Mature Graduates I: Occupational attainment and the effects of labour market duration

This paper examines occupational attainment among mature graduates as compared with early graduates using data from the General Household Survey (GHS) (1982-1993). These surveys yielded a sample of 1025 mature men and 654 mature women graduates; 5365 men and 3465 women graduates at the conventional age. Mature graduates now compose about one quarter of the undergraduate population and it is believed that the level of mature participation will remain high. It was found that although mature graduates are disadvantaged on entry to the labour market, after about 15 years they have similar attainment to early graduates. Mature graduates primarily work in the public and welfare services, while conventional age graduates increasingly work in the private sector, with rising percentages of both women and men in the financial and business services sector. The concentration of mature graduates in the public sector has consequences for pay, which is discussed in the light of the current student funding system.     

Mature Graduates II: Occupational attainment and the effects of social class

This paper compares occupational attainment among mature graduates, both male and female, from working-class origins with outcomes for mature graduates from middle-class origins. Data from the General Household Survey, (1982-1992) was used yielding 4265 male and 2869 female early graduates, 700 male, and 448 female, mature graduates. It was found that proportionately more people from working-class than middle-class origins study as adults than at the school leaving stage. Nonetheless, mature graduates from middle-class origins still outnumber those from working-class origins. However, it was found that people from working-class origins had increased their take-up of higher education as mature students over time and are reaching parity with people from middle-class origins. Working-class mature graduates are more likely to have studied in less prestigious institutions and at an older age than middle-class mature graduates, although the effects are small. These characteristics were associated with lesser occupational attainment. Working-class mature graduates are similar to middle-class mature graduates in appearing to have the faster promotion rates than early graduates, thus making up some initial career disadvantage.     

论金融危机背景下大学生职业价值观的教育引导

随着金融危机影响的加深,大学生就业形势变得更加严峻。大学生的职业价值观直接影响着他们的择业和就业。在金融危机背景下加强大学生职业价值观教育引导具有重要意义。     

哪些课程更重要——以某高校计算机专业教师与毕业生评价为例

文章通过对某高校计算机专业教师和本科毕业生的实证研究发现:继续深造和直接就业的毕业生在课程的认识上明显不同,教师认为对毕业生重要的课程与继续深造的毕业生在认识上是正相关的,直接就业的毕业生则与教师在认识上存在较大差异。要使毕业生具有可持续发展能力,专业的课程建设应该做到既立足当前,更面向未来。     

完善以失业登记为基础的待就业毕业生跟踪与支持体系

以失业登记为基础构建待就业毕业生跟踪与支持体系,不仅能够充分发挥社会劳动就业保障部门的优势来服务毕业生就业,而且能够全面、准确、动态地反映毕业生的待就业状况,克服目前统计数据的缺陷。然而,毕业生失业登记的实际状况却差强人意。要进一步完善登记办法,增强失业登记毕业生的扶持内涵,使之符合毕业生的特点与需要。更要着力转变社会、家长和毕业生的观念,形成对毕业生就业、失业登记的理性认知,这是推进待就业毕业生失业登记的思想基础。     

广东省高校毕业生就业择业期政策研究

当前,随着毕业生总量的逐年上升,有些毕业生暂时不就业,形成慢就业现象。95后毕业生初入职场,毕业生毕业后两年内更换工作的比例也很高。但毕业生一旦离开学校,就失去应届毕业生身份,只能以社会人员身份参加各类招考,想要通过二次择业提高就业质量存在一定的困难。为缓解毕业生就业压力,2019年广东省出台高校毕业生就业择业期政策,...     

