略谈髌骨的作用与保护

髌骨是人体中最大的籽骨。它位于大、小腿之间,在股四头肌内,参加构成膝关节。在体育运动中,很多动作都必须膝关节参与活动。髌骨随着膝关节的运动可做上下滑和左右移动。髌骨虽小,但在体育运动中作用很多。一,起保护膝关节的作用。髌骨的后面贴着股骨下端的前面,它能保护股骨的关节软骨面,即在体育运动中起到保护关节的作用。二、能限制膝关节的某些运动。在膝关     

体育运动引起膝关节劳损的因素及预防

通过文献及实验观察探讨膝关节劳损的机制 ,从中分析体育运动引起膝关节劳损的因素 ,提出相应的预防措施     

运动性膝关节损伤的运动疗法探讨

本文根据膝关节的解剖结构及运动特点,分析膝关节周围韧带和肌肉参与体育运动时的力学改变,探讨运动疗法对膝关节损伤的康复效果并提出膝关节损伤的运动疗法康复方案。     

青少年女子篮球运动员膝关节等速肌力测试分析

运用文献资料法、测试法和数理统计法,对苏州市体育运动学校34名青少年女子篮球运动员进行膝关节60°/s、120°/s及240°/s等速肌力测试,分析其膝关节伸屈肌群力量的不同特征,结合青少年运动员膝关节损伤的原因,提出针对性的训练建议.     

青少年膝关节运动损伤49例治疗体会

本文结合体育运动学校学生运动损伤防治实践,对青少年膝关节运动损伤的防治进行积极探索,总结了一些有效方法。     

膝关节损伤的预防

<正> 膝关节是身体上承重的大关节,在各种体育运动中均占有重要地位,膝关节损伤也是最常见的运动损伤之一,其损伤后主要症状是膝关节疼痛,笔者曾对200名体育系在校学生进行调查,约有49％的     

膝关节运动损伤问题探讨

膝关节是人体中重要活动关节之一,是负重大、运劝量大的关节,主要进行屈伸运动。体育运动过程中,无论是以健身为目的的保健体育,还是以取胜为目的的竞技体育,都不能忽视与膝关节相关的问题：合理的锻炼不仅能减少膝关节运劝损伤的发生,还能延缓膝关节衰老,延长运动寿命。     

膝关节疼痛的预防与缓解

膝关节疼痛,每个人或多或少都会有所体会,这不仅仅存在于体育运动中,日常生活里也有很多情况会引发膝关节的疼痛,其原因在于关节软骨的磨损,而造成磨损的关键是膝关节所受的负担。很简单,比如当你走路时,膝关节要承受体重2—3倍的压力负担,上下楼梯时膝关节则要承受体重的3—4倍负担。要想预防和缓解膝关节磨损疼痛,别无选择,只有增强大腿肌肉力量。     

网球运动中膝关节损伤的预防与治疗

在网球运动损伤中,膝关节损伤是较为常见的运动损伤。各种体育运动均有不同程度的膝关节运动损伤现象。运动损伤给群众的健身运动、竞技运动员的运动训练、及体育院校学生的训练均带来了不利的影响,因此,有必要对网球运动有关膝关节运动损伤的预防与治疗的方面进行研究,以避免在网球运动中各类膝关节损伤的发生。     

膝关节轻度软骨损伤的防与治

<正>膝关节主要由骨性结构、软骨、韧带等组织组成。它在体育运动中主要起到支撑、缓冲、变向等作用。学校体育中发生膝关节软骨损伤十分常见。膝关节发生软骨损伤,将严重影响受伤者的运动能力,改变受伤者的生活方式,甚至会给受伤者造成极大的心理压力。     

运动训练对正常膝关节松弛程度的影响

研究目的,了解运动对膝关节松弛的影响。研究方法：采用自行研制的膝关节松弛仪测试了１４名普通受试者运动训练前后膝关节松弛度。主要结果和结论：此研究发现训练后膝关节松弛度明显增加并维持８ｈ,于较长时间的休息和不负重（睡眠）后方可恢复,建议：对运动引起的膝关节松弛应加以积极恢复。     

