港台作家作品中的熟语变异现象之我见

用普通话写作的港台作家作品中所用的熟语受到港台话的影响而发生变异。本讨论共同语的熟语在港台话中的语形变异和语义变异，提出并讨论其变异的方式，以求其沟通普通话和港台话对同义或同形熟语的相互理解。     

钦州湾表层海水温度盐度及pH值时空变化

根据2009年春夏秋冬4个季节调查资料,分析钦州湾表层海水温度、盐度及pH值的季节变化和分布特征。结果表明：钦州湾海水平均温度春季20．4℃,夏季30．1℃,秋季16．0℃,冬季14．6℃,变化特征与气温的季节变化相同,空间分布为夏秋季河口区的水温都略高于湾口区,而春冬季则相反。海水平均盐度春季20．067,夏季17．975,秋季23．864,冬季23．660,表现为秋季〉冬季〉春季〉夏季,各季节空间分布总体表现为河口区低,湾口区高的趋势。海水pH平均值春季7．82,夏季8．11,秋季8．01,冬季8．10,全年空间分布高值区均出现在大风江口外海域。钦州湾海水比较适宜大蚝、对虾、文蛤等广温广盐性品种的海水养殖。     

水彩画中的光影魅力

从文艺复兴时期的写实水彩画到当代的趣味性水彩画,光与影一直伴随其间。通过对西方水彩画发展历史的概述和15、16世纪的德国,18、19世纪的英国,20世纪的美国等几个时期在光影处理方面具有鲜明特点的水彩艺术大师的作品分析,研究其光影处理技巧在作品中和所在时期创作中的作用,可以探索光影运用发展的意义,感悟水彩画中的光影魅力。     

公平与均衡：发展中国家教育变革的体制探析

均衡发展是发展教育的本质要求。教育体制在很大程度上直接规定了教育体系存在、运行和发展的基本方式,制约着教育资源的开发、配置以及教育各项社会功能的实现。世界各国教育存在方式和发展模式上的种种不同都相对集中地反映在其教育体制上。文章从体制层面来探析发展中国家的教育变革,力图为发展中国家教育变革的公平与均衡提供体制性保障,促进发展中国家的教育发展。     

杜甫诗歌所叙唐代陇蜀荆湘气候特征

杜甫诗歌具有广义的史学价值。杜甫晚年飘泊诗作的相关描述,较为真实而又全面地反映了唐代陇、蜀、荆、湘沿途城市的气候特征。唐代秦州秋阳杲杲,秋雨迷蒙,秋霜凛冽,秋月凄清,同谷岁暮则雨多雪盛,偶见冬虹;成都四季分明,冷热适中,然时有春旱、夏洪发生;夔州夏秋毒热,巫山雾瘴、云雨、霜雪、雷电变幻莫测;荆州及湖湘东南一带春季早暖,夏季酷热多雨、易发洪水,秋季前热后凉,冬季冷热不均。唐代陇、蜀、荆、湘沿途城市的气候与今天上述各地情况基本相符,杜甫夏秋叹热莫过于夔州与潭州,亦与今天的重庆和长沙同列全国“火炉”城市地位相当。另据杜诗所叙剑门蜀道腊月山花开放,通泉冬季蚊蚋活跃,成都四月黄梅成熟,戎州、泸州六月盛产荔枝,江陵正月嫩荷抽叶、飞燕营巢,潭州正月蜂鸣密林、燕舞江滨,湘潭二月南风蒸地、春热黄昏等情况,唐代陇、蜀、荆、湘一带的年平均气温似应高于今天。     

学术不端的根源、成因及解决对策分析

高校学术不端问题近年来逐渐成为社会焦点问题。对于高校学术不端,主要体现在高校教师和研究生中,高校科研主体存在的学术不端主要体现在剽窃、篡改或伪造数据等方面。高校学术不端对国家创新进程的发展起到了一定的阻碍作用并对社会造成了极大的不良影响。探究高校学术不端的成因、分析其解决对策对当前高校科研发展具有重大意义。     

高校毕业设计存在的问题及对策

毕业设计是高校教学工作中最主要的实践教学环节,是高校教育教学质量的综合反映。加强毕业设计工作的管理,规范毕业设计的程序,有利于促进高校教育教学质量的提高。     

Distributed leadership in practice in Finnish schools

The aim of this study is to explore what aspects the principals and the members of the management teams in the primary and upper secondary education schools in Vantaa support distributed leadership in their school and how necessary they see that distributed leadership is extended to the students in matters concerning the curriculum and the development of teaching practices. The research method was a survey based on a questionnaire of 48 questions, where the respondents evaluated the preconditions of distributed leadership in their school. The principals and members of the management teams in the primary and upper secondary schools in Vantaa see distributed leadership mostly as delegation of predetermined tasks than the interaction among leaders, followers and situations. The results strengthen the view of distributed leadership as a phenomenon which in its primitive form can be seen in the official structures of the school and as delegation based on a formal position in the more advanced view distributed leadership can be seen as interaction among the management team and in the situations in the official and unofficial structures of the school.     