提高研究生教育质量的对策分析

本文针对我国高等学校研究生扩招所带来的问题,详细分析了影响研究生培养质量的因素,并结合我校研究生培养工作,较为系统地探讨了高等学校改进研究生培养工作及保障研究生培养质量的方法和措施。     

促进大学毕业生就业需要着重解决的问题

大学毕业生“就业难”是当前人力资源市场存在的一个普遍性问题。大学毕业生“就业难”的本质原因是大学毕业生就业的市场机制尚未真正形成并发挥有效作用,不平等就业是促进大学毕业生就业的首要障碍。促进大学毕业生就业应在尊重市场机制的基础上,围绕供给、需求、匹配三个关键环节,着重解决如下问题：大学毕业生应当树立为祖国的富强建功立业的远大志向,确立正确的劳动观和择业观,政府应当深化大学毕业生就业制度改革,继续扩大用工需求,推进以提升大学毕业生就业能力为核心任务的高等教育改甍,增强大学毕业生就业服备的匹配性。     

Science of Education

ABSTRACT

With more students pursuing university, it becomes essential for high schools to provide training that maximizes their graduates’ success. There is debate over whether an extra year of high school better prepares students for university. The authors used a nationally representative survey to contrast academic and employment outcomes between high school graduates of Grade 12 and Grade 13. Results suggest that Grade 13 graduates obtain higher grades in high school, are more likely to pursue university, and are less likely to be employed full time compared with Grade 12 graduates. Among students enrolled in university, Grade 13 graduates report higher grades in university and satisfaction with their program and do not transfer out of their programs compared to Grade 12 graduates. These findings highlight the importance of an additional year of high school to produce better prepared and more satisfied graduates.     

大学毕业生就业质量的性别差异：基于多群组结构方程模型的分析

应用对陕西省77所不同类型和层次高校16510名大学毕业生的调查数据,采用多群组结构方程模型方法分析了大学毕业生就业质量的性别差异及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)在工作特征满意度、职业匹配度和就业总体满意度等维度的就业质量测量指标上多数存在显著的性别差异。女生感知的就业单位的职位、地理位置和稳定性等工作特征满意度和职业匹配度、就业整体满意度水平要显著高于男生。(2)性别因素对于大学生的就业质量及其与影响因素之间的关系具有重要的调节作用。据此提出三点政策建议:(1)大学生的职业规划越早开展越好,较高的职业匹配度有助于提升大学毕业生的就业质量;(2)根据不同性别大学毕业生对就业单位工作特征的要求,有针对性地提供更适宜的职业岗位;(3)加大对大学毕业生就业的相关政策和就业指导的针对性、有效性和贯彻落实力度,实现更充分更高质量的就业。     

进一步规范和完善大学生就业服务体系

高校毕业生就业所面临的形势日趋严峻,已引起各级政府和各类高校的普遍重视,如何进一步规范和完善大学生就业服务体系具有重大的现实意义,通过加快高校就业信息网的建设,建立完善法律法规教育咨询服务体系,加强诚信教育等来进一步拓展大学生就业指导工作。     

Demographic differences in learner response to entrepreneurial education programmes in Pakistan

Recent research on the benefits of entrepreneurship education has tended to ignore or “control out” possible demographic differences in outcomes for entrepreneurship graduates. This paper examines demographic differences in the perceived benefits of different components of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs), entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial intentions of EEP graduates. Data were collected by questionnaire from 348 university EEP graduates in Pakistan. All graduates had strong positive attitudes to becoming entrepreneurs and no demographic differences in entrepreneurial intentions were observed. Nonetheless, females in particular, and graduates with no work experience to a lesser extent, exited the EEPs with lower perceived benefits, particularly in terms of inspiration, and slightly weaker perceived control for entrepreneurship, than males and graduates with some experience. No substantial differences were associated with age or entrepreneurial family background. The authors suggest ways in which EEPs can be more inclusive of female students.     

