中学数学教师认识信念系统量表的编制与信效度检验

在理论研究的基础上构建中学数学教师认识信念系统模型.通过维度设计,项目选编、评估、编码、鉴别度分析、可读性评价等一系列过程编制和修订《中学数学教师认识信念系统量表》,并进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,探讨量表内部结构.结果表明各维度与量表的整体概念一致并且具有独立的结构内涵.采用结构方程模型方法比较最初的理论模型和3个竞争模型,发现中学数学教师认识信念系统的结构与原有的理论构想五成分结构不完全一致,它是建立在该五因素模型基础之上的二阶因素模型.5个一阶因素分别是关于数学知识、数学学习、数学教学、学生和教师自身的认识信念,其上,可以概括出2个二阶因素:与数学学科教学相关的认识信念和关于师生的认识信念.     

Educators' Beliefs About Risk and Prevention: The Context for Changing Practice

This study describes the results of a survey of beliefs about risk, prevention, and early school failure held by a sample of highly experienced educators in the state of Virginia. The results indicate that risk is a widely used concept and have varied meanings, many of which are only marginally related to prevention and early intervention. There appears to be a gap between what educators identify as risk factors for early school failure and what they perceive to be the role of the schools in reducing early school failure. Finally, despite misconceptions regarding the concepts of risk and prevention, educators appear open to service delivery systems based on these concepts. The results are discussed in terms of the possible need to address educators' beliefs about risk and prevention prior to attempting to change practice.     

Educators' Beliefs About Risk and Prevention: The Context for Changing Practice

This study describes the results of a survey of beliefs about risk, prevention, and early school failure held by a sample of highly experienced educators in the state of Virginia. The results indicate that risk is a widely used concept and have varied meanings, many of which are only marginally related to prevention and early intervention. There appears to be a gap between what educators identify as risk factors for early school failure and what they perceive to be the role of the schools in reducing early school failure. Finally, despite misconceptions regarding the concepts of risk and prevention, educators appear open to service delivery systems based on these concepts. The results are discussed in terms of the possible need to address educators' beliefs about risk and prevention prior to attempting to change practice.     

Developing a Scale of Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help: Validity and Reliability Analyses

The present study was conducted to develop the scale for Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help (ASPH). Four dimensions of ASPH were determined by using factor analysis, which was conducted with 356 participants. The dimensions were named as confidence for getting psychological help; beliefs about the functions of psychological help; endurance against labelling, and self-disclosure. Reliability coefficient was found as satisfactory in the scale (.88) and subscales (.76, .77, .76, and .68). Test-retest reliability was .99. Validity of the scale was examined by using discriminant validity analysis and it was observed as sufficient. The results of the study showed that ASPH has an identifiable factor structure and it is a reliable and valid scale.     

Reliability and Validity of a Hebrew Version of the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Hebrew version of Kogan's (1961 Kogan , N. ( 1961 ). Attitudes Toward Old People: The development of a scale and an examination of correlates . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 ( 1 ), 44 – 54 . doi: 10.1037/h0048053 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Attitudes Toward Old People scale. A self-administered questionnaire in Hebrew was given to a convenience sample of 300 people under the age of 65 who resided in three neighborhoods in Tel Aviv. The Hebrew version of the Attitudes toward Old People scale demonstrated good psychometric properties. Internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha was high (α = .89). Factor analysis showed five loading factors. The Israeli version of the scale was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the general population's attitudes toward older people. It can be a useful instrument for studies in Israel as well as for cross-national and comparative studies to assess the degree of ageism towards older people.     

