高职生学习投入状况及对策研究

采用学习投入问卷对705名高职生进行调查。结果发现:高职生学习投入状况处于中等水平。高职生学习投入总分在居住地、学习成绩、选择专业、专业满意度上存在显著差异,但在性别、学校、家庭结构、年级上不存在显著差异。基于学习投入的特点及各统计变量的差异对高等职业院校的教学工作提出一些针对性建议,以期能对高职生的教学及人才培养工作提供现实的指导意义。     

TEACHING FOR STATISTICAL LITERACY: UTILISING AFFORDANCES IN REAL-WORLD DATA

It is widely held that context is important in teaching mathematics and statistics. Consideration of context is central to statistical thinking, and any teaching of statistics must incorporate this aspect. Indeed, it has been advocated that real-world data sets can motivate the learning of statistical principles. It is not, however, a straightforward task to take a real-world example and incorporate it into a lesson that will teach important statistical principles. This paper considers issues involved in using real data to exemplify statistical ideas and examines pre-service teachers’ attempts to design teaching activities using such data. Pre-service teachers were supplied with a topical data set and asked to plan lessons that would teach some key statistical idea to year 6 students. The lessons were analysed using a hierarchy for teaching statistical literacy, and great variation was found in the level of statistical thinking demanded in the planned lessons. Teachers who had completed a preliminary activity helping them to think carefully about what might be taught from real data in general produced lessons with stronger statistical content. A key requirement for having lessons with deep consideration of statistical ideas is to identify the actual affordances for teaching contained within a data set; the planning process then benefits from explicit attention to making that content evident in the teaching activities.     

Can Statistics Be Rescued From Mathematics?

A case is presented for a statistical education in science that emerges from scientific problems rather than one which is constrained by tools and techniques which are already determined. The emphasis is placed on a meaningful understanding of statistical ideas within the context of scientific enquiry. The article concludes with an application of the argument to sixth form biology.     

热力学第三定律的证明和统计解释

介绍了证明热力学第三定律的一种简单方法并给出了其统计解释。     

A Sort of Statistics Lesson

A classroom practical activity for sorting lists of numbers is described, leading to some statistical analysis.     

Auditing Educational Program Performance: A Multi-Stage Analysis of Current Student Satisfaction

ABSTRACT

Using multi-stage modeling and analysis, current student satisfaction with an educational program is assessed. A statistical model is developed to estimate students' relative importance weights for five major components of the educational-program offering. The determinants of these five major components are assessed with a second-level analysis. The regression models have high levels of statistical fit. The determinants of educational program performance are clearly identified with consequent implications for allocation of managerial effort.     

湍流大气激光束扩展效应的研究

本文讨论了激光扩展的机制问题,给出了短期和长期扩展光斑半径ps和PL的均方值的近似计算方法,提供了一套测量短期扩展效应的技术,进行了在静态空气、湍流空气和暖风场下光束扩展的测量,所得结果与理论值比较吻合,光束扩展谱的统计分布近似于正态分布。     

Brownian motion problem: Random walk and beyond

A brief account of developments in the experimental and theoretical investigations of Brownian motion is presented. Interestingly, Einstein who did not like God’s game of playing dice for electrons in an atom himself put forward a theory of Brownian movement allowing God to play the dice. The vital role played by his random walk model in the evolution of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and multitude of its applications is highlighted. Also included are the basics of Langevin’s theory for Brownian motion. Shama Sharma is currently working as lecturer at DAV College, Punjab. She is working on some problems in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. Vishwamittar is professor in physics at Panjab University, Chandigarh and his present research activities are in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. He has written articles on teaching of physics, history and philosophy of physics.     

Inter-subject comparability of examination standards in GCSE and GCE in England

Results from Rasch analysis of GCSE and GCE A level data over a period of four years suggest that the standards of examinations in different subjects are not consistent in terms of the levels of the latent trait specified in the Rasch model required to achieve the same grades. Variability in statistical standards between subjects exists at both individual grade level and the overall subject level. Findings from this study are generally consistent with those from previous studies using similar statistical models. It has been demonstrated that the alignment of statistical standards between subjects based on the Rasch model would likely result in substantial change in performance standards of the examinations for some subjects evidenced here by significant changes in grade boundary scores and grade outcomes. It is argued that the defined purposes of GCSE and A level qualifications determine how their results should be interpreted and reported and that the existing grading and results reporting procedures are appropriate for supporting these purposes.     

基于虚功误差估计算子服役结构状态评估的统计分析

针对服役结构状态评估问题提出了基于虚功误差估计算子的统计分析方法.首先定义虚功误差来表达实际结构与参数化分析模型之间的差别,然后采用改进的牛顿算法推导分析模型结构识别算法.为了探讨在有测量误差的情况下算法的性能,引用Monte Carlo方法模拟测量数据,对测量数据的误差与识别结果的影响进行了详细的分析比较.根据识别结果确定它的概率分布,通过假设试验对服役结构状态评估进行统计分析.最后应用双跨五层刚架结构进行了大量数值模拟,计算结果显示了所提方法的有效性.     