小教师专毕业生与中师毕业生的心理素质比较研究

比较分析01后小教师专毕业生与中师毕业生的职业心理素质特点与形成原因。主要采用卡特尔16PF对心理素质进行评定，结合其教学实习表现和笔的观察了解。01届小教师专毕业生与中师毕业生在L、Q2、X1、Y3和A、F、H、X2、Y1、Y2等人格特征方面存在显差异，教学实习效果的差分比较明显。01届小教师专毕业生的小学教师职业心理素质与中师毕业生有显的差距，但其基本理论知识水平、对前途的优患意识、人格特征的独立性与创造性发展潜力比中师毕业生有显的优势。主要是由认识与管理等方面的原因造成的。     

Job-related requirements and competences of educational science graduates

All over the world, universities have to cope with the mission to promote the employability of their graduates, implying that competences should be trained which are relevant for the professional experience. In this context, it is of special interest where graduates work and what they are doing at work. In this study we focus on educational science graduates (N = 1565) and compare them to graduates of other study programmes (N = 10,224). Using data of the German DZHW graduate panel 2005 (N = 11,789), we address the questions (1) in which fields graduates of educational science work, (2) whether a theoretical-based four-dimensional internal structure of graduates’ job-related requirements and competences can be confirmed, (3) what kind of self-rated requirements educational science graduates experience at work, and (4) which self-rated levels of competences they possess, compared to other graduates. The analyses show that most graduates of educational science find an appropriate job in a clearly educational setting and that generic competences (systematic, social, and personal competences) are rated as more important than knowledge processing.     

Investment in Higher Education: Do Labor Market Opportunities Differ by Age of Recent College Graduates?

This study examined the post-graduation labor market experiences of recent college graduates for evidence of age-related barriers to employment. Older graduates were considerably less likely than younger graduates to seek new jobs following graduation, but, among those who did, the two age groups showed little difference in their job-seeking behaviors or their susceptibilities to unemployment. Despite these similarities, older graduates, on average, had fewer post-graduation job interviews and fewer job offers than younger graduates. The relationship between age and number of job interviews disappeared after controlling for the effects of other variables, but the relationship between age and number of job offers remained. Nonetheless, older graduates appear to have been employed in better jobs one year after graduation. Their higher average salaries were not explained by sociodemographic, educational, or employment-related variables. Thus, findings are generally inconsistent with the view that older graduates face age-related barriers to employment.     

高职院校毕业生就业现状研究

2011年全国普通高校毕业生近达660万人,比去年增加约30万人。加上往年大量没有实现就业的大学生,今年需要就业的大学毕业生人数再创历史新高。而当前我国的经济结构现状还是以劳动密集型产业为主体,其吸纳高层次人才就业的能力和空间有限,因此,2011年毕业的大学生将面临着巨大的压力,尤其对高职院校的毕业生将带来更严峻的挑战。     

Digital technology and creative arts career patterns in the UK creative economy

In this article, we ask what role both digital and artistic human capital play in the creative economy by examining employment patterns of digital technology (DT) and creative arts and design (CAD) graduates. Using student micro-data collected by the Higher Education Statistical Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom, we investigate the characteristics and location determinants of these graduates. The article deals specifically with understanding how digital and creative skills in the UK are embedded across industries, or are concentrated in creative sub-sectors. Furthermore, it explores the role that these graduates play in each of the different sectors and their financial rewards. Findings suggest that digital technology graduates tend to concentrate in the software and gaming sub-sector of the creative industries, but also are likely to be in embedded creative jobs outside of the creative industries. DT and CAD graduates are more likely to be in a creative job than other graduates. Although they are more likely to be in full-time employment than part-time or self-employment, DT graduates suffer from a higher level of unemployment than CAD graduates.     

高校毕业生就业问题及对策

当前,就业难的原因是多方面的,文章通过对就业难原因进行探析,提出政府、用人单位、高等院校和毕业生应积极配合,采取相应对策。     

师范院校毕业生的就业形势与对策

当前高等师范院校毕业生就业出现了很多新情况、新问题，只有社会、学校和学生个人三方面共同努力，才能使他们充分就业。     

大学生就业心理障碍分析及对策探究

目前,大学生就业形势依然严峻。面对巨大的就业压力,大学生就业心理问题表现较为突出。本文从大学生就业心理问题的表象人手,从社会、学校、大学生自身三方面分析了其产生的原因,并提出了相应的对策。