Deductive and defeasible reasoning on the basis of a unified algebraic approach

Application of a unified classical approach to the modeling and analysis of both deductive and defeasible reasoning developed by the authors on the basis of n-tuple algebra is demonstrated. A method of analysis of defeasible reasoning transferring the “non-classical” component to the semantics and allowing carrying out logical analysis without violating the laws of classical logic is demonstrated.     

On the logical tools of intelligent sociological data analysis

The logical tools for formalizing of qualitative sociological data analysis are considered. The capabilities of approaches employing JSM reasoning, a class of cognitive plausible reasoning, and the methods of Boolean algebra are considered and compared.     

Copy-and-Persist: The Logic of Mash-Up Culture

This essay traces the logic of mash-up culture, an online music scene in which practitioners use audio-editing software to splice and combine pop songs encoded in MP3 format to produce hybrid or “mashed-up” recordings. The study focuses on the logic that guides the development of works, styles and reputations in mash-up culture. Several fields of practice shape this cultural logic, including “virtual studios,” online message boards, dance clubs, and the market for “underground” and “unofficial” remixes. This cultural logic generates a new kind of amateur musicianship based on pluralistic listening and the reorganization of the relations that constitute musical recordings.     

Pranking rhetoric: “culture jamming” as media activism

This essay explores the practice of “culture jamming” as a strategy of rhetorical protest. Specifically, “pranksters” deploy the tools of the mass media and marketing in order to take advantage of the resources and venues they afford. Through the concept of “pranking,” this essay suggests that the most promising forms of media activism may resist less through negation and opposition than by playfully appropriating commercial rhetoric both by folding it over on itself and exaggerating its tropes.     

“三个体系”视角下档案管理研究框架的重构

面对我国档案工作的新特点、新形势、新问题,构建具有中国特色的档案管理研究框架意义重大。本文基于对我国档案管理研究内容变化规律与发展趋势的总结,阐述了我国档案管理研究框架重构的原因,认为新时期我国档案管理研究框架的重构需要遵循实践导向、研究导向以及创新导向的原则。文章以档案管理活动的“三个维度”为逻辑起点,以“实体”和“信息”为逻辑主线,以在档案工作中的应用为逻辑终点初步设计出基于“三个体系”的档案管理研究框架。     

On inferences of the “fourth class”

This article explores a type of inference which, instead of resting on logical, semantical, or institutional rules, rests upon rules asserted to be constitutive of the act of communicating. The logical and pragmatic status of these “fourth class” inferences is explored and their implications for the concept of “serious speech” are suggested.     

档案定义视阈下的原始记忆性本质及其逻辑结构

档案界对档案定义一般采用“属+种差”的逻辑形式,因而揭示档案本质、确定档案属种就成为档案定义的根本问题。档案记忆理论认为,档案是记忆的物质形态。档案以自身历史选择的必然性和逻辑结构的客观优势,成为人类自觉建构的外脑记忆的典型形式。作为用来建构原始记忆的历史文件,档案在物质形态上表现为档案实体,在逻辑关系上表现为记录和再现两个维度。以档案实体为基点,沿时空维度,向后回溯是档案记录关系维度,在档案记录关系的另一端是档案记忆的历史事实,这是档案记忆的客体;向前表述是档案再现关系维度,在档案再现关系的另一端是档案客体加以证明的回忆事实,这是档案记忆的证体。在这种逻辑结构中,档案实体即档案本身是档案“二维”逻辑关系和档案“三重要素”的物质载体。档案现象的实质就是以“二维”逻辑关系,凝聚“三重要素”的实践过程。     

现代情报检索模型理论比较与发展研究

关于相关性的计量一直是情报检索的核心问题，为此，人们提出了一系列检索模型。本文从比较与发展的角度，按时间顺序介绍了布尔模型、向量空间模型、概率模型、模糊模型、逻辑模型、概念模型、网络模型等，并在分析、比较与评价的基础上，对情报检索模型研究发展的未来趋势做了一些预测。     

大学生创建“悦读书社”的实践与存在的问题

“悦读书社”的建立,是在校大学生打造个性化的阅读空间的尝试。分析了大学生的阅读状况,总结了“悦读书社”的创建过程,介绍了“悦读书社”开展的阅读问卷调查 DIY“树”签活动、经典书目推荐等阅读推广实践活动,指出了存在的问题。     

John Morley and the Irish question: Chart‐prayer‐dream

Attempts to circumscribe “the Burkean method” of rhetorical criticism can be frustrating. Critics more profitably might use Burke as an example and a prod, appropriating—as was done in this study—whichever of Burke's concepts, methods, and metaphors seem applicable to a given rhetorical event. Burke's “chart‐prayer‐dream” trilogy, together with his understanding of “strategies,” was employed to examine Morley's “Home Rule” speech before the Oxford Union in 1888. Morley's reply to Randolph Churchill abandoned propositional argument in favor of reviv‐alistic‐exhortation early in the speech; his strategies of form, argument, labelling, style, and mimesis are best understood as those of the High Priest seeking a confessional and an act of expiation from his auditors.     

