制度正义和人的自由:解读·观照·路径

制度正义是指社会制度可以充分保障公民的安全、平等、自由等基本权利,有效协调各阶层的利益关系。自由是人们对客观性和必然性的正确认识,是人类社会永恒的价值追求。人的自由与制度正义关系密切,制度正义是实现人的自由的重要前提,人的自由是制度正义的价值目标。应从制度正义和人的自由出发,探究当代中国的社会发展问题,建设公平公正的社会制度,更好地实现人的自由。     

中国当代死刑制度的理论辩证及其价值取向

中国当代死刑制度的构建历程,实际上就是中国人民在执政党的带领下对死刑这种古老的刑罚制度进行取舍和选择的过程。在死刑制度日益萎缩的现代社会,中国当代死刑制度应该何去何从,应该如何化解死刑的适用困境,坚持正确的死刑价值取向,从而在存与废、变与守、破与立的艰难抉择中正确选择,是当代法律人孜孜不倦的永恒话题。中国当代死刑制度的构建主要分为萌芽与诞生、发展与完善两个阶段。死刑是否正义、是否必要和是否人道,是当代中国死刑制度存废之争的焦点。秩序、自由、人道和正义,是中国当代死刑制度变革的核心价值取向。     

教师教育制度伦理的正义取向分析

教师教育制度伦理力求通过制度之善来积极影响教师群体的专业发展。对制度伦理的不同取向,即制度自由、制度民主、制度平等和制度正义进行分析和综合,得出制度正义为制度伦理的主要价值取向。再从制度和正义的内涵入手,演绎出制度正义的根本是制度中"生命、自由、平等"三个维度。通过对教师作为"人"的生命关怀、"专业人"的自主尊重和"利益主体"的应享分配三方面分析,使制度伦理的正义取向蕴含于教师教育制度之中,从制度上关怀教师。     

高校学生评教的制度正义及其实现

高校学生评教作为对教学质量进行检测与管理的一种制度安排,其涉及的制度正义问题已引起研究者注意。学生评教制度正义表现出三个层面的特征：教师义务与学生权利的协调、个人权利与集体利益的平衡、管理手段与伦理价值的统一。具有制度正义的学生评教,是“做正确的事”和“正确地做事”的统一,学生评教制度正义实现的关键,是确保评教制度影响下的各利益相关者在权利与义务方面的对等,为评价对象营造平等的教学权利和专业成长发展空间。从实际情况看,评教目的、指标到评教过程等方面均存在制约制度正义实现的问题。塑造具有正义的学生评教制度可从三方面努力：营造以正义为导向的学校教学管理整体氛围,构建正当性与科学性统一的评教体系,实施评教与评人相统一的评价模式。     

制度特性与制度正义

制度是一种稀缺性资源。制度正义是对这种稀缺性资源安排、运作和分配的公正性、公平性和合理性的评价。制度特性是制度所具有的独特功能与特征，体现在强制性、有序性、有效性和缺陷性等方面，本文从制度的特性方面探讨制度正义形成与实现。     

制度伦理视域下的教师评价制度:困境、原因及改进

我国教师评价制度体系由聘任、资格认定制度;考核制度;奖励制度三类制度所构成。从制度伦理视角分析,教师评价制度伦理困境表现为:本身囿于"正当性"危机;个体利益和社会利益存在裂隙;权利与义务分配失衡以及教师"自由精神"逐步丧失。其根本原因在于,教师评价制度设计的"国家"功利主义取向和制度的"正义"性缺陷。公意契约的形成和价值观念的完善,是制度本身走出伦理困境的必要取径。     

我国高等教育改革中公平、正义与效率的内在逻辑与实现路径

高等教育作为国家、地方、政府、社会、群体、个体等各种利益主体高度关注的领域,其公平、正义与效率的实现与人民生活及国家命运息息相关。当前,中国高等教育改革面临着正义缺失之痛、政府主观偏颇导致公平正义与效率之失衡、基础性资源与竞争性资源分配之混沌,以及法律缺失与大众置身事外导致保障机制之匮乏等现实困境。实现高等教育改革中公平、正义与效率的和谐统一,应以“教育正义”为基本价值取向,遵循并坚持“竞争中性”原则,推动“差别”原则与竞争性资源“效率优先”原则并驾齐驱,从法律与制度维护二维视角建立保障机制。     

环境正义视域下的公众参与

环境正义的实质在于社会成员之间合理、平等地分配环境利益与负担。缺失健全的公众参与制度是环境不正义的重要原因。通过建立完备的公众参与制度、推动公众实质性地参与环境决策过程可以有效地矫正环境不正义、实现环境正义。我国现有的公众参与环境决策过程的制度对于实现环境正义有诸多不足之处。我们应该采取各种有效方式健全我国环境决策公众参与制度,以期实现我国社会成员间的环境正义。     

当代中国政党制度的利益表达功能探析

在急剧的经济体制转轨和社会转型时期,当代中国政党制度的利益表达功能受到挑战,分析当代中国政党制度的利益表达功能的特点和优点,进一步完善当代中国政党制度的利益表达功能的措施。     

教育制度分析的伦理视角

教育制度是调整教育者、受教育者和其他社会成员之间、以及教育组织之间利益关系的权威性规则体系。公正或正义是教育制度最为根本、稳定、主导性的价值诉求。在当前我国教育制度体系中,价值变得扭曲,公平遭到质疑,伦理备受冷落的现象普遍存在。因此,呼唤教育制度之善,实现教育制度的伦理化应当成为教育制度变革与创新的重要论题。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.