关良京剧人物画中笔墨造型的独特性

关良先生是中国近现代画坛不可或缺的绘画大师,尤其表现在其戏曲人物画中及具特色的笔墨造型风格当中。在造型上,他主张造型简练和明确,利用几何型、内外穿插型以及变形在画面中的交叉运用,使画面丰富且又有韵味,简洁化的笔墨给人一种近似儿童般的天真,同时笔、墨、色在造型中的不同表现更加体现出其造型的独特性。     

THE MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF EDUCATION,RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY−THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE

This article examines the multidimensionality of education, research, and training in gerontology through a discussion of the significance and implications of developments in this area based on the Israeli scene. The discussion focuses on the issue of whether gerontology is an academic discipline based on the development of specialized knowledge, along with education and training, in a distinct academic framework, or whether it constitutes part of professional training in a variety of academic fields. The article begins with a presentation of milestones in the development of gerontology in Israel, focusing mainly on social gerontology. It then offers a definition of an academic discipline and of a profession and distinguishes between them by examining the development of curricula in the field of aging in two contexts: social work studies, on the one hand, and specialization in gerontology toward a Master's degree in this area at Haifa and Ben-Gurion Universities, on the other. A model is presented that examines the mutuality among the evolutions in technology, demography, and information, and their significance in the development of standards in education, training, and the dissemination of gerontological knowledge.     

商城起义的特点与历史贡献

商城起义是土地革命早期大别山地区继黄麻起义之后又一次具有重要影响的武装起义,是河南省在大革命失败后首次取得成功的一次武装起义,是奠定鄂豫皖革命根据地的黄麻、商城、六霍三大武装起义的重要组成部分,在三大起义中具有承前启后的重要作用。商城起义也是土地革命早期河南、湖北两省地方党组织跨省协作、周密部署、共同参与领导的一次农民武装起义的成功范例,是一次具有兵运性质的农民武装起义,将兵运与农运有机结合的成功范例,是将社会关系网络运用于革命斗争、服务革命大局的成功范例。商城起义的成功,改变了大别山地区敌我斗争的格局,壮大了鄂豫皖革命斗争的力量,为中国革命做出了重大贡献。这次起义建立了河南省第一支正规红军部队,建立了河南省第一个县级人民政权——商城县苏维埃政府,创建了河南省第一个稳固的革命根据地,有力地推动了大别山地区革命斗争的进一步发展,为统一的鄂豫皖革命根据地的形成创造了有利条件。     

求真务实是当代中国马克思主义大众化的根本方法

求真务实是当代中国马克思主义大众化的根本方法。追求科学真理,坚持和发展当代中国马克思主义是当代中国马克思主义大众化的保障;明辨理论是非,学习和掌握当代中国马克思主义是当代中国马克思主义大众化的前提;解答现实问题,正确运用当代中国马克思主义是当代中国马克思主义大众化的实质。     

岳麓书院秦简三年《质日》初探

笔者根据《岳麓书院藏秦简.壹》中《廿七年质日》、《卅四年质日》、《卅五年私质日》,论述其形制、内容、笔误和共同特点,与里耶秦简、周家台秦简等相关记录做了比较。经过总结其共性,结合较有代表性的汉代历谱简册,与里耶秦简、周家台三十号秦墓竹简比对后,就秦汉历谱简册形制、避秦始皇名讳、未注气、非实用历谱等问题做了初步探讨。我们认为,《岳麓书院秦简.壹》三年《质日》既非实用历谱,亦非日记,而是带有历谱格式的官员纪事册。     

当代文学与对外汉语文化教学

文学是文化的重要组成部分,现当代文学课对留学生文化知识的积累及语言交际能力的养成有着积极的作用。目前,以中国文学作为对外汉语文化教学内容的课程中,普遍存在重古代文学轻现当代文学,而现当代文学中重现代文学轻当代文学的倾向。事实证明留学生对当下中国的现实和鲜活俗白的语言最感兴趣,不论从语言难度还是内容呈现方面考虑,留学生现当代文学课都应该先由当代文学入手。而当代文学部分,要加大新世纪文学教学比重和分量。     

