试论分享阅读与幼儿成长

早期阅读,是幼儿智力成长的重要手段,也是幼儿国语言教育的核心组成部分。本文通过分析分享阅读——一种有效的阅读手段,在幼儿成长中所产生的巨大作用,来论述分享阅读的教育价值。     

幼儿园早期阅读教育研究的新进展——由汉语儿童早期阅读研究反思早期阅读教育问题

近两年来,早期阅读教育已经成为我国学前教育领域的一个热门话题。人们认识到早期阅读对儿童终身学习和发展具有特别的价值,认识到早期阅读教育已成为幼儿园教育不可或缺的组成部分。那么,在中国文化背景下,幼儿园早期阅读教育应当如何开展？我们开展了有关幼儿园早期阅读教育的实践研究,对目标、内容和组织策略等有了一些新的认识,在此与幼教界同行分享。     

为真情传递温馨,用分享点亮人生——关于亲子分享阅读模式的探讨

近年来,家庭的儿童早期阅读逐渐受到重视。亲子分享阅读作为早期阅读教育的重要组成部分,是一种强调亲子间互动的阅读方式,它对于儿童的成长具有重要的意义。然而目前我国对于家庭亲子分享阅读的研究相对薄弱,所以,本文以理论为高度,结合具体实践,通过对亲子分享阅读的探讨,较全面的总结出亲子分享阅读的重要性和实施策略,从而更好地为亲子分享阅读服务。     

我国早期阅读的现状与对策

幼儿早期阅读受到重视,始于20世纪90年代。随着家庭与教育机构对早期阅读重要性认识的不断提高,图画书创作与出版日渐繁荣,使我国儿童的早期阅读获得空前发展;"亲子阅读"、"分享阅读"等较好的幼儿早期阅读形式,带动了家庭与教育机构对早期阅读的研究。然而,目前在早期阅读领域中,还不同程度地存在一些问题。要使早期阅读实现其应有的价值,使图书真正成为教育者的助手和幼儿的良师益友,尚需多方面地努力。     

福建省幼儿园早期阅读研讨会综述

2006年5月14—17日,省幼教培训中心在福州举办“幼儿园早期阅读研讨会”,会议围绕早期阅读读什么和怎么读展开一系列的探讨。研讨会特邀北京师范大学心理学院副院长、博士生导师、国内资深早期阅读研究专家伍新春教授做分享阅读实验研究报告。伍教授首先澄清了关于阅读的概念;然后提出理想的早期阅读是基于口语、兴趣、能力、活动和图画的;阐明分享阅读是早期阅读的一种有效的形式,已成为英语国家语言教学的主流课程;最后介绍了十多年来分享阅读中国化研究的情况和结果,实验证明分享阅读同样适宜于汉语国家的早期语言教育。同时,省幼教培训…     

我国早期阅读的现状与对策

幼儿早期阅读受到重视，始于20世纪90年代。随着家庭与教育机构对早期阅读重要性认识的不断提高，图画书创作与出版日渐繁荣，使我国儿童的早期阅读获得空前发展；“亲子阅读”、“分享阅读”等较好的幼儿早期阅读形式,带动了家庭与教育机构对早期阅读的研究。然而，目前在早期阅读领域中，还不同程度地存在一些问题。要使早期阅读实现其应有的价值．使图书真正成为教育者的助手和幼儿的良师益友，尚需多方面地努力。     

分享阅读增强幼儿自主学习能力

分享阅读是专门针对幼儿设计的一种早期阅读方法.它不仅能提高幼儿的早期阅读能力,促进他们的语言形成与发展,并能培养他们的自主学习能力.要积极搭建分享阅读平台,为幼儿创设更多的分享阅读机会,让他们在分享中体验阅读的乐趣.     

小班幼儿早期阅读分享策略研究

阅读不仅是一种学习手段,还是人们一项最为基本和重要的生存能力。国外有关研究发现,8岁之前是学习基本阅读能力的关键期。然而,在实践中我们发现由于受生理和心理的影响,儿童早期阅读理论研究总体上滞后于实践的需要,没有老师科学的指导和适时的教育,孩子良好的阅读习惯很难养成。为此,本文以早期阅读的几个问题入手,结合小班幼儿身心发展特点,分析小班孩子目前在阅读方面存在的误区、阅读的现状等,运用科学的、有效的教育策略,从同伴分享、亲子分享、师生分享这三方面发展幼儿的早期阅读能力,帮助幼儿掌握一定的阅读技巧,使幼儿喜欢阅读、快乐阅读,养成良好的阅读习惯。     

