Professional loyalties of university academics: Four ideal types

University academics display a high degree of internal differentiation in terms of their professional interests, diverse roles and divided loyalties. Perceptions from academics at the University of Melbourne regarding these elements are used in this paper to construct a typology which distinguishes four different groups according to their levels of research and institutional commitment. Such typologies serve to highlight not only the essential nature of universities but also the importance of the research culture. Implications of emphasising research are seen to have possible detrimental effects on the functioning of a university and these are addressed.     

论高校图书馆女职工的道德素质提升路径

在新时代社会快速发展的背景下,各行各业都在通过不断地努力来提升自身的道德素质以满足工作的需要。伴随着高等教育的快速发展和教育体制改革的不断深化,高校图书馆女职工也迫切需要提高自身道德素质,以便圆满完成高校图书工作。因此,提高高校图书馆女职工道德素质是提高高等教育水平和培养高素质的人才是当务之急,必须与时俱进,紧跟时代步伐。本文结合个人在实践工作过程中的经验总结,就高校图书馆女职工道德素质展开探讨,提出切实可行的办法和途径,提升高校图书馆女职工道德素质。     

不同强度健步走对女大学生身体素质的影响

本研究通过对36名辽宁师范大学普通女大学生进行为期10周的健步走锻炼,观察不同运动强度对女大学生体质的影响。研究结果显示:中、小强度的健步走是女大学生健身锻炼的最适宜运动强度。     

不同强度健步走对女大学生身体素质的影响

本研究通过对36名辽宁师范大学普通女大学生进行为期10周的健步走锻炼,观察不同运动强度对女大学生体质的影响。研究结果显示：中、小强度的健步走是女大学生健身锻炼的最适宜运动强度。     

Moral identity in cultural context: Differences between Canadian and Chinese university students

ABSTRACT

Albeit the moral identity construct has gained a pivotal status in moral psychology, previous research largely neglected cultural differences. The present study investigated moral identity from a cross-cultural perspective by comparing Western (Canadian) and Eastern (Chinese) cultures in three different contexts: family, school and community/society. The sample included 185 young adults from Canada and 148 from China. A modified version of the moral identity interview was administrated in each culture. All participants were asked to select 12–15 attributes describing a high moral person from a culturally inclusive list. They were then asked to rate the self-importance of the chosen attributes in the contexts of family, school and community/society. Overall, participants from both cultures viewed attributes reflecting benevolence and universality central to their moral identity. However, Chinese participants included a broader range of value domains in the definition of their moral identity. Moreover, Chinese participants scored higher on moral identity in the context of community/society than Canadians. The results indicate cultural similarity of moral identity with regard to some attributes. At the same time, there is meaningful cultural variability in individuals’ moral identities across contexts.     

Economic cost analysis in higher education: The university of mid-America and traditional institutions compared

Economic cost analysis is a method of looking at resources and measuring the efficiency with which those resources are used to attain goals. The author first discusses some methodology for and problems inherent in analyzing economic costs of educational institutions and then presents findings from cost studies of higher education institutions of two types—(1) the University of Mid-America, a regional open university with central management offices in Lincoln, Nebraska, and state organizations in Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska through which students can enroll in televised credit courses, and (2) a sample of traditional institutions of higher education in Indiana.     

Faculty qualifications and collegiality: The role of influence in university decision-making

Data on 115 colleges and universities are used to examine the effect of the qualifications of the faculty and decentralization of authority on faculty influence over general educational policy and faculty appointments. The findings suggest that university administrators respond to the presence of highly qualified faculties by allowing them to have more influence which is exercised largely through the formally constituted decision-making bodies of the faculty.     

Investigating university tutor perceptions of assessment feedback: three types of tutor beliefs

Feedback is a key element in effective teaching and learning. The issue of how teachers perceive the role of feedback will impact significantly their feedback approaches, the amount of the detail of their feedback and the time and effort expended on the feedback provision. This research was designed with the purpose of exploring how a group of over 50 tutors who were supporting an online university English course perceived, understood and interpreted the processes of assignment feedback. A factor analysis study based on questionnaire data revealed three sets of tutor beliefs towards assessment and tutor feedback: traditional–autonomous–global (TAG), student‐centred (SC) and traditional‐local (TL). Follow‐up in‐depth interviews were conducted with tutors. The TAG tutors saw scores as the most important feedback to students, but doubted the value of detailed feedback. SC tutors maintained that good tutor feedback should offer more than mere scores, and that students needed feedback in order to improve. TL tutors tended to underline all the errors and provide detailed feedback. They were negative towards the idea of their feedback being monitored. The authors identified some differing and converging tutor perceptions on assessment feedback, the understanding of which could arguably play an important role in introducing changes in tutor feedback culture.     