Quality assurance in Australian higher education: historical and future development

Higher education policies related to quality assurance are implemented in many countries. The purposes of such policies are to ensure the provision for high-quality education, university accountability and transparency in the use of public funding and meeting the needs of the diverse stakeholders. The current Australian Higher Education Quality Assurance Framework was implemented in the year 2000. It can be described that the framework has been enjoyed by universities, academics and other providers in Australia. This paper provides a brief history of quality assurance, its evolution in higher education in Australia and current changes and trends in quality assurance in other developed countries. It then provides an analysis of the success and deficiencies of the current framework used in Australia and suggestions which may be helpful in the development of the new framework. The analysis includes the thoughts of the three authors based on their experience in managing quality and reviews in seven different institutions and the views of more than 40 participants who are staff members from 25 Australian universities.     

Spatial distribution of Cd and Cu in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area （SZIA）, China

Heavy metal contamination of soils, derived from sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides, and so on, has been of wide concern in the last several decades. The Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA) in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd and Cu in soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd and Cu in soils were modeled using Kriging methods. The results show that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd and Cu contamination in soils. The mean and the maximum of soil Cd are markedly higher than the levels in second grade standard soil (LSGSS) in China, and the maximum of soil Cu is close to the LSGSS in China in 2004 and is more than the LSGSS in China in 1990. The contamination magnitude of soil Cd and the soil extent of Cd con- tamination had evidently increased since sewage irrigation ceased in 1992. The contamination magnitude of soil Cu and the soil extent of Cu contamination had evidently increased in topsoil, but obviously decresed in subsoil. The soil contamination of Cd and Cu was mainly related to Cd and Cu reactivation of contaminated sediments in Shenyang Xi River and the import of Cd and Cu during irrigation. The eluviation of Cd and Cu in contaminated topsoil with rainfall and irrigation water was another factor of temporal-spatial variability of Cd and Cu contamination in soils.     

Do learning environments differ across subjects and nations: Case studies in Hawaii and Singapore using the WIHIC questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to survey a sample of high school students in Hawaii and Singapore about what they perceive to be helpful aspects of classroom environments in their learning of science and humanities subjects. The What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire was administered in the fall of 2003 to 73 high school students in Hawaii and 70 high school students in Singapore. These students were asked to respond to statements that focused on their actual and preferred environments in science and humanities classes for the three dimensions of learning environments of student cohesiveness, student involvement, and task orientation in the actual and preferred classroom. Principal component analyses were conducted separately for the data collected in the science and the humanities classes to make sure that the questions represented the anticipated factors in each of these two subject areas. A three-way multivariate analysis of variance was also conducted for all three dimensions of learning environments for differences in scores on items in the WIHIC questionnaire for the actual classroom subtracted from scores for the preferred learning environment. Results of this test revealed that the primary difference between students in high schools in Hawaii and Singapore was that students in the high schools in Hawaii wanted more student cohesiveness and involvement than the students in high schools in Singapore regardless of the subject. Another interesting finding was in the dimension of task orientation, for which the interaction between student nationality and subject was statistically significant.     

浙江小城镇发展中的主要问题和对策研究

改革开放以来，浙江的小城镇建设发展迅速，推动了农村城镇化的进程和农村经济的发展，增加了农民的收入。浙江小城镇发展中存在的主要问题是数量多、规模小，小城镇城市化水平低，聚集功能弱等。进一步促进浙江小城镇发展必须采取多管齐下的对策与措施。     

儿童心理理论能力中的特质理解研究

儿童特质理解是其心理理论能力中的一个重要组成部分。文章对近年来国内外有关儿童特质理解的研究进行了梳理和总结,介绍了儿童特质理解的获得、儿童对于不同特质的理解以及运用特质去推理预测行为和心理状态的研究成果。在探讨今后特质理解的研究方向时,文章提出应关注三个方向的研究问题:社会交往与亲子互动对儿童特质理解的影响、特殊儿童的特质理解以及特质理解的研究方法等。     

中学数学课外活动的组织与实施

探讨了中学组织实施数学课外活动的途径和方法．首先，分析了数学课外活动的基本特点．其次，确立了开展中学数学课外活动应遵循的基本原则，并提出了中学数学课外活动的实施模式中学数学课外活动的组织与实施应以年级为单位，按学生的程度、志趣和愿望设置不同的活动小组，采取分类指导的方式进行．最后，研究了中学数学课外活动的评价，包括对数学课外活动的组织工作的评价和学生参与数学课外活动的表现及其效果的评价．