如何协助学生架起“乐分享、会分享”的桥梁——生本阅读理念下小学二年级语文阅读分享的实践研究

生本阅读理念中最重要的就是阅读分享交流,价值在于能够有效培养学生和他人沟通分享的能力,协助学生架起"乐分享、会分享"的桥梁,助益学生未来发展。学校是小学生阅读的主要阵地,小学生因为心理的不成熟,难以保持长时间的阅读行为活动,需要教师采取有效教学方式来充分调动学生的阅读积极性与主动性。本文基于此,分析研究生本阅读理念下小学二年级语文阅读分享实践。     

分享阅读在小小班语言教育中的实施

“分享阅读”是指在轻松、愉快的气氛中。利用专家根据幼儿认知规律编写的分享阅读材料．配合分享阅读教育方法．成年人和幼儿共同阅读一本书的类似游戏的阅读活动。分享阅渎以让幼儿学会阅读为直接目的。是幼儿早期阅读中的一种全新的方式和理念。在小小班语言教育中应用分享阅读,     

Literacy 8–12 months: what are babies learning?

Shared book reading in families is strongly linked with successful school literacy and thus with identity, belonging and participation in literate societies. From an ‘emergent’ perspective, literacy is recognised as beginning from birth. However, despite exceptions such as research into the UK program, ‘Bookstart’, most research into shared book reading does not focus on babies. In this paper, I report on interactions during shared book reading between 10 babies aged 8–12 months, and their mothers. A detailed examination of linguistic and paralinguistic features of the interactions in the ten mother–baby dyads showed varying individual patterns of language use, discourse structure and paralinguistic interaction. There were also differences in children's dispositions to engage in the activity. The findings from this study have important implications for parent support, prevention/intervention programs, and early childhood settings that include infants and toddlers.     

Parental influence on child interest in shared picture book reading

Children’s early interest in shared reading is thought to be important to later reading achievement. However, influences on such interest have not been adequately studied. The present study evaluated whether parents can affect their children’s interest in shared reading, using a multimethod assessment. Twenty-five parents and their preschool-aged children were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or an attention-control group. Parents in the interest intervention group learned strategies thought to be important to fostering interest in shared reading. After one week, children in the intervention group were more interested in shared reading compared to children in the attention-control group. After four weeks, intervention parents still reported increased child interest, though direct observations suggested somewhat diminished effects. These results provide a rare experimental evaluation of parental influence on interest, and suggest potential value in further developing interest interventions.     

Early Shared Reading,Socioeconomic Status,and Children’s Cognitive and School Competencies: Six Years of Longitudinal Evidence

This study explored longitudinal associations between early shared reading at 2 to 3 years of age and children’s later academic achievement. It examined the mediating role of children’s vocabulary and early academic skills, and the moderating effects of family’s socioeconomic status. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 4,768). Academic achievement was assessed at 8 to 9 years of age via standardized national test scores of literacy and mathematics achievement. Results indicated that early shared reading was associated with children’s academic achievement directly and indirectly through receptive vocabulary and early academic skills. Also, the frequency of early shared reading predicted the outcome measures, over and above other home learning activities. Associations were stronger among low and middle socioeconomic status groups compared to the high socioeconomic status group. We conclude that shared reading offers unique opportunities for adults to teach young children new words and concepts.     

基于共享调节的社会性阅读：概念模型及解释

当前无论是理论还是实践层面,越来越多的研究开始突破传统阅读的“简单模型”假设,基于问题解决的阅读或有目的的阅读成为重要的研究视角。随着技术的发展,以读者为核心,强调分享、互动、传播的社会性阅读的兴起,使得原有的理论模型面临挑战。将共享调节引入社会性阅读,有助于拓展基于问题解决的阅读的理论视角,构建基于共享调节的社会性阅读的概念模型。这一模型的核心观点是,在具体的阅读活动之前,需要形成个人和群体层面的二阶段心智模型:即情境模型和任务模型。该模型还可以进一步衍生出新的研究假设,构建阅读支架及支持系统,并进行相应的课堂实践。以一门本科课程的阅读活动为解释案例,对该概念模型进行阐释和应用的结果表明,基于共享调节的社会性阅读可以帮助学生提取原先容易被忽略的物理及社会情境因素,形成小组阅读目标和阅读计划,支架及协作工具也有助于社会性阅读过程中的任务理解、计划、监控和调节。这一研究有助于完善新媒体环境下有目的的阅读理论,揭示社会性阅读过程中共享情境和任务形成的影响因素及动态发展过程,也可以为课堂社会性阅读提供可操作的应用模式。     

