Freedom: Toward an Integration of the Counseling Profession

Freedom is presented as an overarching paradigm that may align and bring together the counseling profession's diverse counseling theories and open a doorway to a new generation of counseling techniques. Freedom is defined and discussed in terms of its 4 modalities: freedom from, freedom to, freedom with, and freedom for. The long‐standing problem of theoretical integration of counseling and psychotherapy is explored in combination with the phenomenon of therapeutic change in the context of freedom. The new paradigm generates new and possibly more effective counseling techniques by aligning and incorporating freedom with such ideas as agency, self‐determination, metacognition, mindfulness, and often unexamined Asian therapeutic techniques from yoga and Buddhism.     

A New Paradigm for Teaching Counseling Theory and Practice

The author discusses a paradigm for understanding the myriad of counseling theories and their corresponding intervention techniques. The paradigm organizes counseling theory and practice around three principles: a way of being, a way of understanding, and a way of intervening. The paradigm assists counselors in sorting out the similarities and differences between the counseling theories and allows them to eclectically use various theories and techniques without losing the consistency and cohesiveness of working within a structure.     

The Refined and Further Defined Freedom Paradigm: A Response to Ottens and MacCluskie

The proposed freedom paradigm is briefly reviewed as an overarching framework that may provide a structure for integrating the counseling profession and counseling theories. Freedom is defined and discussed in terms of four modalities: freedom from, freedom to, freedom with, and freedom for. This is followed by a response to comments on Hanna's (2011) article and addresses such topics as the nature of practice, the value of techniques, hypnotherapy, and the applicability of the paradigm for mental health professionals in general. A further clarification of counseling toward object orientation and internal control is also included.     

Enriching the Scholarship of Teaching: Determining Appropriate Cross-Professional Applications Among Teaching, Counseling, and Psychotherapy

When teaching is construed as facilitating learning rather than imparting knowledge, it becomes an educational helping relationship. In this light, teaching can be understood to share important characteristics with other helping professions, such as counseling and psychotherapy. As teaching is further conceptualized within this paradigm, confusion can develop regarding appropriate applications of concepts from related helping professions to teaching contexts. This article introduces and illustrates an appropriateness criterion that attempts to remove this confusion and thereby facilitate important cross-professional collaborations and further conceptual development of the teaching-as-helping paradigm.     

论大学生心理健康教育中的团体心理咨询

团体心理咨询对大学生心理健康教育有着天然的适切性,但现有的相关工作和研究存在着咨询目标单一、研究范式单一、理论研究缺乏的弊端,需要团体心理咨询研究者引起足够的重视。     

The Locke paradigm of cross cultural counseling

Summary To meet the needs of culturally different populations, culturally consistent assessment, evaluation, and treatment skills, as well as theoretical content must be understood by those working with these populations. The Locke Paradigm of Cross Cultural Counseling offers a framework for such action. While the paradigm does not specifically address counseling skills, the knowledge one gains from a study of a subculture is the foundation upon which a counselor builds the relationship with a client from a culturally different population. Effective counseling can only occur when the counselor has knowledge of both counseling theory and of the particular culture of the client.     

哲学咨询：道德教育的新模式

哲学咨询是一种向古希腊哲学复归的哲学应用范式,其以哲学理论为基础,以逻辑学为工具。与心理咨询相比,哲学咨询的适用对象和受众较为广泛,咨询方式富于哲学性与逻辑性,功能也更为全面。哲学咨询具有德性教化功效,因而可以服务于学生的德性培养,成为当代道德教育的新模式。德性教化具备深刻的逻辑机理,教化功能的实现依靠思想分析来完成。思想分析如同信念修复技术,分析就是治疗,哲学咨询的过程即是教育的过程。通过开展哲学咨询,教师可以引导学生运用逻辑思维积极进行“哲学化”思考,协助学生深化对事物本质的认识,指导学生自觉树立正确价值观。     

对我国心理咨询模式的思考

文章在分析我国目前心理咨询理念的基础上，认为我国应建立以启发式为主体的多元化心理咨询模式。这既顺应了多元文化心理咨询的潮流。又符合了中国人社会化特点及人际交流方式等国情和民情，以期为推动我国心理咨询业的发展提供参考。     

Ultra-Brief,Immediate, and Resurgent: A College Counseling Paradigm Realignment

College counseling centers are experiencing a surging in demand for services that is unaccompanied by an equivalent growth in resources. A possible solution to this disparity is the adoption of a service paradigm founded on ultra-brief therapies, episodic treatments, and the walk-in model of mental health delivery. These models fit both the developmental needs of college students and the existing infrastructures of counseling centers. Moreover, the use of these models is already prevalent in most counseling centers, albeit in unrecognized forms.     

A Response to the Proposed Paradigm: Freedom Runs Through It

Freedom, conceived as self‐determination, control, and agency, has been put forth as the central purpose of a paradigm to bring together the specialties of the counseling profession, integrate the many theories, and usher in a wave of potentially powerful techniques from Asian psychologies. It remains to be seen how the foci of the specialties would change, if at all, in this paradigm; however, the unique contributions of each theory may be better appreciated. Research should be undertaken to better understand the efficacy of these new but ancient techniques.     