Evaluating Playfulness: Construct Validity of the Children's Playfulness Scale

This study was designed to examine the underlying structure of the Children's Playfulness Scale (CPS). The CPS was administered to 602 children who were randomly divided into two groups (calibration and validation group). The calibration group (n= 279) included 137 boys and 142 girls, and the validation group (n= 323) included 162 boys and 161 girls, ranging in age from 4 to 6 years. A one-factor model was postulated and supported. According to the model, 5 variables measuring children's playfulness loaded on one factor (playfulness). In addition, the proposed model was found to be invariant across the two groups. Good cross-generalizability of the CPS appears to support its validity. Educators working in a preschool/kindergarten setting may use it with confidence when evaluating children's playfulness.     

信念、态度、行为:教师文化建构的三个维度

信念、态度、行为是构成文化的三个有机构成要素。就教师文化来说,教师的信念处于其中的最深层次,它是无形的,只有通过教师的态度所起的中介作用,才能在教师的行为上得以显现。教师的信念、态度、行为以及这三个要素相互之间的关系,是审视与剖析教师文化构建机制的一把钥匙。衡量教师文化是否生成,关键要看教师信念是否确立,并体现为信念引领下积极的工作态度以及与态度相对应的外在行为方式。教师文化构建应重在确立教师的崇高信念,形成教师的积极态度,并最终内化为教师的自觉行为。     

马基雅维利主义人格量表的信、效度分析

为考察马基雅维利主义人格量表(MPS)在大学生群体中的适用性,以481名武汉市大学生为被试,对 MPS 进行因素分析和效、信度检验,结果显示:(1)项目分析后保留16个项目,探索性因素分析抽取4个因素,各因子及项目归属与原问卷一致,4个因子可解释总变异的52.064%.(2)验证性因素分析显示4因素模型拟合良好;MPS 总分与各因子和人格特质、操纵策略相关显著.(3)内部一致性信度为0.727-0.831,重测信度为0.715-0.837.据此认为:MPS 中文版信、效度良好     

A Survey of Teacher Attitudes and Beliefs Related to Educational Computing

No abstract available for this article.     

Argument as Professional Development: Impacting Teacher Knowledge and Beliefs About Science

Using a case study method, the experiences of a group of high school science teachers participating in a unique professional development method involving an argue-to-learn intervention were examined. The participants (N?=?42) represented 25 different high schools from a large urban school district in the southwestern United States. Data sources included a multiple-choice science content test and artifacts from a capstone argument project. Findings indicate although it was intended for the curriculum to be a robust and sufficient collection of evidence, participant groups were more likely to use the Web to find unique evidence than to they were to use the provided materials. Content knowledge increased, but an issue with teacher conceptions of primary data was identified, as none of the participants chose to use any of their experimental results in their final arguments. The results of this study reinforce multiple calls for science curricula that engage students (including teachers as students) in the manipulation and questioning of authentic data as a means to better understanding complex socioscientific issues and the nature of science.     

Preservice Teachers' Beliefs About Family Involvement: Implications for Teacher Education

Teacher educators have long recognized the importance of adequately preparing preservice teachers for their work with families. Preservice teachers express many concerns that they believe may impact the development of comfortable and collaborative relationships with members of children's families. In a previous study, the authors found that preservice teachers expressed concerns about the quality of the teacher–family relationship, meeting children's basic needs in school, and the role of parents in education. These concerns, along with some recommendations for incorporating family involvement across the teacher education curriculum, are the focus of this article.     

Writing Development Over Time: Examining Preservice Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs About Writing

Since writing ability has been found to be a key indicator of school success and successful participation in the workplace, it is important for preservice teachers to receive effective preparation in the area of writing. Reflecting on personal writing experiences allows preservice teachers to examine their own attitudes and beliefs about writing and the effects their attitudes and beliefs may have on their pedagogical decisions in the future. This article describes the findings from two focus groups conducted with preschool and elementary preservice teachers during which participants examined their attitudes towards writing that have developed over time and their plans for future writing instruction. The following three broad themes emerged related to key influences in the development of positive and negative attitudes towards writing: (a) having writing published or showcased increases positive attitudes towards writing, (b) creative opportunities and process-oriented teaching strategies provide the most meaningful writing experiences, and (c) negative feedback from teachers adversely impacts self-confidence in writing skills and leads to negative attitudes towards writing. Three themes related to views of writing instruction and pedagogical decisions for the future also emerged from the focus groups. These were: (a) embedding writing opportunities throughout the day helps provide quality writing instruction, (b) preservice teachers who struggle with writing mechanics are hesitant about teaching these skills to their future students, and (c) preservice teachers do not agree on one specific methodology for teaching writing or the amount of time that they will teach writing in the future.     