Differences between physical and social sciences in university graduate departments

The greater articulation of scientific fields with well-developed paradigms — in Kuhn's sense of the term — is viewed as facilitating scientific activities within those fields. Contrasting two physical science with two social science fields, earlier research reported greater consensus in the physical sciences, greater willingness to work with graduate students, and large advantages in research support and funding as compared to the social sciences.Data on influence in decision-making indicate that physical science departments enjoy greater autonomy from their central administrations, although physicists in lower-quality departments report some administrative pressures over choices of research areas. While social science departments feel less autonomous from their central administrations, they grant more autonomy to individual members. Decisions related to teaching processes are made differently across fields, with the physical sciences relying more heavily on committees, and the social sciences relying on individual-chairman negotiations.Across all four fields (physics, chemistry, sociology, and political science), departments with relatively high reputations exhibit collegial structures, while departments with lower reputations show marked tendencies toward bureaucratization. These findings hold when size of department or university is controlled, although departments in smaller universities report more administrative influence than those in extremely large ones.It is argued: (1) Departmental autonomy in the physical sciences is enhanced by the visibility of consequences made possible by greater paradigm development. (2) Maintenance of individual autonomy in the social sciences is necessitated by the lower visibility of consequences and the uncertainty of outcomes of those fields. (3) The maintenance of collegiality within universities may depend on visibility of favorable consequences relative to socially approved goals.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations; of the Science, Technology, and Society Group at Cornell; and of Cornell University. Requests for reprints should be sent to Janice B. Lodahl, School of Management, Crosby Hall, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214.     

Two different types of voice

Chief European Dramatists. Selected and edited by BRANDER MATTHEWS. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1916. Cloth, pp. 786. $2.75.

A Handbook of American Speech. By CALVIN L. LEWIS, Chicago: Scott, Foresman, and Co., 1916. Cloth, pp. 246. $0.80.

The Brief: With Selections for Briefing. By CARROLL LEWIS MAXCY. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1916. Cloth, pp. 332. $1.25

The Essentials of Effective Gesture. By JOSEPH A. MOSHER, A.M., Ph.D. New York; Macmillan Co., 1916. Cloth, pp. VII+188. $1.00.

Complete Guide to Public Speaking. Compiled and edited by GRENVILLE KLEISER. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1915. Cloth, pp. XV+639.

AMERICA FIRST. By J. L. MCBRIEN. New York: American Book Company, 1916. Cloth, pp. 288. $0.65.

“The Tonsil and Its Uses”; By RICHARD B. FAULKNER, M.D., Philadelphia: The Blanchard Company, 1916. Paper, pp. 29. $1.00.     

大学生群体性突发事件的类型与应对机制探索

本文在对近年来我国高校突发事件分析的基础上,围绕大学生群体性突发事件的类型和特点进行研究,重点探索了大学生群体性突发事件发生的原因、应对理念及应对机制的构建。为有效预防大学生群体性突发事件,降低此类事件导致的社会伤害、高校不和谐、个人损害提供了一定的解决思路。     

几种不同类型行列式的计算

高职数学把行列式列为基本而重要的内容之一,并把行列式的计算作为线性代数的教学重点,本文通过对行列式的计算方法及技巧之三角形化法、降阶法、利用特殊行列式、数学归纳法、拆项法、加边法(升阶法)的研究,力图起到抛砖引玉的作用,解决行列式的计算问题。     

Representing written vowels in university students with dyslexia compared with normal hebrew readers

