AP2在植物花发育中的功能简述

AP2基因作为调控植物花发育的功能性基因,参与花分生特性建立、花器官的特性特化以及形成调控。AP2基因不但自身对植物花、胚珠的发育进行调控,而且与其他因子相互协作,共同来参与到复杂的花发育的调控网络。本文将对AP2基因在花发育中的作用进行简单的概述。     

影响水稻花发育的MADS-box基因研究进展

水稻是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,在我国水稻的栽种也有几千年的历史。作为一年生的禾本科植物,它也是研究单子叶植物的模式生物。水稻的产量与生殖器官的发育息息相关,近年来,对水稻花序的发育的研究越来越多,尤其对控制花器官的发育的基因研究更为深入。MADS-box基因对花器官的发育具有重要的调控作用。本文阐述了MADS-BOX基因的起源,结构,功能以及最近研究者对影响水稻花器官发育的基因的研究,并对其将来的深入研究进行了展望。     

小麦抗病关键生物技术研究获突破

<正>中科院遗传与发育生物学所高彩霞课题组和微生物研究所邱金龙课题组紧密合作,利用最新的基因组编辑技术,首次在六倍体小麦中对MLO基因的三个拷贝同时进行了突变,获得了对白粉病具有广谱抗性的小麦材料。该研究利用TALEN和CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术实现了对小麦MLO基因的定向突变,且诱导的突变在小麦里可以稳定遗传到后代,并符合孟德尔遗传规律。突变体材料经过一代或两代     

春暖花开为哪般

为什么春天开花的植物知道在什么时候开花?通过两个研究小组的努力,这个谜终于得到了解释。研究的结果刊登在《自然》杂志上。许多不在赤道地区生长的植物是通过一个叫做春化作用的过程做好开花准备的,这个过程需要持续暴露在低温环境下。这一过程和一种叫FLC的蛋白质有关。该蛋白质可通过抑制发芽所需的生化通道来阻止开花的过程。冬天低温的天气激活了三个基因———VRN1、VRN2和VRN3,这三个基因阻止了FLC的形成,因而启动了开花的过程。春天的时候,当花成熟、气温上升之后,这三个基因便“关闭”,FLC蛋白质便阻止更多的花芽生成。…     

被子植物系统学中花发育研究的进展及对今后研究的思考

从花发育研究的方法、花发育与被子植物花部结构的多样性、花发育与被子植物的系统发育以及 花发育的分子遗传学等四个方面对近年来被子植物系统学中花发育研究的主要进展作一综述,例举了  一些重要结果。同时,对该领域今后研究的方向和应注意的一些问题作了简要评论。作者认为植物的 形态结构可以看作是一个时空过程,在系统学研究中对花部性状的分析和认识应该树立动态的观点。 今后应该从动态的角度开展被子植物花的发生和发育以及性状在不同类群间的比较等方面的广泛研究,并加强对在被子植物花的起源和演化中起重要作用的花部同源异型现象的发育过程的观察。     

自然科学总论

蝴蝶兰花发育相关基因pPI9的克隆与表达分析CloningandExpressionAnalysisofaPhalaenopsisFlowering-relatedgenepPI9郭滨陈东红戴薇魏星明凤摘要:为研究具有复杂而特异花型的蝴蝶兰花发育的分子机制,利用RT-PCR方法从蝴蝶兰花瓣总RNA中分离出834bp长的cDNA片断.序列分析表明,该cDNA片断与拟南芥的PI基因有60%的同源性,命名为pPI9.它包含一个开放阅读框,具有编码24.5ku蛋白质的能力.推导的氨基酸序列中,N端包含一个完整的MADS盒,C端有明显的PI基序.半定量PCR结果表明该基因只在植株的生殖器官中表达,而在营养器官中不表达,…     

植物与植物生态

开发方法助力小麦等大基因组作物核心基因组低成本组装及新基因挖掘中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心/植物生理生态研究所张一婧研究组与中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所童依平研究组合作,开发并优化实验与计算流程,实现低成本组装小麦等大基因组作物的核心基因组。研究论文发表于Nucleic Acids Research。植物高度的遗传多态性为分子育种提供了丰富的遗传资源,确定重要农艺性状的根本方法在于比较不同群体或比较     

域外传真

野生麦“营养”基因可借助培养营养含量更高小麦美国研究人员发现,野生小麦含有一种“营养”基因,若培育得当,可借助这种基因提高小麦中蛋白质、锌和铁的含量,为人类提供营养含量更高的食物来源。     

小麦矮杆基因研究进展

文章从矮秆基因的种类、遗传特性、作用、分子标记及其对农艺性状的影响等方面综述了小麦矮秆基因的研究和利用情况。     

我国小麦基因组研究跨入世界先进行列

<正>我研究人员在国际上率先完成了小麦A基因组的供体——乌拉尔图小麦和小麦D基因组供体种——粗山羊草基因组草图的绘制,结束了小麦没有全基因组序列的历史,标志着我国小麦基因组研究跨入了世界先进行列。这是中国农业大学承担,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所、中国农业科学院作物科学研究所参与的"十二五"863计划现代农业技术领域课题"小麦A、D基因组深度测序和抗病功能基因组"取得的重要进展。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.