Assessing teachers’ multicultural and egalitarian beliefs: The Teacher Cultural Beliefs Scale

The article describes the newly developed Teacher Cultural Beliefs Scale (TCBS). The TCBS assesses multicultural and egalitarian beliefs about diversity, both of which reflect favorable attitudes toward immigrant students, but differ with regard to how cultural diversity is believed to be best accommodated in schools. Results from a first study with 433 beginning teachers supported the two-factor structure and the measurement invariance of the scale. Results from a second study with 340 teacher candidates and educational science students showed that proponents of multiculturalism and egalitarianism shared a motivation to control prejudiced reactions, but that they differed in their views on acculturation, prejudices, and authoritarianism.     

大学生情景宽恕量表的修订及信效度检验

以中国大学生为被试,采用实证研究方式,对Rye等人开发的情景宽恕量表(FS)进行修订。通过对1007名被试的数据进行探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析以及相关分析后发现,情景宽恕量表有三个维度:消极反应的消除、怀有积极反应和自我关注的消除。修订后的量表具有较好的内部一致性信度,同时也显示了较好的结构效度和实证效度。     

中文版大学生被看重量感量表的信效度检验

目的：引进及修订大学生被看重感量表,并检验其信效度。方法：使用UniversityMatteringScale（uMS）的中文译本,对612名大学生进行测试,通过验证性因素分析检验该量表的构念效度,使用学业自我效能感量表、社交适当担忧量表、中文版学校归属感量表检验其效标效度。结果：中文版大学生被看重感量表是一个3因素结构,各维度的内部一致性分别为觉察0．73、重要0．83、依赖0．70;大学生被看重感与学业自我效能感、学校归属感呈正相关,与社交适当担忧呈负相关（p〈0．01）。结论：中文版大学生被看重感量表具有较好的信效度。     

Differences in Competence and Beliefs About Autism Among Teacher Education Students

Students with autism often are placed in general education classrooms, indicating general education teachers should be prepared to meet these students' needs. This survey study of teacher education students examined differences in educational training, beliefs about autism, and competence working with students with autism, according to college level and major area of study. Results showed that teacher education students held accurate beliefs about most aspects of autism, but they demonstrated misconceptions about special, gifted abilities. Secondary teacher education students were less likely to demonstrate accurate beliefs about the social emotional features of autism over the course of their training. General education teachers reported a lack of competence working with students with autism and believed additional training was needed. Findings suggested ongoing preservice training is needed to foster accurate beliefs about autism and competence working with students with autism.     

中文版拖延元认知问卷的信效度检验

为了修订拖延元认知问卷（MBPQ）,对其进行结构分析并进行信效度检验,共选取某大学各年级学生870名,进行项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和校标关联效度分析。结果显示：修订后的MBPQ共12个项目,具有对拖延的“积极元认知信念”和“消极元认知信念”两个维度,每个维度各有6个项目,共可解释46.19%的总变异;验证性因素分析验证了二维度结构模型。总量表的内部一致性信度为0.669,积极元认知信念和消极元认知信念两个维度的内部一致性信度分别是0.723和0.790。效标关联效度分析发现,积极拖延元认知与消极拖延元认知与拖延行为和时间管理倾向有显著相关。结果表明,修订后的拖延元认知问卷在大学生群体中具有较高的信度和效度,可作为测量大学生拖延元认知态度的有效工具。