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1.
长期以来,中国大学生群体中绝大多数是家庭第一代大学生。随着2019年中国迈入高等教育普及化阶段,将会有越来越多的大学生父母培养出下一代大学生。未来第一代大学生数量将逐渐减少,不再是校园中的主体人群。目前在中国顶尖大学中,家庭非第一代(第二、三代)大学生已形成一定规模,他们受惠于家庭教育,在大学中显现出学习优势。美国比中国提早半个世纪进入高等教育普及化阶段。美国第一代大学生已经呈现相当大的学业困境,种族、移民和贫困问题叠加的复杂社会背景加剧了教育弱势的代际再生产。综述一系列实证研究结果,中国第一代大学生受益于高考的学力筛选和价值导向,加之普惠公办教育和传统文化信念的赋能,短期内有可能不至于陷入美国第一代大学生的绝对弱势,有机会实现学业追赶和社会地位的跃升。但长期来看,来自体制、政策与文化的有利因素很可能逐渐削弱,需要前瞻性的学术研究和政策支持。 相似文献
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家庭第一代大学生在校表现和发展情况直接关系到高等教育促进社会流动功能的实现。作为世界一流公立研究型大学,加州大学系统在促进家庭第一代大学生发展方面成效显著,家庭第一代大学生六年大学毕业率超过80%,明显高于美国公立大学均值,毕业五年后的收入与非一代大学毕业生大致相当。加州大学系统家庭第一代大学生和非一代大学生对在校期间整体学术和社会经历的满意度评价基本一致,且家庭第一代大学生在各项能力发展方面的获益大于非一代大学生。为更好地服务这一群体,加州大学各分校采取了面向家庭第一代大学生开展导师辅导和同伴辅导、创设学习生活共同体、提供有力的经济资助支持、加强家庭第一代大学生研究以改善服务质量等多项措施,形成对家庭第一代大学生的支持体系,这对于我国高校精准做好面向这一群体的支持和服务,通过高等教育改善社会流动提供借鉴。 相似文献
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随着我国高等教育扩张,家庭第一代大学生比例急剧增加,其毕业情况不仅直接影响大学生整体毕业落实,也关乎高等教育促进社会流动功能的实现。基于全国高校本科毕业生2022年度调查数据,实证分析发现:两类大学生群体在毕业意向上存在显著差异,相比非第一代大学生,家庭第一代大学生更倾向于选择就业,而非升学;学校选拔性和专业领域会显著影响大学生的毕业意向和去向,但没有充足证据表明它们可以调节家庭第一代大学生身份对升学意向和就业落实的影响,家庭第一代大学生群体通过相对更多选择理学、工学专业改善了其就业状况,相对更多选择农学、医学专业改善了其升学状况;认知与非认知能力是影响大学生毕业意向和去向的重要因素,并且非认知能力在家庭第一代大学生身份对升学意向和就业落实的影响过程中发挥着中介作用;大学生毕业意向和去向存在明显的家庭背景差异。基于此,研究建议高校要加强对家庭第一代大学生群体的精准帮扶力度;政府要继续完善劳动力市场制度建设,强化绩效原则,营造公平公正的就业环境;家庭第一代大学生要发挥主观能动性,有意识地提高自身非认知能力。 相似文献
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家庭第一代大学生占中国高校学生的70%以上,这一群体的出现标志着家庭代际传递的重要转变,并成为中国高等教育研究领域的新议题。但现有研究多限于学校场域,还未有从劳动力市场回报和家庭场域并行的视角进行分析。利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,探究家庭第一代大学生在职场上是否具有收入优势以及何以实现其优势。经研究发现:一是相较于非第一代大学生,第一代大学生有显著更高的职业收入;二是80后和中西部地区的第一代大学生的收入优势更显著;三是第一代大学生的家庭经济联结、文化认知和社会资源形成了深层的家庭文化机制,即权威型孝道、自我奋斗和独立自主特质。总之,家庭第一代大学生的诸多特质与其说是一种积极的抉择,不如说是他们在特定社会环境下的适应性反应。 相似文献
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基于疫情期间上海39所本科院校在校生线上提供的64949份有效问卷,本研究设计了《本科生在线自我调节学习量表》并进行信效度检验。回归统计结果表明:家庭第一代大学生在线自我调节学习的自评得分均值显著低于非家庭第一代大学生,在控制学习动机与就业焦虑这两个潜在影响机制之后,这种差距明显缩小乃至不再显著;学习动机的解释力度最大,尤其是“努力解决学习中的问题”与“喜欢阅读与专业相关的书籍”这两项与内在动机相关的行为表征;就业焦虑对本科生在线自我调节学习有显著的负面效应;加入交互项之后的回归结果支持学习动机这一潜在变量的调节作用,进而揭示未来对家庭第一代大学生在线学习的有效干预可侧重于内在动机的激发。 相似文献
