基于国际合著论文的中国学术贡献度研究

国际学术合作能够提高科研效率,推动知识创新,探讨国际合著论文中的国家贡献度,对反映国家领域影响力,提升国际合作态势具有重要意义.从数值和内容两个层面构建国际合著国家学术贡献度分析模型,以中国作为重点研究对象,以Web of Science为数据来源,通过构建国际合著网络,结合学术贡献度计算公式,分析近十年中国在Info...     

A universal metadata system for the characterization of nanomaterials

This paper presents a detailed analysis of a newly developed system for the identification of nanomaterials and nanostructures of an arbitrary nature. The system has been created as a result of the joint work of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) and the International Council for Science (ICSI). It is shown that at its core the developed system is an extended set of metadata that reflect the conceptual framework of a scientific discipline. Their features include a wide coverage of the sum of the properties and characteristics, as well as the possibility of adding new headings, i.e., support for the evolution of the conceptual scheme that meets the requirements of the subject field. Limitations in the possibilities of the representation of certain categories of nanomaterials, especially of macroscopic objects, are found. It is shown that it is possible to overcome them by the active use of existing ontologies in the field of materials science.     

科学数据中心数据与知识集成

文章回顾了国际上大型科学数据中心知识集成的现状,认为越来越多的科学数据中心认识到数据中心需要 集成更多的知识,以提高科学数据的可用性以及满足长时期数据存储的要求。传统的元数据结构在应对知识集成时面临 诸多挑战。中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心（西部数据中心）形成了从数据收集、规范化整理、数据集成挖掘到数据 服务的完整体系,集成了一批西部环境和生态研究的关键数据,在数据中心层次上集成多元知识作了有益的开拓性的工 作。文章还介绍了西部数据中心知识的表达形式,描述了以元数据为核心,数据文档和科学文献为补充的知识组织形 式,并介绍了西部数据中心开展的集成数据检索导航、模型数据集和在线模型服务等知识挖掘手段。     

国外科技计划项目数据汇交政策及对我国的启示

科技计划项目数据汇交政策是保证科学数据有序汇交的前提。在调研国外科技计划项目管理机构、学术期 刊机构、相关数据组织等三类机构的现有数据汇交政策,并对比美国自然科学基金会（NSF）与我国科技部国家重点基 础研究发展计划（973 计划）资源环境领域项目数据汇交的政策差异的基础上,指出国外科技计划项目数据汇交在数据 汇交政策制定、数据质量控制、数据产权保护、数据共享服务等6 个方面对我国的启示。     

Does the Federal government need an A-130 for STI?

The article argues that the Federal government needs to develop special government-wide policies, similar to OMB Circular No. A-130, which would be applicable to scientific and technical information (STI). After exploring the relation between government information and government STI, the author points out that Federal statistics has its own special set of policies known as Statistical Policy Directives. STI's situation is different from other government information because it is carried out in the culture of science and academia, in the culture of classified information and export controls, and in the international arena. A policy circular for STI would touch on Federal research and development, technology transfer, classified and export control information, international considerations, interagency sharing, and several existing areas of policy. The Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, or the National Science and Technology Council could issue the policy.     

国外科研记录与数据管理实践对我国科研项目档案管理的启示

本文通过梳理国际档案理事会（ICA）和美国自然科学基金委（NSF）科研记录与数据管理的理论与实践,总结出基于科研项目生命周期、以科研项目成果开放利用为导向的两种科研项目记录与数据管理模式。在此基础上提出,我国应该立足科研项目全生命周期,厘清文件归档范围与管理责任,实行科研项目档案全流程管理;强化科研项目前端控制思想,提前制订科研项目档案管理计划;构建多方主体合作机制,制订推动科学发展的档案管理方案;顺应信息时代变革,强化数字环境下科研项目档案的收、管、用。     

图书情报学视角的Web2.0研究综述

以SSCI、CNKI收录的图书情报学领域期刊所刊载的以Web2.0为主题的研究论文以及2006—2010年度与Web2.0相关的基金项目为对象进行统计分析。研究发现：Web2.0研究已引起国内外图书情报学领域的高度重视;Web2.0研究经历了萌芽期、发展期,目前正进入成熟期;关注的领域主要有信息内容生成、信息组织与检索、信息交流与共享、信息服务、知识管理、网络伦理（人文管理）等方面。结合Web2.0所具有的信息资源本质属性,提出“Web2.0信息资源管理”的观点,并从研究视角、研究主题和应用领域三个方面指出应深入研究的内容。图3。表3。参考文献59。附录1。     

The development of internationally managed information systems and their prospects

This paper reviews a selection of international collaborative efforts in the production of information services and attempts to characterize modes of cooperation. Information systems specifically discussed include: international nuclear information system (INIS); Nuclear Science Abstract (NSA); EURATOM; AGRIS; AGRINDEX; Information Retrieval Limited (IRL); IFIS (International Food Information Service); Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS); MEDLARS; and TITUS. 3 methods of international information transfer are discussed: commercial transactions; negotiated (bilateral) barter arrangements; and contribution to internationally managed systems. Technical, economic, and professional objectives support the rationale for international cooperation. It is argued that economic and political considerations, as much as improved technology or information transfer, will determine the nature of collaboration in the future.     

