Learning to Read and Learning to Teach Reading

The National Curriculum for Initial Teacher Education in English is specific and detailed about the knowledge expected of primary teachers. Shulman (1987) argued that teachers transform this sort of subject content knowledge into something accessible and meaningful to their pupils and this knowledge is described as ‘pedagogic content knowledge’. Medwell et al. (1998) found that effective literacy teachers only knew literacy in the way that they taught it. The research project underpinning this article aimed to explore student teachers' conceptions of the teaching of reading in order to find out what they thought they were teaching when they taught reading. It was thought that the personal reading histories of the students would impact on their developing conceptions of teaching reading. This article traces one student, Gordon, through the year of his PGCE course. In the form of dialogue between Gordon and the researcher developing understanding is articulated. Three different types of reading are described: decoding, making meaning and engaging. Reading is seen as a transformative process, where the reader is both within and outside the text. This has implications both for the conception of reading contained within the curriculum and the way it is implemented within the classroom. A teacher can only introduce children to experiences and ways of reading that are known to herself. It is argued, therefore, that student teachers need to extend the boundaries of their own reading and so appreciate the wide range of ways in which meaning is constructed and readers are created.     

Recent Explorations Into the Etiology of Reading Difficulties: Insights from Language and Cognition

MODERN COGNITIVE psychology provides conceptual and empirical tools for a process analysis of reading acquisition and the development of reading towards a sophisticated skill. The present review is aimed to give such an analysis as it stands now. Key concepts are phonological and linguistic awareness, schemata, learning strategies, metacognition and learning as a social interaction. These concepts and empirical results clarifying their function are discussed from the point of view of their mutual interplay and pedagogical application.     

自主式阅读:阅读教学的反璞归真

自主式阅读的基本理念是学生凭需要,兴趣,主动,独立地阅读,而非被动,被迫地阅读,自主式阅读不但可以使人享受读书乐趣,还能使人的语读写能力。人素养真正发展起来。倡导自主式阅读并非不要学课本。它要求通过教学改革增强课内阅读的自主性。     

如何实现句子的多样化--再读Learning to Read in College一文有感

如何实现句子的多样化一直是中国学生习作的难题,文章仅以<大学英语>第一册里的一篇阅读材料为例,对英语写作如何实现句子多样化从写作手段上加以简要论述.     

Genres and Learning to Read

The issue of text genre has begun to loom larger in thinking about literacy development, especially with the foregrounding of range in the latest National Curriculum orders for English. Lynne Kirk and Henry Pearson describe their investigation into the effects of text genre upon children's reading and conclude that, although story is the most immediately attractive genre, no one genre has all the qualities for helping children to learn to read.     

如何让学生想读、乐读、会读

阐述了让学生想读、乐读、会读的具体方法。     

Understanding Reading Anxiety: New Insights from Neuroscience

Recent advances in research have furthered understanding of the many roles that emotions play in fostering effective learning. This editorial argues, against fashion, that the affective domain is neither separate from nor less significant in the learning process than the cognitive domain. It begins with a vignette of a struggling reader. It then defines emotions and explains their role in learning, using cognitive psychology and neuroscience as the research base. Next, it examines the influence of the affective domain on learning to interpret symbols. The editorial concludes with an analysis of reading anxiety and recommendations for practice.     

Teaching English Language Learners At Risk for Reading Disabilities to Read: Putting Research into Practice

The purpose of this article is to describe features of interventions that are empirically validated for use with first‐grade students at risk for reading disabilities who are English language learners (ELLs) and whose home language is Spanish. The empirical evidence supporting these interventions is summarized. Interventions for improving oral language and reading abilities with struggling readers who are ELLs taught in either Spanish or English are described as a means to assist school districts and teachers in defining and implementing effective interventions for ELLs at risk for reading difficulties. The interventions described may be useful to educators seeking information about Response to Intervention as a means of identifying ELLs who require services for learning disabilities.     

Training Parents and Teachers in Remedial Reading Procedures for Children with Learning Difficulties

The mothers and classroom teachers of four 11‐12‐year‐old low progress readers were trained in tutoring procedures that involved delaying attention to child reading errors, providing cues to help correct errors and praising specific reading strategies and achievements. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used to evaluate the effects of tutor training in both home and school settings. Baseline measures showed that one class teacher delayed attention to child errors and two teachers provided appropriate prompts, while the parents showed no occurrence of the tutoring behaviours. Following training, both teachers and parents applied the specific tutoring behaviours and these behaviours were shown to persist across a three to five week maintenance period during which the experimenter reduced training and feedback to tutors and at three one‐month follow‐up assessments. Pre‐tests showed the children to have reading age levels three to five years behind an expected level for their chronological age. Post‐tests showed the children to have an average gain in reading level of 28 months (range 24‐48 months).     

师范性与学术性：从对立走向整合

师范性与学术性是高等师范教育的两大基石,学术性是体现师范性的学术性,而师范性则是学术性保证下的师范性,两者的有机整合是教师教育专业化的基本要求,其实质在于融学术性要求于其中的师范精神。     

阅读心理机制的介入与阅读教学的优化

我们所处的时代，是知识经济的时代，这个时代以高科技为先导，以知识为资本，以信息的快速传递为特征。根据阅读学专家的研究，新世纪的人们将面临三个挑战：无限的书籍对有限的阅读时间的挑战；呈几何级数膨胀的时代信息对读者原有接受能力的挑战；大量知识对读者理解能力的挑战。在“知识爆炸”的形势下，人若想做知识的主人，就必须改变自己登知识之山，涉知识之海的途径，提高“登”和“涉”的能力。在这个时代需求面前，我们语文教师有责任帮助学生调整阅读心理，摸索阅读规律，以培养学生高效阅读的能力。《中国大百科全书》对“阅读…     

Insights into Vocational Learning from an Applied Learning Perspective

A theoretical framework for understanding applied learning processes is now warranted given the frequency with which these processes are now being utilised. Drawing in part from the literature on applied education in schools as well as theories of vocational learning such a framework is offered here that seeks to explain these learning processes in terms of the interplay of multiple accounts of influences at micro, meso and macro levels. This framework integrates current and emerging theories around practical learning, and provides insights into vocational and workplace education processes. We clarify how features of our framework complement broader current debates and concepts in the literature on vocational and work-related learning, particularly focusing on influences for that learning at the micro level of individuals’ experiences and understandings entailed in embodied cognition, or knowing through practice. Moreover, the value of this framework is demonstrated through its application to two very different case studies of learning processes in workplace settings. In conclusion, some implications for further theoretical and practical work in this area are advanced.