Disposition-Content Congruency and the Negation of Media Stereotypes

A critical assessment of mass-mediated stereotypes by media users can be deemed as beneficial for an open and humane society. One important concept in this regard is negation, which refers to an internal attempt to negate newly encountered stereotypic media content. This study predicted that disposition-content congruence moderates the negation process. In fact, it investigated whether those whose prejudicial dispositions are congruent with the stereotypic content negate less. An experiment (N = 245) using a quota-based sample was used to test the hypothesis. Participants read stereotypic crime texts including the “criminal foreigner”-stereotype or matched control texts. As hypothesized, unprejudiced readers who held favorable attitudes toward the social minority group negated the stereotypic information. Conversely, highly prejudiced individuals showed even less negation when exposed to the stereotypic versions of the crime texts. Highly prejudiced readers might have viewed exposure to criminal foreigners as a confirmation of their attitudinal predispositions.     

An empirical approach to certain concepts of logical proof

To develop a consistent approach to the basic concepts of logical proof in a theory of rhetoric requires a philosophical base of analysis. An empirical approach makes possible a consistent and precise explanation of the hey concepts of logical proof in a manner closely approximating what we vaguely have in mind when we use terms like “fact”; and “proof in common sense ways.     

The algebra of Fourier-dual operations: Logic with exception

In the development of an approach to the implementation of fuzzy logics on neural networks with interconnections via the scheme of Fourier holography, a model of logic with exception is proposed, which is associated with the basic Generalized Modus Ponens rule. The exception is recalled from the associative memory by an inference formed by the basic rule and it modifies the original inference. The results of numerical simulation are based on the experimental data.     

国学启蒙经典中的“阅读推广”——《三字经》蕴含的阅读方法与指导思想探析

《三字经》语言凝练、内涵丰富,为古代蒙学教育的经典读物,它根据蒙童学习特点集中推荐“经”“史”“子”类书目并指导阅读方法。《三字经》中针对阅读内容、阅读方法、阅读环境、思考能力培养和推荐书单制定等方面的阅读指导思想对于开展青少年阅读推广具有重要指导价值。     

耕读文化的前世今生与现代性转化

文章以历史性逻辑为研究方法,以传统耕读文化为“母本”,观照其在时代变迁过程中的因循与发展,从遗产保护、价值传承、机制创新三个方面,为新时代乡村振兴视野下构建“新耕读文化”提供理论参考和实践创新思路。     

Another Look at the Logical Uncertainty Principle

The Logical Uncertainty Principle is re-examined from the point of classical logic. Two interpretations are given, an objective one in terms of an axiomatic theory of information, and a subjective one based on Ramsey's theory of probability.     

Deduction Algorithms for Some Extensions of Allen’s Interval Logic

This paper considers Allen’s interval logic language and the languages whose statements are Boolean combinations of Allen’s logic statements, possibly, with metric information. Some deduction algorithms for the languages are presented. The algorithms are based on the analytic tableaux method.     

Stanton's “Solitude of Self” as Public Confession

Elizabeth Cady Stanton opened her now famous “Solitude of Self” by asserting her desire to make manifest the “individuality of each human soul.” Using Stanton's attempt to display the human soul as a case study, I consider in this essay the capacities of language to disclose the self. I argue that, for Stanton, self-disclosure is fundamentally performative: The “Solitude of Self” evokes the “inner-being we call ourself” through a reliance on, and a subsequent violation of, a distinctively narrative logic. As this violation takes from the audience the sense of order that the narrative had theretofore provided, it puts the audience in a position where they, now shorn of narrative and the order it provided, can experience firsthand the solitude of self.     

Boolean redux: Performance of advanced versus simple boolean searches and implications for upper-level instruction

Building off an earlier study, which examined whether or not it was beneficial to teach Boolean logic to introductory students, the present study examines the efficacy of Boolean OR searching in more advanced search strategies, for example, capstone projects and graduate theses and dissertations. Results show that both simple and advanced Boolean searches yield relevant results. Based on relevance, there is no compelling evidence that either search is superior. To capture all the literature on a topic, however, it is important that upper-level students know the relevant databases for their discipline and perform multiple searches. Results can help inform whether teaching Boolean search skills to upper-division students in disciplinary contexts is time well spent.     

Exposing multi-relational networks to single-relational network analysis algorithms

Many, if not most network analysis algorithms have been designed specifically for single-relational networks; that is, networks in which all edges are of the same type. For example, edges may either represent “friendship,” “kinship,” or “collaboration,” but not all of them together. In contrast, a multi-relational network is a network with a heterogeneous set of edge labels which can represent relationships of various types in a single data structure. While multi-relational networks are more expressive in terms of the variety of relationships they can capture, there is a need for a general framework for transferring the many single-relational network analysis algorithms to the multi-relational domain. It is not sufficient to execute a single-relational network analysis algorithm on a multi-relational network by simply ignoring edge labels. This article presents an algebra for mapping multi-relational networks to single-relational networks, thereby exposing them to single-relational network analysis algorithms.