响重大的国际关系体系.每次旧体系的打破与新体系的建立,都是通过战争来实现的.因此,对冷战之后我们所处的世界体系需要有新认识、新判断.     

Ontology-driven的数据融合系统研究

就如何构建 Ontology进行了讨论 ,论述了数据融合的基本理论和技术开发的方法。并就结合专家系统技术进行Ontology-driven数据融合系统的研究进行了阐述。     

The competitiveness of scientific research and measures to increase it

In this paper, the consideration of the problem of the competitiveness of scientific research as an independent scientific line in the context of the science of science, whose main methodological instruments could be the adapted economic concepts of competitiveness and clusters, as well as mathematical models of competitive interactions (including models described in the terms and equations of population dynamics) and the methods of scientometric analysis, is proposed. It is shown that solution of the problem of increasing the competitiveness of post-Soviet scientific research falls within the domains of information communication. In addition, the role of the international movement for public access to scientific knowledge in increasing the competitiveness of scientific research is considered.     

Lessons learned about access to government information after World War II can be applied after September 11

The cost of unrestricted dissemination of government information to Americans' safety and security has been a topic of heated debate since September 11, 2001. The risks of dissemination seem to have skyrocketed in this age of terrorist attacks. However, the United States faced similar risks after World War II, when the secret of the atom bomb required close protection. Congress can learn from the process that the U.S. government went through to pass the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 [Atomic Energy Act of 1946. Pub. L. No. 79-585, 60 Stat. 755] during a similar time of national stress and fear and work to pass laws regulating the dissemination of information to the public. In the absence of legislative guidance, agencies have been left to restrict information as they think is best, with inconsistent and disastrous results.     

Internet information-seeking and its relation to support for access to government records

Public access to government records is essential for democratic self-governance, and attitudes toward that right can facilitate or hinder public policy regarding transparency. As more people use the internet for gathering information about their governments and communities, it is unknown whether such online information-seeking is related to increased support for government transparency and the right to request public records. This paper applies a uses and gratification theory approach to examine internet information use and its relation to support for citizen and press access to government records. Three U.S. studies examined media-use correlates with support for government transparency: a paper questionnaire survey of college students (N = 614), an online survey (N = 1819), and a random-digit-dial telephone survey of randomly selected U.S. adults (N = 403). Analyses indicated varying results for television and newspaper use, but in all three datasets reliance on the internet for information was positively associated with support for access to public records. Implications for government transparency in a society increasingly reliant on the internet for information are discussed.     

图书管理系统数据仓库的设计和实现

结合数据仓库技术在图书馆的实际应用情况,重点分析图书馆信息系统数据仓库的需求规格和建模过程,主要涉及维表和事实表的建立等,最后介绍了数据仓库的开发过程。     

The data life cycle applied to our own data

Increased demand for data-driven decision making is driving the need for librarians to be facile with the data life cycle. This case study follows the migration of reference desk statistics from handwritten to digital format. This shift presented two opportunities: first, the availability of a nonsensitive data set to improve the librarians'' understanding of data-management and statistical analysis skills, and second, the use of analytics to directly inform staffing decisions and departmental strategic goals. By working through each step of the data life cycle, library faculty explored data gathering, storage, sharing, and analysis questions.     

开放存取期刊与专业图书馆的文献服务

文章从开放存取的概念出发,阐述了当前国内外OA期刊的发展状况,研究了专业研究机构的文献资源建设与服务,提出专业图书馆宣传利用OA的现实意义.