Collective administration of literary works

Reproduction rights organizations, which administer reproduction copyrights collectively, are one of the major implementation mechanisms for copyright law, on both a national and an international level. The operation of RROs is described, with examples from Norway, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The International Federation of Reproduction Rights is discussed, and future plans for licensing databases are summarized. This article was adapted from a presentation to Latin American Copyright Specialists at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., May 1991, which was sponsored by the International Copyright Institute of the U.S. Copyright Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization.     

Breaking down information barriers: a guide to international research of medical resources on the World Wide Web

The purpose of this paper is to facilitate international research of medical resources on the World Wide Web. International research consists of overcoming a unique set of obstacles and challenges that are not involved when undertaking research tasks using only U.S.-based information. Utilizing the World Wide Web can help us to overcome most of the restraints we would have to face when we perform research outside of our local geography. Currently, there are a number of Internet Web sites that may assist us in breaking down the barriers to undertaking international research.     

International student mobility spurs scientific research on foreign countries: Evidence from international students studying in China

The international mobility of scientists fosters knowledge exchange by increasing cross-country research collaboration between destination and origin countries. To the best of our knowledge, the mobility of international students, most of whom are not scientists, has not been linked to knowledge production involving both destination and origin countries in previous studies. The question of this research is whether international student mobility (ISM) contributes to science in China. To address this research question, we determined the annual number of international students studying in Chinese universities from 1999 to 2018, from the Concise Statistics of International Students in China compiled by the International Exchange Department of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, and corresponding publication records including the source country names in the titles, from the Web of Science database of Clarivate Analytics. We then used the fixed-effects negative binomial model and instrumental variable approach to explore the linkage from ISM to knowledge production and found that ISM led to the destination countries’ scientific research on foreign countries. The findings shed light on the discussion of the global mobility of talent, and contribute to the understanding of ISM's influence on science, the measurement of which is promising in future studies.     

基于作者文献耦合分析的情报学知识结构研究

以SCI和SSCI收录的7种情报学期刊在2000-2010年间的数据为样本,以作者文献耦合分析方法为研究视角,探寻新世纪以来情报学的知识结构。研究探测到：①情报学领域的几位具有较强研究活力以及广泛影响力的学者,作者的发文数、耦合频次以及作者在耦合网络中的中心性都是有关系的,但这种相关关系表现得并不强。②情报学的7个主要研究主题——科学计量学、网络资源管理与配置、信息检索、信息系统、知识管理、用户交互与服务、科学评价中,其科学计量学和网络资源管理与配置是两个主流研究主题;各研究主题之间的融合还有待于进一步加强。③与作者文献共被引分析法不同,作者文献耦合分析法以当前活跃的作者为分析对象,它可以从另一个角度来探析情报学的知识结构状况。     

国际图书馆学研究热点与前沿的可视化分析

以Web of Science中的Social Science Citation Index为数据来源,利用CiteSpace软件对2006年至2010年国际图书馆学研究2 591篇文献和56 906篇参考文献进行可视化分析,结果表明:数字图书馆、信息科学、网络信息资源是国际图书馆研究热点;网站、Web2.0、数字图书馆是国际图书馆研究前沿。可见,数字图书馆、网络信息资源的研究既是国际图书馆学研究的热点,同时也是国际图书馆学研究的前沿。     

《浙江大学学报》(英文版)在国际影响力提升计划中的新举措——中文概要与PPT导读

《浙江大学学报A辑应用物理与工程》(英文版)获得国家6部委联合资助的“中国科技期刊国际影响力提升计划”A类项目资助后,思考如何让中国出版的科技期刊既有国际学术影响力又兼具本土特色,并能反哺期刊的可持续发展.编辑部推出了中文概要与PPT导读,以此来展现文章的创新要点、研究方法、重要结论等主要内容.同时,中文概要上线于国内外重要数据库和网站,如科学引文索引(Web of Science)、施普林格(Springer)、中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)等.此举加快双语传播科研成果的速度,提升中英文于同等重要的国际显示度,体现本土化创新走向世界的逆向思维和探索.     

Review of the three year research and exchange programme approved at the 4th Annual Meeting in Baltimore in 1971

If we wish to extend co-operation among the different peoples of the world on the basis of information exchanges, we must do more than create the global information infrastructure and highway which form the technological basis for the information society of the 21st century An effort must also be made to resolve sensitive issues involved in mutual understanding between peoples belonging to different cultures and speaking different languages. This will not come about if the tendency for some languages and cultures to dominate others is allowed to persist. A long-term international programme of action is needed to preserve cultural diversity and multilingualism in the infosphere. The basic forms of such action could include: preservation — by means of the appropriate media — of the cultural heritage of peoples with no written language; the development of computer translation systems; extension of the study of the most widely spoken languages (in terms of the number of speakers) in secondary and higher education; the elaboration and adoption of general ethical standards for the writing, reviewing and citing of scientific publications, particularly articles in periodicals; the elaboration of agreed scientific terminology in different languages; the development of co-operation on the inclusion of national literature in international databases; the devising of ways and means of protecting the infosphere from pollution. Given the world-wide importance of such action, it would be appropriate to conduct it under the auspices of UNESCO and of the International Council of Scientific Unions, as was done in the late 1960s and early 1970s for the UNISIST programme.     