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经济资助方式对农村第一代大学生学业发展的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文旨在考察经济资助和农村第一代大学生学业发展间的联系,以期更好地理解经济资助对学生学业成就的影响.基于汀托的学生整合分析理论、比恩的学生资助双重效应理论和实证数据发现,高校学生资助与农村第一代大学生学业发展间存在关联性和特定的影响机制:学生资助在直接促进农村第一代大学生学业成就提升的同时,分别通过调整经济压力、强化学术融入、增加专业兴趣、促进社会融入等不同路径,间接影响农村第一代大学生的学业成就.此外,不同类型资助方式的影响程度存在较大差异,而且影响机制各不相同. 相似文献
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鲍威陈亚晓 《北京大学教育评论》2015,(2):80-96
本文旨在考察经济资助和农村第一代大学生学业发展间的联系,以期更好地理解经济资助对学生学业成就的影响。基于汀托的学生整合分析理论、比恩的学生资助双重效应理论和实证数据发现,高校学生资助与农村第一代大学生学业发展问存在关联性和特定的影响机制:学生资助在直接促进农村第一代大学生学业成就提升的同时,分别通过调整经济压力、强化学术融入、增加专业兴趣、促进社会融入等不同路径,间接影响农村第一代大学生的学业成就。此外,不同类型资助方式的影响程度存在较大差异,而且影响机制各不相同。 相似文献
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中国高等教育规模的急速扩张,不仅引发高等教育机构类型的多元化,同时导致学生群体的异质性.与以往来自知识精英或政治精英家庭,以都市户籍为主体的传统高校学生群体不同,来自农村、父母没有接受高等教育经历的弱势群体子女开始进入高等院校,并且其规模逐步扩增.本研究聚焦第一代农村大学生的升学选择、利用2011年首都高校新生调查数据,分析农村第一代大学生在家庭社经背景、入学前学业能力等方面的特征,考察第一代大学生对于其高考成绩的直接和间接的影响路径以及最终升学院校. 相似文献
9.
“学生支持服务”项目是一项美国于20世纪60年代设立的联邦教育项目,旨在通过对第一代大学生等处境不利的学生提供支持服务,有效提高其高等教育成就。在设置理念与性质方面,该项目重视高等教育中的文化因素,采用非经济化的项目准入标准和服务内容,强调形成支持性的文化氛围,以促进处境不利学生的学业成就。在具体设置和运营方面,该项目在国家层面以法律保障项目的地位来运营,由教育部分配项目基金,而具体运作由高校开展,便于为学生提供有针对性的支持服务,三者结合构建了健全的支持体系。“学生支持服务”项目促进了美国高等教育的公平发展与质量提升,其实施经验对于完善我国普及化时代的高等教育学生支持体系有一定借鉴价值。 相似文献
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采用积极心理学领域的发展资源模型与一般健康问卷对681名苏州地区在读大学生展开调查,数据表明,第一代大学生与非第一代大学生的发展资源存在显著差异,且随着受教育程度的提升,差异愈加明显;大学生心理健康受到发展资源多个维度的影响,内部资源对其影响程度更深。根据第一代和非第一代大学生的不同特质,采取相应举措针对性地提升他们的发展资源和心理健康水平,对弥补第一代大学生的外显性及内隐性劣势、促进高等教育公平具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
This study investigates differences in academic engagement and retention between first-generation and non-first-generation undergraduate students. Utilizing the Student Experience in the Research University survey of 1864 first-year students at a large, public research university located in the United States, this study finds that first-generation students have lower academic engagement (as measured by the frequency with which students interacted with faculty, contributed to class discussions, brought up ideas from different courses during class discussions, and asked insightful questions in class) and lower retention as compared to non-first-generation students. Recommendations that higher education faculty can follow to promote the academic engagement and retention of first-generation students are addressed. 相似文献
12.