The IMPACT Project: Parental involvement in the Curriculum*

This account of a curriculum‐based parental involvement scheme, the IMPACT Project, will attempt to describe some of the early findings within a theoretical context. The IMPACT Project was started in 1985 as an attempt to mirror the very successful work in shared reading initiatives between family and school in the area of mathematics. The late 1970's and early 80's had seen the establishment of a substantial body of evidence, gleaned from both research and practice, of the efficacy of involving parents in their children's learning to read through a programme of regular reading at home and sustained dialogue between teacher and parent about the child's progress (Topping & Wolfendale, 1985, Hamilton & Griffiths, 1984). The mechanisms by which this dialogue was maintained usually included small ‘reading diaries’ completed by parents and children at home and, responsively, by the teacher in class. For many of us working in the area of mathematics at that time, it seemed likely that the gains in terms of children's performance in, and attitude to, reading through the simple expedient of involving their parents in a sustained programme of tasks done at home would be replicated were the model to be applied in mathematics. I was concerned that because most parents perceive mathematics as harder ‐ ‘a byword for bewilderment and boredom’ as one national British periodical described mathematics (Time Out Magazine, 1984) ‐perhaps the response rate would be lower than it was for the shared reading. This turned out to be entirely unfounded. In fact, the response rates on IMPACT prove to be on average substantially higher than those for the shared reading.     

The contribution of early home literacy activities to first grade reading and writing achievements in Arabic

This longitudinal study assessed the literacy development of native Arabic-speaking children from kindergarten to the end of first grade, focusing on the role of home literacy activities (mother–child shared book reading and joint writing). The contribution of these activities in kindergarten to children’s reading and writing at the end of first grade were evaluated, controlling for family SES and children’s early skills (vocabulary and letter naming). Eighty-eight Arabic-speaking children and their mothers participated in the study. Results revealed that family SES, children’s early skills and home literacy activities in kindergarten correlated with children’s achievements at the end of first grade. Joint writing contributed significantly to children’s literacy in first grade and the contribution of shared reading was almost significant. Joint writing was found to contribute to children’s literacy achievements in first grade beyond book reading. The study extends our knowledge on literacy acquisition in Arabic, highlighting the significance of early parent–child literacy activities as a predictor of Arabic-speaking children’s literacy achievements in school.     

Interactive Read-Alouds—An Avenue for Enhancing Children’s Language for Thinking and Understanding: A Review of Recent Research

Enhancing young children’s early literacy achievement is a top priority in many countries. There is a considerable body of research demonstrating young children’s language development as a critical factor in reading and later academic success. Implementation of high quality literacy instruction has the potential to improve literacy outcomes for all children, especially those “at risk”. However, a significant challenge has been to implement instruction that will support children’s language for thinking and understanding, rather than narrowly focused instruction on easily quantified code-related skills. This article reviews some of the recent research on the value of interactive read-alouds as an avenue for enhancing early literacy learning for preschoolers. Although there is abundant evidence supporting the practice, there are a number of aspects that interact in dynamic ways to affect the efficacy of read-alouds. They include pedagogical knowledge, book selection, the quality of interactions around books, and developing vocabulary and inferential language skills. The way books are shared may open or close learning opportunities and possibilities to use language for an increasingly wider range of purposes. Skillful teachers can play a significant role in building, refining and extending literacy knowledge, skills and dispositions.     

Pilot study evaluating the impact of dialogic reading and shared reading at transition to primary school: early literacy skills and parental attitudes

Previous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of shared reading (SR) and dialogic reading (DR) on young children's language and literacy development. This exploratory study compared the relative impact of parental DR and shared reading interventions on 4‐year‐old children's early literacy skills and parental attitudes to reading prior to and following school entry. Parents were trained using a self‐instruction training DVD. The children's rhyme awareness, word reading, concepts about print and writing vocabulary were assessed before and after 6 weeks over the summer period and again after one term in school. Four illustrative case studies are presented, which reveal the differential impact of the interventions on the families who participated. Findings indicated that DR had a positive impact on children's enjoyment of reading, concepts about print, parent–child reading behaviours and parental attitudes to joint storybook reading. The children who experienced shared‐book reading during the intervention also demonstrated improvements in word reading. There were no changes in rhyme awareness or writing vocabulary for either group. Changes in print concept awareness were not maintained at follow‐up, but improvements in writing vocabulary and word reading scores were noted. The reasons for this are discussed with reference to the formal literacy instruction the children received during their first academic term.     

Four year old children’s acquisition of print knowledge during electronic storybook reading

The experiment reported here explored the importance of engaging 4-year-old children’s interest in the print itself during storybook reading. We explored the effect of computer animation of the print in order to draw the child’s attention to each word as it was read. We also investigated the influence of illustrating that not all visual displays are readable print on the child’s print knowledge. The measures of interest were print concept knowledge and early reading skill. Results indicated that simply drawing children’s attention to the print during shared reading was insufficient to facilitate children’s learning of print conventions, but this attention to print while hearing stories read did improve children’s letter reading. The child’s active engagement with the print during shared story reading led to further improvements in written language skills, as illustrated by gains in knowledge about print concepts.