近年来国际知识组织规范的进展研究

对国际组织ISO、IFLA、W3C近年来颁布或修订的有关知识组织的规范或标准进行跟踪研究,分别分析了《单语种受控词表编制、格式与管理规则》（Z39.19）、《用于信息检索的结构化词表指南》（BS8723）、《信息与文献工作——叙词表及与其他词表的互操作》（ISO25964）、《主题规范数据的功能要求》（FRSAD）草案、简单知识组织系统（SKOS）与网络本体语言（OWL）的最新进展。重点分析了知识组织系统网络化和网络应用方面的标准规范的共性问题,如：标准名称和术语概念的扩展与规范,概念系统模型的规范及各标识系统的互操作,数据模型的表示,知识组织系统构建维护管理及应用方法。指出了国际知识组织规范的进展对中国知识组织标准规范及文献主题规范工作的影响。参考文献9。     

图书情报学高被引论文引用现象的实证研究

学术论文是科研活动产出和知识信息交流的主要载体,而学术论文被引用则是学术成果获得认同的主要方式之一。研究高被引论文所引用论文的分布特征,对于了解高被引论文知识基础的构成具有重要意义。本文以ISI图书情报学（Information Science & Library Science）为例,以实证研究为基础,按比例采集图书情报学领域的高被引论文数据,查询这些高被引论文的参考文献的被引频次数据,以期得到高被引论文的引证特点。研究发现,图书情报学领域的高被引论文更多地引用了高被引参考文献;随着被引频次的降低,其引用的高被引论文所占的比例也在下降。     

The Ethno-Cultural,Linguistic and Ethical Problems of the “Infosphere”

If we wish to extend co-operation among the different peoples of the world on the basis of information exchanges, we must do more than create the global information infrastructure and highway which form the technological basis for the information society of the 21st century An effort must also be made to resolve sensitive issues involved in mutual understanding between peoples belonging to different cultures and speaking different languages. This will not come about if the tendency for some languages and cultures to dominate others is allowed to persist. A long-term international programme of action is needed to preserve cultural diversity and multilingualism in the infosphere. The basic forms of such action could include: preservation — by means of the appropriate media — of the cultural heritage of peoples with no written language; the development of computer translation systems; extension of the study of the most widely spoken languages (in terms of the number of speakers) in secondary and higher education; the elaboration and adoption of general ethical standards for the writing, reviewing and citing of scientific publications, particularly articles in periodicals; the elaboration of agreed scientific terminology in different languages; the development of co-operation on the inclusion of national literature in international databases; the devising of ways and means of protecting the infosphere from pollution. Given the world-wide importance of such action, it would be appropriate to conduct it under the auspices of UNESCO and of the International Council of Scientific Unions, as was done in the late 1960s and early 1970s for the UNISIST programme.     

Penetration of Nigerian predatory biomedical open access journals 2007–2012: a bibliometric study

This paper presents the bibliometric characteristics of 32 biomedical open access journals published by Academic Journals and International Research Journals – the two Nigerian publishers in Jeffery Beall's list of 23 predatory open access publishers in 2012. Data about the journals and the authors of their articles were collected from the websites of the publishers, Google Scholar and Web of Science. As at December 2012, the journals had together produced a total of 5,601 papers written by 5,599 authors, and received 12,596 citations. Authors from Asia accounted for 56.79% of the publications; those from Africa wrote 28.35% while Europe contributed 7.78%. Authors from Africa accounted for 18.25% of the citations these journals received, and this is about one‐third the number of citations by authors in Asia (54.62%). At country level, India ranks first in the top 10 citer countries, while Nigeria, the host country of the journals, ranked eighth. More in‐depth studies are required to develop further information about the journals such as how much scientific information the journals contain, as well as the science literacy of the authors and the editorial.     

Presence of taiwan on the world wide web in south korea: dynamics of digital and geographical presence on cyberspace

This paper examines the way in which Taiwan is connected to on the World Wide Web in South Korea. The Web may represent a new channel for the communication among a global society's members and a reflection of international relations. Thus, it is necessary to explore the distribution of relations formed and maintained on the Web and the contents of those relations as well. This paper traced South Korean Web pages hyperlinking pages hosted in Taiwan, using a search engine. The context in which Taiwan appears in South Korean pages was also examined. Specifically, the structure of hyperlink connectivity from South Korea and Taiwan was analyzed. It was found that the hyperlink network was very sparsely connected in terms of the number of South Korean Web pages hyperlinking to the pages of the other country. The contents of hyperlink-connected information were categorized and analyzed. The most often occurring content category was ‘Computers & Internet’ in Taiwan. This suggests that South Korean Web users including organizations are more interested in computer-related products in Taiwan than any other things. The implication of this paper is to examine the state and form of international information flow from South Korea to Taiwan based on the patterns of hyperlink relations inscribed on South Korean Web pages and the type and content of information.