Career counseling centers in higher education: A study of cross-cultural applications from the United States to Korea

Interest in career development and career counseling is growing in Korea. Nevertheless, neither the research nor the literature adequately address the question as to what applications can be cross-culturally transferred from career counseling centers in the United States to Korea. This study qualitatively examines the practice of career counseling in seven university career counseling centers in the United States in a search for concepts and methods that may be cross-culturally applied to Korean universities. Nine categories of data emerged in our qualitative analysis of information gathered: (a) types of systems; (b) staff; (c) services provided; (d) career assessments; (e) alumni networks; (f) workshops and outreach; (g) publicity; (h) information technology; and (i) facilities. Applications and ideas for the Korean context, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

The Minnesota International Counseling Institute (MICI) 1989—Present: History,Joyful Moments,and Lessons Learned

This article describes the Minnesota International Counseling Institute, a biennial counseling institute created by faculty in the University of Minnesotas Counseling and Student Personnel Psychology Program. One hundred and fifty-two international counseling personnel from 40 countries have participated in the Minnesota International Counseling Institute. After eight Institutes and nearly 20 years, we wish to share our experiences with the international counseling community. The article presents reflection and evaluation by the faculty on our cumulative experiences with the MICI, including history, guiding principles, format, participants, evaluation, successes, lessons learned, and struggles. We hope our experience will be useful to other counseling and human development professionals and adapted by others interested in promoting counseling across cultures.     

计算机辅助心理咨询的探索与思考

社会转型,中国入世,必然引起社会许多方面急剧面深刻的变化,这些变化必然引起人们心理上的一系列变化,这两种变化又必然对我国的心理咨询工作提出越来越高而且越来越广泛的要求。然而,由于种种原因,我国心理咨询队伍远远滞后于现实需要,短期内又无法培养出足够的人员。计算机辅助心理咨询可以使心理测验和心理诊断、心理指导、心理辅导和心理训练自动化和半自动化,使心理咨询客观化,这必将大大提高心理咨询的质量和效率,收到以机助人的效果。计算机辅助心理咨询可以走入机关、学校、企业甚至家庭,从而成为大众自我心理教育、自我心理调节的得力工具,更好地发挥心理咨询“助人自助’的功能。计算机辅助心理咨询的技术基础是人—机对话,它的技术体系包括计算机辅助心理测验和心理诊断,计算机管理心理发展档案,计算机辅助心理指导、心理辅导和心理训练。     

Using Personal Growth Groups in Multicultural Counseling Courses to Foster Students' Ethnic Identity Development

This study was designed to examine the relationship between personal growth group (PGG) experiences in multicultural counseling courses and counseling students' ethnic identity development. Differences in ethnic identity development were compared between counseling students who participated in a PGG experience as part of a multicultural counseling course and those who did not. Group session impacts were also examined. Results indicated that counseling students who participated in PGGs as part of a multicultural counseling course experienced significantly greater ethnic identity development than did counseling students not participating in such groups. Recommendations for further research are provided.     

Integrating Social Justice Into Counseling Theories Pedagogy: A Case Example

As they explore counseling theories, students are encouraged to examine their own values, attitudes, and beliefs to find congruence with these theories. This traditional approach inadequately addresses the social injustices that may be perpetuated by selecting theories that further oppress clients and other marginalized communities. Prilleltensky (1997) introduced a social justice paradigm, emancipatory communitarianism, to address the limitations of existing theories on the basis of their underlying values. The authors discuss how incorporating emancipatory communitarianism and values discussions into counseling theories pedagogy can enhance critical thinking and self‐exploration among developing students. Implications for counseling pedagogy, practices, and research are discussed.     

存在决定意识抑或物质决定意识--试论中国咨询心理学的发展道路

咨询心理学的科学性和科学地位在中国遭到了严重的挑战和威胁,原因是一段时期以来,我国的心理咨询和心理治疗被定位在“医学模式”的范畴。这种医学模式的咨询心理学没给中国的心理咨询业带来繁荣却带来了灾难。应当重新检讨我国的咨询心理学的理论和实践的历史,反思我们的工作,使我国的咨询心理学重新回到科学的轨道,回到“教育模式”上来。使咨询心理学能够真正地为社会文明和进步服务。     

Generalization of Microcounseling Skills from Training Period to Actual Counseling Setting

This study attempted to measure the generalization of the counseling skills learned via the microcounseling paradigm to the actual counseling setting. Twenty practicum counselors were assigned to two groups: (a) experimental group, training focused on the microcounseling skills of attending behavior, reflection of feeling, and summarization of feeling and (b) control group, no training. Measurements of the microcounseling skills were obtained at four intervals: (1) pretraining, (2) posttraining, (3) counseling session I, and (4) counseling session II. Results indicated that experimental subjects evidenced greater learning and retention of skills in reflection of feeling and summarization of feeling. There were no significant differences between subjects on attending behavior skills. Results are discussed with implications for training counselors via the microcounseling paradigm.     

Fresh thinking about academic development: authentic,transformative, disruptive?

We highlight three ways of conceptualising and enacting academic development: firstly as authentic, practice-based activity, secondly in terms of a new transformative paradigm for academic development units (ADUs), and thirdly as a space for disruption. We illustrate these conceptualisations through our investigation of the practice of internal secondment of faculty to ADUs. We report our findings from a sector-wide survey of Scottish higher education institutions and a series of in-depth interviews with secondees and their managers in two Scottish universities. We recommend further investigations to identify new ways of enacting authentic, practice-based, transformative, and disruptive academic development.     

聋人大学生职业生涯辅导探析

职业生涯辅导在我国的高等特殊教育中具有独特的价值。本文从促进聋人大学生职业成长和终身发展的视角,分析了聋人大学生职业生涯辅导的缺失与问题,探讨了聋人大学生的心理特点及对其职业生涯发展的消极影响,提出了对聋人大学生进行科学职业生涯辅导的内容、方法和途径。