Stressors,social support,and effects upon performance in golf

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effect of eccentric exercise on position sense and reaction angle of the elbow and knee flexors. Twelve males underwent two eccentric exercise sessions involving a randomized crossover design. In the first session participants used their elbow flexors and in the other session their knee flexors. Muscle damage indices, position sense, and joint reaction angle to release of the elbow and knee flexors were measured before, immediately after, and up to 7 days after exercise. Exercise induced greater muscle damage in the elbow flexors than knee flexors. Exercise disturbed position sense of the elbow and knee joint. For both limbs, the participants adopted a more extended position than the reference angle. The elbow and knee joint reaction angles to release increased after exercise for both the elbow and knee flexors. The disturbances in position sense and reaction angle after exercise were greater in the elbow flexors than knee flexors. The elbow flexors remained more accurate and faster than the knee flexors at all time points. These results may be explained by the higher density of muscle spindles and the lower innervation ratio of the elbow flexors compared with the knee flexors, as well as the fact that the arms are more accustomed than the legs to perform fast and accurate movements.     

运动方式不同对膝关节损伤软骨愈合的实验分析

目的:观察不同术后运动方式对关节软骨损伤再生的影响。方法:建立兔的膝关节股骨髁深/浅层关节软骨损伤模型,施加不同的术后运动方式,扫描电镜观察软骨再生情况。结果:被动运动最能使浅层部分损伤软骨内的软骨细胞增生及基质分泌,使受损软骨表面的新生填充物接近于正常的软骨结构。各种运动方式对深层软骨损伤的促进作用均不明显,至后期,软骨深面缓慢发生出一层菲薄的结缔组织,但其形态、结构、厚度均远未达到适于恢复关节运动的程度。结论:被动运动促进软骨表面损伤修复的作用最大,再生组织的结构更接近于正常软骨;而对于深层软骨损伤．各种运动方式对软骨增生的促进作用均不明显。     

中医方法消除运动性膝关节疲劳的实验研究

通过对特别设计的运动训练课前后受试者膝关节临床体征、肌肉功能、关节松弛、超声图形以及肌肉反射时的测定 ,根据中医学的理论和实验结果 ,初步确立运动性膝关节疲劳证机理 ,并采用中医方法对运动性关节疲劳的消除作了初步研究 ,发现推拿和经穴中药导入对运动性膝关节疲劳有一定的消除作用     

运动员膝关节损伤后的渐进抗阻康复训练

运动员膝关节损伤后,采用常规康复训练,效果不太理想。通过实验对比发现,在最大伸膝力量增长、大腿围度增加等方面,运动员膝关节损伤后如采用渐进抗阻康复训练手段,效果优于常规康复训练。     

太极拳锻炼对轻度退行性膝关节炎的影响

探讨太极拳锻炼对轻度退行性膝关节炎患者的康复效果。对60名轻度退行性膝关节炎患者进行6个月的太极拳运动处方锻炼,以疼痛程度评分、软骨损伤度MRI对比、膝关节活动度和《中医病证诊断疗效标准》为评价参量,分析和探讨太极拳的健身价值。结果表明,太极拳锻炼组退行性膝关节炎患者疼痛程度较对照组呈显著性下降（P〈0．05）,软骨损...     

Changes in bone alkaline phosphatase and procollagen type-1 C-peptide after static and dynamic exercises

We investigated the effects of two types of nonweight-bearing exercise on changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and procollagen type 1 C-peptide (PIP). BAP is a specific marker of bone synthesis, whereas P1P reflects synthesis of type 1 collagen in other organs as well as bone. Eight participants performed static and dynamic unilateral knee extensions. BAP and PIP were measured before, and at 1, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr after exercise. PIP increased at 24 hr after a static knee extension exercise, whereas BAP did not change during the experimental period. We found no changes in these markers after dynamic exercise. These results imply that type I collagen synthesis in tendons increases after static exercise.     