In this article, we contribute to understanding of the mechanisms through which students’ socio-economic family background can translate into academic performance by focusing on the concept of student engagement. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from disciplines across the social sciences, and a major nationally representative dataset from Australia, which links survey responses with administrative records on school performance, we conduct a series of multiple regression models to investigate the mediating role of student engagement on the relationship between students’ socio-economic status (SES) and academic achievement. We find that, first, low-SES students show lower levels of engagement than other students, particularly in terms of behavioural and cognitive aspects; they also have lower achievement levels as measured by standardised test scores. We further find that lower engagement is associated with lower achievement levels, and that the effects of SES on achievement are partially mediated through student engagement. Although there are clearly other mechanisms in place that operate at the same time, it is important to focus on student engagement since it can be directly influenced by teachers and school leaders, as well as curriculum choices and school resources. This makes it a ripe target for government policies aimed at improving educational outcomes for students from low-SES families, compared with approaches targeting the influences of family environment or peer groups. 相似文献
13.
This ethnographic case study examined first-year, first-generation, low-income Latino/a college students’ social experiences and familial support during their transition from a charter high school to four-year universities. Through interviews and observations, we found that maintaining communication and building relationships among high school and college peers, high school faculty and staff, and college professors were essential to navigating the educational system; also, having a family that supported their academic work to allow students to only focus on their coursework was important. 相似文献
14.
为探讨大学生学业情绪与学习投入之间的关系,以及学业自我效能感在其中的中介作用,采用学习投入量表(UWES-S)、大学生学业情绪量表和学业自我效能感量表对1030名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)大学生学习投入普遍处于中等水平;(2)学习投入与积极活动定向学业情绪、积极结果定向学业情绪、消极结果定向学业情绪以及学业自我效能感均呈显著正相关,与消极活动定向学业情绪呈显著负相关。(3)学业自我效能感在积极活动定向学业情绪、积极结果定向学业情绪、消极活动定向学业情绪与学习投入之间起部分中介作用,在消极结果定向学业情绪与学习投入之间不存在中介作用。 相似文献
15.
University entry is a time of great change for students. The extent to which students are able to effectively navigate such change likely has an impact on their success in university. In the current study, we examined this by way of adaptability, the extent to which students’ adaptability is associated with their behavioural engagement at university, and the extent to which both are associated with subsequent academic achievement. A conceptual model reflecting this pattern of predicted relations was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. First-year undergraduate students (N = 186) were surveyed for their adaptability and behavioural engagement at the beginning of their first year. Following this, students’ academic achievement was obtained from university records at the end of Semester 1 and 2 of first-year university. Findings showed that adaptability was associated with greater positive behavioural engagement (persistence, planning, and task management) and lower negative behavioural engagement (disengagement and self-handicapping). Moreover, negative behavioural engagement was found to inversely predict academic achievement in Semester 1, which predicted academic achievement in Semester 2. The educational implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
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17.
《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):270-290
Few researchers have considered the influence of school context, an important construct at earlier ages, on late adolescents' college adjustment. In a sample of second-semester freshmen (N = 266), the authors explored associations between a sense of school belonging and academic and psychological adjustment. Students' reports of belonging at the university as well as in high school were both significant in predicting current academic (e.g., grades, academic competence) and psychological adjustment (i.e., self-worth, internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors), even after controlling for other important demographic and relationship factors. Last, the authors found that parental education (i.e., whether the participant was a first-generation college student) interacted with high school belonging in predicting externalizing problem behaviors. 相似文献
18.
AbstractEducational stakeholders have long known that students might not be fully engaged when taking an achievement test and that such disengagement could undermine the inferences drawn from observed scores. Thanks to the growing prevalence of computer-based tests and the new forms of metadata they produce, researchers have developed and validated procedures for using item response times to identify responses to items that are likely disengaged. In this study, we examine the impact of two techniques to account for test disengagement—(a) removing unengaged test takers from the sample and (b) adjusting test scores to remove rapidly guessed items—on estimates of school contributions to student growth, achievement gaps, and summer learning loss. Our results indicate that removing disengaged examinees from the sample will likely induce bias in the estimates, although as a whole accounting for disengagement had minimal impact on the metrics we examined. Last, we provide guidance for policy makers and evaluators on how to account for disengagement in their own work and consider the promise and limitations of using achievement test metadata for related purposes. 相似文献