中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(Ⅱ)

本文是对国产菜蓟族两个属研究的一个小结。一个是蓟属(Cirsium Mill. Ecmend．Scop.)，将全部国产蓟属49种植物分隶排列在8个组中，其中3个组为新成立的组，1个组为新的组合。记载了9个新种，1个新组合种，4个种为中国分布新记录。将过去学者们发表的组、种 及变种等各级上的65个名称处理为新异名，检查出错误鉴定8处，对变异较大的种给予了说明和讨论。另一个是刺膜菊属(Alfredia Cass.)，记载了一个新种。     

菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属(续）

Having mixed extremely various  patterns of achenes  for a  long time in the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia, Lactuca  L.,  the  primary  unnatural genus,  becomes more nuclear in its limit.   The present paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative genera.      On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitu- lum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as Lactuca L.      In view of the present concept of Lactuca L.,   another group of plants, embodied by Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of achenes,  black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evident- ly, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih, gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does   not occur.  In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih.  They are P.   raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.)   Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.)  Shih and P. formosana  (Maxim.)   Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu-   ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district.   They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner,   L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb.          With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets  non-ovoid  capitulum  during  its   fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs   on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L.   with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres-  sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex.  There seems to be no point in refusing Mu-  lgedium Cass. as a genus.  Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para-  prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes.  In Hengduan moun-  tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum  (L.)  DC. discoveries its relative par-  tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex  C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridi-  onale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih.         Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey,  dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex  Maxim.  (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combi-  nation of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the  genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes.  Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, establi-  shed by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored.  It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is  monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its ache-  nes, non-marginated.   Lagedium Sojak widely distributes  in temperate  and  frigid  zone  of  northern hemisphere.  In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the ge- nus, restricts its northeast region.        Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on La- ctuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch.  seems to be a distinct genus.  This ge- nus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and beakless at its apex.  Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tro- pic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch.  The genus Paraprenanthes Chang seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated  achenes  and 4-6 ribs on  each side of it.  In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and sub- tropic zones on the mainland of Asia.  They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Fra- nch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P. prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagitti- formis Shih, sp. nov.     

中国楼梯草属小志

In the  present paper two series,  11  species and  three  varieties  of the genus Elatostema  are described as new from China  and one variety is  elevated  to specific  rank.  Four  species  and  one  variety  are  reported  from Medog,  Xizang  Autonomous Region, for the first time.     

中国红豆属的研究(续)

The first classification for the genus Ormosia was proposed by Bentham. It was followed by Taubert (1892) in Engler and Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenf., who divided the genus into 2 sections.  On the basis of the pod structure and seed characters Prain (1900) arran- ged the genus in 2 sections with 4 subsections.  In the monograph on the genus Merrill and L. Chen ( 1943 ) limited their taxonomic study to Chinese and Indo-Chinese species, and recognized 34 species and 15 series.  Recently Yakovlev (1971-1976) has treated the ge- nus in 6 separate genera.      In the present paper the author recognizes 35 species, of which 7 species and 2 varie- ties are new.  The Chinese species of the genus are grouped into 3 sections and 6 series inmy classification.