Sequence Learning in 4‐Month‐Old Infants: Do Infants Represent Ordinal Information?

This study investigated how 4‐month‐old infants represent sequences: Do they track the statistical relations among specific sequence elements (e.g., AB, BC) or do they encode abstract ordinal positions (i.e., B is second)? Infants were habituated to sequences of 4 moving and sounding elements—3 of the elements varied in their ordinal position while the position of 1 target element remained invariant (e.g., A B CD, C B DA)—and then were tested for the detection of changes in the target’s position. Infants detected an ordinal change only when it disrupted the statistical co‐occurrence of elements but not when statistical information was controlled. It is concluded that 4‐month‐olds learn the order of sequence elements by tracking their statistical associations but not their invariant ordinal position.     

Statistical learning and dyslexia: a systematic review

The existing literature on developmental dyslexia (hereafter: dyslexia) often focuses on isolating cognitive skills which differ across dyslexic and control participants. Among potential correlates, previous research has studied group differences between dyslexic and control participants in performance on statistical learning tasks. A statistical learning deficit has been proposed to be a potential cause and/or a marker effect for early detection of dyslexia. It is therefore of practical importance to evaluate the evidence for a group difference. From a theoretical perspective, such a group difference would provide information about the causal chain from statistical learning to reading acquisition. We provide a systematic review of the literature on such a group difference. We conclude that there is insufficient high-quality data to draw conclusions about the presence or absence of an effect.     

基于网络的自主听力教学模式及成绩统计分析

在网络自主学习中,学生必须自己构建学习的意义,在完全自主环境中将个性与学习内容结合。分析某校大学英语自主听力模式的构建路线图,同时采用社会科学统计方法对自主听力模式的教学效果进行阶段性检验。采用描述统计方法对自主听力实验班的听力成绩和传统对照班的听力成绩进行统计描述;使用配对样本T检验方法检验两者之间确实存在显著的差异。     

Accuracy of Estimates and Statistical Power for Testing Meditation in Latent Growth Curve Modeling

The latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) approach has been increasingly utilized to investigate longitudinal mediation. However, little is known about the accuracy of the estimates and statistical power when mediation is evaluated in the LGCM framework. A simulation study was conducted to address these issues under various conditions including sample size, effect size of mediated effect, number of measurement occasions, and R ₂ of measured variables. In general, the results showed that relatively large samples were needed to accurately estimate the mediated effects and to have adequate statistical power, when testing mediation in the LGCM framework. Guidelines for designing studies to examine longitudinal mediation and ways to improve the accuracy of the estimates and statistical power were discussed.     

Statistical Model-Based Face Pose Estimation

A robust face pose estimation approach is proposed by using face shape statistical model approach and pose parameters are represented by trigonometric functions. The face shape statistical model is firstly built by analyzing the face shapes from different people under varying poses. The shape alignment is vital in the process of building the statistical model. Then, six trigonometric functions are employed to represent the face pose parameters. Lastly, the mapping function is constructed between face image and face pose by linearly relating different parameters. The proposed approach is able to estimate different face poses using a few face training samples. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy.     

推广的Stancu算子的A-统计逼近

引入了一类推广的stancu算子,用Korovkin型统计逼近定理研究了这些算子的统计逼近性质,借助光滑模得到了这类stancu算子逼近度的估计.     

A NOTE ON THE POWER OF STATISTICAL TESTS IN THE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT

The power of statistical tests recently appearing in the JEM was determined using the power calculation guidelines proposed by Cohen (1969). All the articles containing tests of significance were surveyed. The results indicated that power was generally below .50 for small effect sizes and above .50 for medium and large effect sizes. A suggestion for reporting statistical results to include power of the tests was made.     

统计指标分类体系的完善

统计指标是统计的基本语言,所有的统计研究都离不开指标。而统计指标分类体系又是统计研究中最基础的一项内容,它应该能够概览所有的统计指标,规定不同种类统计指标的应用场合、应用范围及计算方法,是统计分析的基本理论依据。然而,就目前来看,关于统计指标的基本分类问题缺乏系统的研究,没有形成一个统一的、完整的统计指标分类体系,致使统计指标在实践应用中经常被误用、被误解。该文在分析现行统计指标分类体系存在的缺陷与不足的基础上,建立了完善的统计指标分类体系。     

统计推断在科学发现中的作用和统计模型的确定

通过遗传学规律的统计探索，揭示了统计推断在科学发现中的助推作用．探讨了统计模型的接受规则，阐明统计推断的实践对统计创新和统计方法检验的双重意义．     

Some Practical Aspects of Multiple Choice Examinations

This paper describes the practical work up of a multiple choice examination system in electrical engineering. A graphics tablet is used for inputting the data. The pedagogical advantages obtained by statistical handling of the data are given and illustrated by some examples.