Correlation network analysis shows divergent effects of a long-term,high-fat diet and exercise on early stage osteoarthritis phenotypes in mice

Background:Obesity increases knee osteoarthritis(OA) risk through metabolic,inflammatory,and biomechanical factors,but how these systemic and local mediators interact to drive OA pathology is not well understood.We tested the effect of voluntary running exercise after chronic diet-induced obesity on knee OA-related cartilage and bone pathology in mice.We then used a correlation-based network analysis to identify systemic and local factors associated with early-stage knee OA phenotypes among the different diet and exercise groups.Methods:Male C57 BL/6 J mice were fed a defined control(10% kcal fat) or high fat(HF)(60% kcal fat) diet from 6 to 37 weeks of age.At 25 weeks,one-half of the mice from each diet group were housed in cages with running wheels for the remainder of the study.Histology,micro computed tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate changes in joint tissue structure and OA pathology.These local variables were then compared to systemic metabolic(body mass,body fat,and glucose tolerance),inflammatory(serum adipokines and inflammatory mediators),and functional(mechanical tactile sensitivity and grip strength) outcomes using a correlation-based network analysis.Diet and exercise effects were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance.Results:An HF diet increased the infrapatellar fat pad size and posterior joint osteophytes,and wheel running primarily altered the subchondral cortical and trabecular bone.Neither HF diet nor exercise altered average knee cartilage OA scores compared to control groups.However,the coefficient of variation was≥25% for many outcomes,and some mice in both diet groups developed moderate OA(>33% maximum score).This supported using correlation-based network analyses to identify systemic and local factors associated with early-stage knee OA phenotypes.In wheel-running cohorts,an HF diet reduced the network size compared to the control diet group despite similar running distances,suggesting that diet-induced obesity dampens the effects of exercise on systemic and local OA-related factors.Each of the 4 diet and activity groups showed mostly unique networks of local and systemic factors correlated with early-stage knee OA.Conclusion:Despite minimal group-level effects of chronic diet-induced obesity and voluntary wheel running on knee OA pathology under the current test durations,diet and exercise substantially altered the relationships among systemic and local variables associated with early-stage knee OA.These results suggest that distinct pre-OA phenotypes may exist prior to the development of disease.     

锻炼与针刺组合对退行性膝关节炎微循环血流灌注量的影响

目的：锻炼与针刺组合对退行性膝关节炎微循环血流灌注量的影响。方法：研究对象40例随机分为2组，分别是针刺组（单纯针刺）和锻炼组（站桩与针刺组合），对其实验前后疼痛程度（VAS）、微循环血流灌注量（MBPU）及皮肤温度的变化进行检测分析。结果：两组实验后，VAS评分明显降低（P<0.01），锻炼组优于针刺组（P<0.05）；MBPU降低（P<0.01），锻炼组优于针刺组（P<0.05）；局部温度明显提高（P<0.05）。结论：锻炼与针刺组合可以明显缓解退行性膝关节炎的疼痛症状，降低局部微循环血流灌注量，提高皮肤温度；优于单纯针刺疗法。     

优秀铁饼运动员腾空和过渡阶段膝关节运动损伤的生物力学分析

采用问卷调查法对我国26名国家健将级男女铁饼运动员膝关节运动损伤进行调查,分别统计了运动员膝关节损伤的原因、损伤的性质及损伤发生的部位,了解铁饼运动员膝关节损伤的构成比。根据生物力学指标和运动员膝关节运动损伤情况,采用近景动态立体摄影的测量方法,用两台有电子快门的进口松下摄像机,对运动员现场比赛、训练进行定点拍摄,拍摄频率为50 Hz。采用爱捷运动录像快速反馈分析系统,进行图像采样和数据计算,用三维运动生物力学分析法,找出我国优铁饼运动员腾空和过渡阶段膝关节运动损伤原因。