The study investigates dyslexic and normal Hebrew readers’ perception of words containing a vowel letter in different orthographic and morphological contexts. In the first experiment, 72 undergraduate education students (half diagnosed with reading disabilities and half normal readers) were asked to judge pointed words with different morphological structures with and without the grapheme W. Half of the words had consistent (obligatory) W and half had inconsistent (optional) W. In the second experiment, the same procedure was repeated using the same words without pointing marks. Response latencies and accuracy were measured. In both experiments, dyslexic readers did less well than normal readers. They had lower scores on accurate lexical decisions and they took more time over these decisions. They also exhibited some deviant patterns, indicating that they cannot make use of orthographic and morphological cues that are available to normal readers, especially in the pointed experiment. Processing pointed words placed a heavier cognitive burden on the dyslexic readers. These findings are in line with other studies of adult dyslexic reader/writers, and support a reading / spelling processing model, which claims that internal orthographic representations of words are increasingly strengthened with each exposure during reading, but not all graphemes are strengthened equally. The general implication is that the ambiguities that exist in the relationships between orthography, phonology, and morphology underlie spelling knowledge, and are particularly difficult for dyslexic readers.     

中荷研究型大学教师信念比较研究——基于莱顿大学与厦门大学教师的访谈分析

该访谈研究的对象为20名中荷研究型大学教师.通过对教师们对自己如何思考和进行教学的描述(教学目的、教师和学生的角色、教学内容、师生关系等方面的看法)进行"关键词抽取"和"标识平面"法的比较定位,发现中荷研究型大学教师中主要存在五种类型的信念:知识型、结果型、能力型、兴趣型和价值型.其中,强调能力型信念的教师居多.这五种类型的教师信念依次从"教师中心"取向"学生中心"取向排列.     

地方高校学报如何拓展其在全国的影响力

通过分析地方高校学报在全国范围内影响力小的原因,提出了通过电子邮箱推送文章摘要、给相关作者邮寄样刊、合理利用参考文献、积极发挥编委和外审专家的作用以及在本刊或学术网站发布杂志信息、增加百度搜索量等途径来解决地方高校学报关注度低的问题,以提升地方高校学报的学术质量和影响力.     

关于大学治理的外部影响因素研究

处于社会转型期,不仅促使了高等教育改革的深化,同时,也使得大学急迫的需要建立更加完善的现代化大学制度,更好的适应新的社会环境。而大学治理正是建立现代化大学制度的核心与关键。本文将通过对大学治理的外部影响因素——政府、社会、文化的研究与分析,理顺其与大学之间的关系,提高大学治理的有效性,从而促进现代化大学制度的建设与完善。     

Consistency and variability of learning strategies in different university courses

The present study addressed the question of consistency and variability in learning strategies. Four university courses provided different learning contexts. The same group of students reported about their learning strategies by completing identical questionnaires on each of these courses. Participants were 85 students attending the first year of Law studies. A second study consisted of 63 students attending similar courses in the following academic year. An analysis of variance showed that students varied their reported learning strategies as a function of different learning contexts. This indicated a context-specific component in strategy use. Intercorrelations, however, showed that students displayed consistency in reported learning strategies across course contexts as well. This indicated a personal, habitual component in strategy use. It thus seems that the question of variability and consistency in learning strategies does not yield an either-or, answer. Context variables were explored to explain the variations. Use of stated cases, provision of a clear organisation of subject matter and of diverse didactic resources appeared to diminish encountered problems and lack of regulation (which proved to be related variables), and promote the use of concrete processing, relating, analyzing, self-regulation and externally regulated strategies. Evidence was found that learning strategies differed among each other in the degree of variability. Memorizing turned out to be relatively resistant to differences in course context, whereas concrete processing strategies and lack of regulation showed relatively large susceptibility to course context. Explanations were proposed in terms of different stages in the development of learning strategies and in terms of context-variables.     

Impact of job satisfaction and burnout on attitudes towards strike action among employees of a Nigerian university

The Nigerian tertiary educational system has been ravaged by incessant strike action, which appears to defy all attempts to find solutions. This paper reports on a study that examines the impact of job satisfaction and burnout on attitudes towards strike actions among employees of a Nigerian university. A total of 576 employees participated in the study, 263 men and 313 women, with a mean age of 38.49 years. The Attitude to Strike Scale, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form, and Teacher’s Burnout Scale were used to collect data. Findings showed that employees with low job satisfaction and high burnout reported significantly a more positive attitude towards strike action than those with higher job satisfaction and lower burnout. It was suggested that governments and administrators of Nigerian tertiary institutions should device strategies to improve workers’ job satisfaction and reduce burnout as ways of reducing the workers’ likelihood to embark on strike actions.